Vnukovo International Airport

Vnukovo International Airport

Международный аэропорт Внуково
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorJSC "Vnukovo Airport"
ServesMoscow metropolitan area
LocationMoscow
Hub for
Elevation AMSL209 m / 686 ft
Coordinates55°35′46″N 37°16′03″E / 55.59611°N 37.26750°E / 55.59611; 37.26750
Websitevnukovo.ru
Map
VKO is located in Moscow Oblast
VKO
VKO
Location of the airport in Moscow Oblast
VKO is located in European Russia
VKO
VKO
Location of the airport in Russia
VKO is located in Europe
VKO
VKO
Location of the airport in Europe
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
06/24 3,500 11,483 Concrete
01/19 3,060 10,039 Concrete
Statistics (2018)
Passengers21,478,486
Aircraft movements163,600
Sources: Russian Federal Air Transport Agency (see also provisional 2018 statistics)[2]

Vnukovo, formally Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport (named after Andrei Tupolev) (Russian: Внуково, IPA: [ˈvnukəvə]) (IATA: VKO, ICAO: UUWW), is a dual-runway international airport located in Vnukovo District, 28 km (17 mi) southwest of the centre of Moscow, Russia. It is one of the four major airports that serve Moscow, along with Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo, and Zhukovsky.

In 2019, the airport handled 24.01 million passengers, representing an increase of 12% compared to the previous year. Vnukovo was the eleventh-busiest airport in Europe in 2021 but had a strong decline in traffic and dropped to 30th place in 2022 as a consequence of sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[3]

History

[edit]
US President Ronald Reagan at Vnukovo in 1988
Old terminal (pictured in 2000)
Apron view
Terminal A

Vnukovo is Moscow's oldest operating airport. It was opened and used for military operations during the Second World War but became a civilian facility after the war.[citation needed] Its construction was approved by the Soviet government in 1937 because the older Khodynka Aerodrome (located much closer to the city centre, but closed by the 1980s) was becoming overloaded.[citation needed]

Vnukovo was built by several thousand inmates of Likovlag, a Gulag concentration camp created specifically for this purpose, and opened on 1 July 1941. During the Great Patriotic War, it was used as a military airbase; passenger services started after the war.[citation needed]

On 15 September 1956, the Tupolev Tu-104 jetliner made its first passenger flight from Moscow Vnukovo to Irkutsk via Omsk.[citation needed]

On 4 November 1957, a plane carrying Romanian Workers' Party officials, including the most prominent politicians of Communist Romania (Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Chivu Stoica, Alexandru Moghioroș, Ştefan Voitec, Nicolae Ceauşescu, Leonte Răutu, and Grigore Preoteasa), was involved in an accident at Vnukovo Airport.[citation needed] Preoteasa, who was the minister of foreign affairs at the time, was killed, as was the aircraft's crew. Several others were seriously injured.[citation needed]

The first passenger flights of the IL-18 (Moscow to Alma-Ata on 20 April 1956) and Tu-114 (Moscow to Khabarovsk on 24 April 1961) were also made from Vnukovo Airport. In 1980, Vnukovo was expanded because of the 22nd Summer Olympic Games. In 1993, Vnukovo Airport became a joint-stock company.[citation needed]

A massive reconstruction and strategic development programme commenced at Vnukovo International in late 2003, following the transfer by the federal government of the controlling stake in the airport to the government of Moscow.[citation needed]

As part of the Airport Strategic Development Plan, these projects were completed between 2003 and 2005:[citation needed]

  • April 2004: New Terminal B was opened. The terminal currently handles international passengers, but in the future, it will be converted to handle domestic flights or to fulfill any other dedicated functions to be determined at a later date. The terminal's total floor space offering stands at 80,000 m2 (861,113 sq ft)), allowing for an annual passenger throughput capacity of four million.
  • August 2005: Vnukovo's express rail link to Kiyevsky Rail Terminal was opened.
  • December 2010: New Terminal A was opened.
  • Summer 2016: All flights served by Terminal B were transferred into Terminal A, and Terminal B was closed.

Vnukovo is Europe's busiest airport for international flights by larger private planes.[4]

Location and capacity

[edit]

Of the three Moscow airports, Vnukovo is the highest (204 m (669 ft 3 in) above sea level), so in case of fog, it has frequently served as an alternative airport.[5]

The airfield has two intersecting runways of 3,500 m (11,482 ft 11 in) and 3,060 m (10,039 ft 4 in) in length. Each runway is 60 m (196 ft 10 in) wide, with 10 m (32 ft 10 in)-wide safety shoulders on each side. The joint runway capacity is 60 aircraft movements per hour. Runway 24 is mostly used for departures, while Runway 01 is for landings.[citation needed]

The airport has two passenger terminals (Terminal A and Terminal B), one general aviation terminal (for charter and business flights), one cargo terminal, and 60 aircraft stands.

The airport can handle a maximum of 10,100 passengers per hour,[6] and 4,000 people are employed there. In 2013, the airport handled almost 11.18 million passengers, representing a 15.3% increase compared to 2012.[7] In February 2014 the airport handled 722,500 passengers, an increase of 23.8% compared to February 2013, partly attributed to expansion by Utair.[8]

Vnukovo Airport is equipped with a VIP hall, which is used by many political leaders and important people visiting Russia. The Russian President also uses Vnukovo's VIP facility. The Tupolev airliner rework facility is located at the edge of the airport, and major overhaul and modification programmes are carried out in several large aircraft hangars.[citation needed] On the northern perimeter of the airport, the government VIP transport wing is located, operating head-of-state flights for high-ranking government officials. Thus, the airport is occasionally closed for regular flights when VIP flights arrive or depart.[citation needed]

Further expansion

[edit]

The prospective development programme was intended to last until 2015,[needs update] and was aimed at transforming Vnukovo International into a highly competitive air transportation hub of international significance – one that would offer a comprehensive range of quality services to both its passengers and its tenant carriers.

A new international passenger Terminal A will have a total floor space of 250,000 m2 (2,700,000 sq ft) and passenger throughput capacity of 7,800 passengers per hour, making a total capacity of 18–20 million passengers annually.[9] This will open up many opportunities for the tenant airlines to expand and improve the quality of their customer service at the airport, and ensure the introduction of international-quality service and comfort overall. The sprawling terminal building will be located on the site of the existing domestic passenger terminal, and will also serve as a springboard for the subsequent development of the entire adjacent landside area both next to the terminal and further out towards Vnukovo Settlement. The oldest of the Vnukovo passenger terminals, dating back to 1941, will be demolished by the time construction of the new one goes ahead (it was started to be dismantled in November 2005). The existing domestic Terminal 2, built in the late 1970s, will continue in operation until its eventual demolition during the final phase of construction and replacement with the new terminal.

The expansion plans include lengthening one of the two V-configured runways (3,500 m (11,482 ft 11 in) and 3,060 m (10,039 ft 4 in) long) to 3,800 m (12,467 ft 2 in) and upgrading the instrument landing system from the present CAT II to CAT III. The existing taxiways are to be extended as part of the expansion and new ones will also be built, along with a brand new control tower, an extension to the cargo terminal, and a multistory car park.

Terminals

[edit]

Terminal A is the only terminal used both for domestic and international flights. Terminals B and D are out of service as of October 2017.

Airlines and destinations

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Aero Nomad Airlines Bishkek,[10] Osh[11]
AJet Ankara
ALROSA Mirny, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg
Azerbaijan Airlines Baku, Ganja
Azimuth Batumi,[12] Kutaisi,[13] Pskov, Saint Petersburg, Tbilisi,[12] Termez, Yerevan
Azur Air[14][15] Seasonal charter: Colombo–Bandaranaike,[16] Goa-Dabolim, Hurghada, Malé, Pattaya,[16] Phuket,[16] Sharm El Sheikh
Belavia Homiel,[17] Minsk[18][19]
Conviasa[20] Caracas,[21] Guangzhou,[22] Havana,[23] Porlamar[24]
flydubai Dubai–International
FlyOne Armenia Yerevan[25]
Gazpromavia Bovanenkovo, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Tyumen, Ufa, Ukhta, Yamburg
Georgian Airways Tbilisi[26]
I-Fly[27] Sochi
Seasonal: Kaliningrad
Iraqi Airways Baghdad
Nesma Airlines Hurghada[28]
Pegasus Airlines Antalya, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, İzmir
Pobeda Abu Dhabi,[29] Alanya-Gazipaşa, Antalya, Chelyabinsk, Dubai–International, Gyumri, Istanbul,[30] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Kaliningrad, Makhachkala, Mineralnye Vody, Novosibirsk, Osh,[31] Perm, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Samarqand,[32] Saratov, Sochi, Tashkent,[33] Tyumen, Ufa, Ulyanovsk–Baratayevka, Yekaterinburg
Rossiya Airlines Saint Petersburg
RusLine Tambov, Yaroslavl,[34] Yoshkar-Ola (suspended)[35]
SCAT Airlines Almaty, Astana,[36] Şymkent
Shirak Avia Yerevan[37]
Somon Air Dushanbe
Syrian Air Damascus (suspended)[38]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Utair Baku, Bukhara, Dubai–Al Maktoum,[39] Dushanbe, Fergana, Ganja, Grozny, Khanty-Mansiysk, Kogalym, Krasnoyarsk–International, Makhachkala, Mineralnye Vody, Nakhchivan, Naryan-Mar, Noyabrsk, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Samarqand, Sochi, Surgut, Syktyvkar, Tashkent, Tyumen, Ufa, Ukhta, Usinsk, Vladikavkaz,[40] Yerevan
UVT Aero Bugulma,[41] Kazan, Novosibirsk, Tobolsk[41]
Uzbekistan Airways Bukhara, Fergana, Namangan, Navoiy, Nukus, Qarshi, Samarqand, Tashkent, Termez, Urgench[42]
Vologda Aviation Enterprise Vologda
Yakutia Airlines Mineralnye Vody,[43] Neryungri, Sochi, Yakutsk

Statistics

[edit]

Annual traffic

[edit]
Annual passenger traffic at VKO airport. See Wikidata query.
Annual Passenger Traffic[44]
Year Passengers % Change
2010 09,460,292 Steady
2011 08,197,162 Decrease 13.4%
2012 09,699,452 Increase 18.3%
2013 11,175,142 Increase 15.2%
2014 12,733,118 Increase 14.0%
2015 15,815,129 Increase 24.2%
2016 13,946,688 Decrease 11.8%
2017 18,139,000 Increase 30.1%
2018 21,478,000 Increase 18.4%
2019 24,001,521 Increase 14.4%
2020 12,565,241 Decrease 47.4%
2021 17,999,084 Increase 43.2%
2022 16,400,000 Decrease 08.9%
2023 14,500,000 Decrease 11.6%

Ground transportation

[edit]

Rail

[edit]
A double-deck Aeroexpress ESh2, at Vnukovo Airport train station

Before 31 July 2024 Aeroexpress direct line was connecting Vnukovo Airport and Kiyevsky Rail Terminal in Moscow city centre (operations launched in August 2005). Since 1 August 2024 railway line is only served by Central Suburban Passenger Company.[45]

Bus

[edit]

Moscow city can be reached by the municipal Mosgortrans bus lines: 611 - reaches two consecutive stations (Troparyovo and Yugo-Zapadnaya) of Moscow Metro Sokolnicheskaya Line, 611k (Russian: 611к) reaches only the nearest Salaryevo station of Moscow Metro Sokolnicheskaya Line, but avoids the often congested crossing with MKAD road; nearby Rumyantsevo station is only easily accessible on the way to the airport, not away from it. The fare is 50 rubles (as of September, 2016; eq. to 0.77 US$), travel time 20-35 min. by schedule.
Private marshrutka line 45 also serves this direction. One-way journey costs 150 rubles (as of February 2016; eq. to 2 US$). Due to heavy traffic in Moscow, journey takes 15 minutes to 1 hour.

Taxi

[edit]

Several taxi services to Moscow city and suburbs are available at the airport. Uber, Gett, Yandex.Taxi and local transportation network companies offer flat rate trips to anywhere in Moscow.

Metro

[edit]
The project of the Vnukovo Metro Station, that was opened in 2023

Since 6 September 2023 Airport is served by "Aeroport Vnukovo" Metro station, terminus of Moscow Metro Line 8a (Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya Line).

Other facilities

[edit]

Previously Vnukovo Airlines had its head office at the airport.[46]

Ownership

[edit]

The airport is co-owned by the Russian state and Russian businessman Vitaly Vantsev and his partners. In March 2018, Qatar Airways announced plans to buy a 25 percent stake in Vnukovo Airport.[47]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On 21 December 1943, a Lisunov Li-2 crashed while on a training flight due to a defect in the left rear fuel tank.[48]
  • On 4 March 1944, Douglas C-47A crashed into a Bell P-39Q Airacobra on the ground while attempting to execute a go-around.[49]
  • On 5 November 1946, Douglas C-47B crashed after the crew decided to go-around some 300 m (980 ft) past a landing sign. The aircraft was flying low and engine power was sharply increased. The aircraft went into a steep climb, lost speed and crashed 600 m (2,000 ft) from the landing sign.[50]
  • On 5 November 1946, an Aeroflot-Lithuania Lisunov Li-2 crashed due to fuel exhaustion after repeated approach attempts while in a holding pattern.[51]
  • On 1 July 1947, an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-12 crashed after the left engine failed on takeoff, causing a loss of airspeed.[52]
  • On 29 March 1951, an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-12P crashed during which the right propeller struck the top of a radio tower.[53]
  • On 14 June 1957, an Ilyushin Il-14P operating LOT Polish Airlines Flight 232 crashed after the crew did not follow instruction to use an instrument approach.[54]
  • On 4 November 1957, an Ilyushin Il-14P belonging to the Romanian Government crashed on approach in the fog.[55] Grigore Preoteasa, who was the minister of foreign affairs at the time, was killed, as was the aircraft's crew.
  • On 2 September 1959, an Ilyushin Il-18B suffered significant structural damage, forcing it to make an emergency landing. The aircraft was written off.[56]
  • On 23 October 1959, Aeroflot Flight 200 crashed in a forest on approach and was destroyed by fire, killing 28 of the 29 people aboard.[57]
  • On 26 August 1969, an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-18B crashed after the crew forgot to lower the landing gear, killing 16 passengers.[58]
  • On 10 October 1971, Aeroflot Flight 773 crashed shortly after takeoff when an explosive device on board detonated, killing all 25 people aboard.[59]
  • On 3 January 1976, Aeroflot Flight 2003, a Tupolev Tu-124, crashed 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) west of Vnukovo Airport after both artificial horizons failed in IMC.
  • On 17 March 1979, Aeroflot Flight 1691 crashed 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) away from the runway while attempting to return to the airport.[60]
  • On 2 June 1980, a Soviet Air Force Antonov An-22A suffered an in-flight fire and crashed short of the runway.[61]
  • On 16 January 2010, Utair Boeing 737-500 VQ-BAC departed the runway on landing and was substantially damaged when the nosewheel collapsed.[62]
  • On 29 December 2012, a Red Wings TU-204 overran the runway hitting the M3 highway. The aircraft burst into flames and broke into three pieces, with dashcam footage showing a car being hit by the debris. Five people were killed.[63]
  • On 20 October 2014, a Dassault Falcon 50 collided on take-off with a snow plow, killing all four people on board, including the CEO of Total S.A. oil and gas company Christophe de Margerie.
  • In 2021, a young male passenger murdered a female airline staff member at the airport. They were said to have arranged a rendezvous after a flight. He fled and was caught after a few days on the run.[64]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Авиакомпания "РусЛайн" меняет аэропорт базирования в Москве. www.rusline.aero (in Russian). Airline "RusLine". Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  2. ^ "Объемы перевозок через аэропорты России" [Transportation volumes at Russian airports]. www.favt.ru (in Russian). Federal Air Transport Agency. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  3. ^ "Airport Insights Report: Top 10 European airports for 2022 and 2023 outlook". CTC - Corporate Travel Community. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Advertising to the super-rich: Posters for plutocrats". The Economist. Aug 3, 2013.
  5. ^ "Vnukovo international airport". Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  6. ^ "vnukovo.ru – Facts and figures". Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  7. ^ "Vnukovo Airport passenger statistics for 2017". Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Growth at Vnukovo". Airliner World: 12. May 2014.
  9. ^ "Vnukovo international airport". Retrieved 20 January 2015.[dead link‍]
  10. ^ "Home". Aero Nomad.
  11. ^ "On February 10, the domestic Aero Nomad Airlines operated the first regular flight Osh-Moscow-Osh, thereby increasing the number of regular flights from Osh to Moscow". Aero Nomad Airlines. 10 February 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  12. ^ a b "Azimuth Adds Moscow – Georgia Routes in NW23". AeroRoutes. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  13. ^ Liu, Jim (25 September 2024). "Azimuth late-Sep 2024 Caucasus Network Expansion". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  14. ^ "Flight map". azurair.ru.
  15. ^ "TUI Flight Program". agent.tui.ru.
  16. ^ a b c "AZUR Air Expands Phuket Network in NW23". AeroRoutes. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  17. ^ "Belavia Adds Gomel – Moscow Service From late-Oct 2023". AeroRoutes. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  18. ^ "Belavia resumes Moscow Vnukovo service from mid-July 2022". AeroRoutes. July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  19. ^ "Belavia Increases Minsk – Moscow Vnukovo Flights From late-July 2023". AeroRoutes. 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  20. ^ "Russian Government Announces New Moscow-Caracas Route". airwaysmag.com. 25 March 2021.
  21. ^ "Conviasa Extends Havana – Moscow Service into 2024". AeroRoutes. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  22. ^ Liu, Jim (11 December 2024). "Conviasa Schedules Guangzhou Launch in late-Dec 2024". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  23. ^ "Conviasa Plans Havana – Moscow Service From mid-June 2023". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  24. ^ "Conviasa NS24 Moscow Operations". AeroRoutes. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  25. ^ "FLYONE | News".
  26. ^ "Georgian Airways to launch Tbilisi-Moscow-Tbilisi flights from May 20". Interpressnews. 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  27. ^ "I-Fly Destinations". iflyltd.ru. 20 June 2018.
  28. ^ Shatin, Ilya (2 October 2024). "Nesma Airlines полетит в Хургаду из Москвы — FrequentFlyers.ru" (in Russian). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  29. ^ "Pobeda Adds Moscow – Abu Dhabi Service in NW23". AeroRoutes. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  30. ^ Liu, Jim. "Pobeda increases Istanbul flights form Nov 2020". Routesonline. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  31. ^ ""Победа" открыла продажи на новый международный рейс – в Киргизию". pobeda.aero (in Russian). Pobeda Airlines LLC, Aeroflot Group. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  32. ^ ""Победа" открыла продажу билетов на новый международный рейс – Москва-Ташкент". pobeda.aero (in Russian). Pobeda Airlines LLC, Aeroflot Group. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  33. ^ "Pobeda Adds Moscow – Tashkent From April 2024". AeroRoutes. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  34. ^ "Авиарейсы из Ярославля в Москву открываются с 18 октября". НИА-Волга. 7 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
  35. ^ ЭШКИНИНА, ВАЛЕРИЯ (1 October 2023). "Взлетная полоса аэропорта Йошкар-Олы закрылась на ремонт". Общественно-политическое сетевое издание «Марийская правда». Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  36. ^ Liu, Jim (24 June 2019). "SCAT adds Nur-Sultan – Moscow service from July 2019". Routesonline. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  37. ^ "Shirak Avia Expands Russia Network in 4Q22". Aeroroutes. 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  38. ^ "Rebels said to enter Damascus as army reportedly abandons airport". www.timesofisrael.com. The Times of Israel. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  39. ^ Liu, Jim (22 October 2024). "Utair Adds Moscow – Dubai Service in NW24". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  40. ^ "Utair NS24 Network Additions". AeroRoutes. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  41. ^ a b "Авиакомпания UVT aero возобновляет полетную программу из аэропорта Внуково". Vnukovo International Airport (in Russian). 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  42. ^ "Uzbekistan Airways Moscow Service Changes From Oct 2023". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  43. ^ Liu, Jim. "Yakutia W19 Domestic network additions". Routes. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  44. ^ Аэропорт Внуково в 2018 году стал вторым в Европе по приросту пассажиропотока. corp.vnukovo.ru (in Russian).
  45. ^ "Aeroexpress completes operation on the route "Kievsky railway station - Vnukovo airport"". Aeroexpress. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  46. ^ Accident Investigation Board Norway (2 November 1999). "Report on the Accident to Vnukovo Airline's Tupolev Tu-154M RA 85621 Near Svalbard Airport Longyear, Norway on 29 August 1996". Retrieved 21 August 2014. p. 4/121. "Owner: Vnukovo Airlines 1st Ulitsa Relsovaya 12 Vnukovo Airport Moscow, 103027, Russia"
  47. ^ "Qatar Airways plans to buy stake in Russian airport as emir visits Moscow". Reuters.com. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-03.
  48. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Lisunov Li-2 CCCP-L4032 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  49. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-47A-1-DK (DC-3) CCCP-L875 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  50. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas C-47B-5-DK (DC-3) CCCP-L946 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  51. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Lisunov Li-2 CCCP-L4207 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  52. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 12P CCCP-L1317 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  53. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 12P CCCP-L1313 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  54. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 14P SP-LNF Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  55. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 14P YR-PCC Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  56. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 18B CCCP-75676 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  57. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 14P CCCP-41806 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  58. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 18B CCCP-75708 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  59. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev 104B CCCP-42490 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  60. ^ "Tupolev Tu-104B accident Mar 17 1979". Aviation Safety Network.
  61. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov 22A CCCP-09311 Moskva-Vnukovo Airport (VKO)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  62. ^ "Recent accidents / incidents worldwide". JACDEC. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  63. ^ "TU-204 RA-64047 29.12.2012". mak-iac.org. Interstate Aviation Committee. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  64. ^ "Flight attendant strangled to death during hotel meet-up". 29 May 2021.
[edit]

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