French
DeutschMount Zuqualla
| Mount Zuqualla | |
|---|---|
| Zuquala, Zikwala, Cuqqaalaa | |
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,010 m (9,880 ft)[1] |
| Prominence | 1,150 m (3,770 ft) |
| Listing | Volcanoes of Ethiopia Ribu |
| Coordinates | 8°32′N 38°51′E / 8.53°N 38.85°E |
| Geography | |
 | |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | Pleistocene[2] |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu |
Mount Zuqualla (also spelled Zuquala, Zikwala or Chuqqaala) is an extinct volcano in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Situated in Ada'a Chukala woreda of the East Shewa Zone, it rises from the plain 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Bishoftu. With a height of 3,010 metres (9,875 ft), it is known for its crater lake, lake Dembel, an elliptical crater lake with a maximum diameter of about one kilometre, but the trail around the crater is about 6 km long.[3]
History
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In the middles ages, this region was part of the Ifat Sultanate and had a considerable Muslim population until the region was conquered by Amda Seyon I.[4][5] In 1450, Mount Zuqualla appears on the Fra Mauro map.[6] 16th century Arab writer Arab Faqih said that the territory around Mount Zuqualla was inhabited by a tribe of "polytheists" known as the Maya.[7]
The lake in the crater has an island monastery, said to have been founded by Gebre Menfes Kidus on the site of a hermitage used by Saint Mercurius. This monastery was destroyed, and a church at the foot of the mountain looted, by Imam Ahmad Gragn of Adal Sultanate in 1531; two churches were later built at the monastery, one dedicated to Gebre Menfes Kidus built by Menelik II in 1880 and designed by the Italian Sebastian Castagna, and the other dedicated to Kidane Mihret built during the reign of Haile Selassie.[3] Various other holy sites are found around the mountain, mostly rock formations, while the monastery is the site of a biannual festival.
The explorers Orazio Antinori, Antonelli and Antonio Cecchi used Zuqualla to determine various geographical locations in May 1881. Dr Scott, on behalf of Cambridge University and the British Museum, secured a large and valuable entomological collection near Zuqualla in 1926. In 1937 during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War the area was the site of fierce fighting between the Italians and local Ethiopian Arbegnoch. Three of the leaders of the attempted 1960 Ethiopian coup fled to Zuqualla from the capital, where the Moja family had land. Two of them lost their lives 24 December while Mengistu Neway, seriously wounded, was captured and brought to the capital for trial.[3]
Today both the mountain and the lake is a holy site are considered holy to both Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the local Oromos living nearby.[8] The ambivalent attitude regarding the holiness of the mountain is seen in the Oromo proverb: "Those who live far away worship it, those who live nearby plow it."
References
[edit]- ^ "World Ribus – Ethiopian Highlands". World Ribus. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
- ^ "Global Volcanism Program | Zikwala".
- ^ a b c Compiled by Bernhard Lindahl. "Local History in Ethiopia" (PDF). The Nordic Africa Institute. p. 4. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ Ethiopian Itineraries Circa 1400-1524. 2010.
- ^ Huntingford, G.W.B (1955). "Arabic Inscriptions in Southern Ethiopia". Antiquity. 29 (116). Cambridge University Press: 230–233. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00021955.
- ^ Quinn, David (January 1994). The European Outthrust and Encounter The First Phase C.1400-c.1700 : Essays in Tribute to David Beers Quinn on His 85th Birthday. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85323-229-2.
- ^ Chekroun, Amélie. Le" Futuh al-Habasa" : écriture de l'histoire, guerre et société dans le Bar Sa'ad ad-din (Ethiopie, XVIe siècle). Université Panthéon-Sorbonne. pp. 255–256.
- ^ Henze, Paul B. (2000). Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia. New York: Hurst & Company. p. 8. ISBN 9781850655220.
External links
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