Elvira's Movie Macabre
Elvira's Movie Macabre | |
---|---|
Also known as | Movie Macabre with Elvira, Mistress of the Dark |
Genre | Comedy Horror Science fiction |
Presented by | Cassandra Peterson |
Starring | Cassandra Peterson John Paragon |
Country of origin | United States |
Original language | English |
No. of seasons | 5 |
No. of episodes | 140 |
Original release | |
Network | KHJ-TV (1981–86) |
Release | September 26, 1981 November 2, 1986 | –
Elvira's Movie Macabre (titled on-screen as Movie Macabre with Elvira, Mistress of the Dark in its original run), or simply Movie Macabre, is an American hosted horror movie television program that originally aired locally from 1981 to 1986. The show features B movies, particularly those in the horror and science fiction genres, and is hosted by Elvira, a character with a black dress and heaven bump hairstyle, played by Cassandra Peterson. Elvira occasionally interrupts the films with comments and jokes, and in some episodes receives phone calls from a character called "the Breather" (John Paragon).
The popularity of the show led to a feature film, Elvira: Mistress of the Dark, which was released in 1988. The character returned in the 2001 film Elvira's Haunted Hills. The show was revived in 2010 as Elvira's Movie Macabre, in which Elvira hosted public domain films. This revival aired on This TV until 2011. Elvira returned as a horror hostess in 2014 with 13 Nights of Elvira, a 13-episode series produced by Hulu. In 2021, she recreated her show for a one-night movie marathon on the streaming service Shudder to celebrate the show's 40th anniversary. The special was called Elvira's 40th Anniversary, Very Scary, Very Special Special.
History
[edit]In 1981, six years after the death of Larry Vincent, who starred as host Sinister Seymour of a Los Angeles weekend horror show called Fright Night, show producers began to bring the show back.[1]
The producers decided to use a hostess. They asked 1950s' horror hostess Maila Nurmi to revive The Vampira Show. Nurmi worked on the project for a short time, but quit when the producers would not hire Lola Falana to play Vampira.[2] The station sent out a casting call, and Peterson auditioned and won the role. Producers left it up to her to create the role's image. She and her best friend, Robert Redding, came up with the sexy goth/vampire look after producers rejected her original idea to look like Sharon Tate's character in The Fearless Vampire Killers.[3] They created the Elvira look by drawing inspiration from a Kabuki makeup book and the hairstyles of The Ronettes.[4][5]
Shortly before the first taping, producers received a cease and desist letter from Nurmi. Besides the similarities in the format and costumes, Elvira's closing line for each show, wishing her audience "Unpleasant dreams," was notably similar to Vampira's closer: "Bad dreams, darlings..." uttered as she walked off down a misty corridor. The court ruled in favor of Peterson, holding that "'likeness' means actual representation of another person's appearance, and not simply close resemblance." Peterson claimed that Elvira was nothing like Vampira aside from the basic design of the black dress and black hair. Nurmi claimed that Vampira's image was based on Morticia Addams, a character in Charles Addams's cartoons that appeared in The New Yorker magazine.[6]
Peterson's Elvira character rapidly gained notice with her tight-fitting, low-cut, cleavage-displaying black gown. Adopting the flippant tone of a California "Valley girl", she brought a satirical, sarcastic edge to her commentary. She reveled in dropping risqué double entendres and making frequent jokes about her cleavage. In an AOL Entertainment News interview, Peterson said, "I figured out that Elvira is me when I was a teenager. She's a spastic girl. I just say what I feel and people seem to enjoy it." Her camp humor, sex appeal, and good-natured self-mockery made her popular with late-night movie viewers and her popularity soared.[7]
Elvira was a frequent guest on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and other talk shows. She also produced a long-running series of Halloween-themed television commercials for Coors Light Beer and Mug Root Beer (her trademark cleavage was concealed for the Coors campaign). She appeared in guest roles on television dramas such as CHiPs, The Fall Guy and Fantasy Island and appeared on numerous awards shows as a presenter. Although she is known primarily as Elvira, Peterson has made out-of-costume appearances as herself for television interviews and specials.
Two million pairs of $0.99 3D glasses were reportedly sold for the 22 May 1982, broadcast of The Mad Magician.[8]
In 1982, with the success of Movie Macabre, Knott's Theme Parks hired Elvira to replace Seymour as the host of its annual Halloween Haunt during October. Elvira appeared nightly at the park, live on stage with a Halloween-themed musical comedy revue similar to her Mamma's Boys act from the 1970s.
The Elvira character rapidly evolved from obscure cult figure to a lucrative brand name. She was associated with many products through the 1980s and 1990s, including Halloween costumes, comic books,[9][10] action figures, trading cards, pinball machines, Halloween decor, model kits, calendars, perfume and dolls. She has appeared on the cover of Femme Fatales magazine five times. Her popularity reached its zenith with the release of the feature film Elvira, Mistress of the Dark, on whose script, written directly for the screen, Peterson collaborated with John Paragon and Sam Egan.[11]
Episode list
[edit]Season 1
[edit]Episode | Film shown | Ep # | Date |
---|---|---|---|
01 | Grave of the Vampire | 1 | September 26, 1981 |
02 | Silent Night, Bloody Night | 2 | October 3, 1981 |
03 | The House That Screamed | 3 | October 10, 1981 |
04 | The Fall of the House of Usher | 4 | October 17, 1981 |
05 | The Dunwich Horror | 5 | October 25, 1981 |
06 | Blacula | 6 | November 1, 1981 |
07 | The Comedy of Terrors | 7 | November 7, 1981 |
08 | The Thing with Two Heads | 8 | November 15, 1981 |
09 | The Werewolf of Washington | 9 | November 21, 1981 |
10 | Cry of the Banshee | 10 | November 29, 1981 |
11 | Count Yorga, Vampire | 11 | December 5, 1981 |
12 | Murders in the Rue Morgue | 12 | December 12, 1981 |
13 | Baron Blood | 13 | December 27, 1981 |
14 | Dr. Jekyll and Sister Hyde | 14 | January 3, 1982 |
15 | The Crimson Cult | 15 | January 10, 1982 |
16 | The Murder Clinic | 16 | January 16, 1982 |
17 | Horror Express | 17 | January 23, 1982 |
18 | The Incredible 2-Headed Transplant | 18 | January 30, 1982 |
19 | Horror Hospital | 19 | February 6, 1982 |
20 | Rattlers | 20 | February 13, 1982 |
21 | Disciple of Death | 21 | February 20, 1982 |
22 | Frankenstein | 22 | February 28, 1982 |
23 | The Devil's Rain | 23 | March 6, 1982 |
24 | Psychic Killer | 24 | March 13, 1982 |
25 | Necromancy | 25 | March 20, 1982 |
26 | The Spectre of Edgar Allan Poe | 26 | March 27, 1982 |
30 | The Deathmaster | 30 | April 1, 1982 |
27 | Peeping Tom | 27 | April 3, 1982 |
28 | Legacy of Blood | 28 | April 10, 1982 |
29 | Deathdream | 29 | April 18, 1982 |
31 | Beware! The Blob | 31 | May 1, 1982 |
32 | Good Against Evil | 32 | May 8, 1982 |
33 | The Brotherhood of Satan | 33 | May 15, 1982 |
34 | The Mad Magician | 34 | May 22, 1982 |
35 | The Turn of the Screw | 35 | May 22, 1982 |
36 | Count Dracula's Great Love | 36 | May 29, 1982 |
37 | Jennifer | 37 | June 12, 1982 |
38 | Masque of the Red Death | 38 | June 19, 1982 |
39 | The Tomb of Ligeia | 39 | June 26, 1982 |
40 | The Incredible Melting Man | 40 | July 3, 1982 |
41 | The Fearless Vampire Killers | 41 | July 10, 1982 |
42 | Terror House | 42 | July 17, 1982 |
43 | The Baby | 43 | July 24, 1982 |
44 | The House of Seven Corpses | 44 | July 31, 1982 |
45 | Psychomania | 45 | August 7, 1982 |
46 | Whoever Slew Auntie Roo? | 46 | August 14, 1982 |
Season 2
[edit]Episode | Film shown | Ep # | Date |
---|---|---|---|
01 | War-Gods of the Deep | 47 | September 4, 1982 |
02 | The Oblong Box | 48 | September 11, 1982 |
03 | The Raven | 49 | September 25, 1982 |
04 | The Conqueror Worm | 50 | October 2, 1982 |
05 | And Now the Screaming Starts! | 51 | October 9, 1982 |
06 | Blood from the Mummy's Tomb | 52 | October 16, 1982 |
07 | Madhouse | 53 | October 23, 1982 |
08 | The House That Dripped Blood | 54 | October 30, 1982 |
09 | Tales of Terror | 55 | October 30, 1982 |
10 | The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde | 56 | November 7, 1982 |
11 | The Day It Came to Earth | 57 | November 13, 1982 |
12 | The Blood on Satan's Claw | 58 | November 20, 1982 |
13 | Crucible of Horror | 59 | November 27, 1982 |
14 | Dr. Black, Mr. Hyde | 60 | December 4, 1982 |
15 | The Devil Within Her | 61 | December 12, 1982 |
16 | The Bat People | 62 | December 19, 1982 |
17 | The Return of Count Yorga | 63 | January 1, 1983 |
18 | Inn of the Frightened People | 64 | January 8, 1983 |
19 | Craze | 65 | January 29, 1983 |
20 | The Monster Club | 66 | February 6, 1983 |
21 | The Creature's Revenge | 67 | February 12, 1983 |
22 | Beast of the Dead | 68 | February 19, 1983 |
23 | The Island of Living Horror | 69 | February 27, 1983 |
24 | The Devil's Wedding Night | 70 | March 5, 1983 |
25 | The Torture Chamber of Dr. Sadism | 71 | March 12, 1983 |
26 | Curse of the Vampires | 72 | March 20, 1983 |
27 | The Vampire People | 73 | March 26, 1983 |
28 | Scream and Scream Again | 74 | April 2, 1983 |
29 | The Human Vapor | 75 | April 9, 1983 |
30 | Lemora: A Child's Tale of the Supernatural | 76 | April 16, 1983 |
31 | The Haunted Palace | 77 | June 18, 1983 |
32 | The Doomsday Machine | 78 | August 27, 1983 |
Season 3
[edit]Episode | Film shown | Ep # | Date |
---|---|---|---|
01 | They Came from Beyond Space | 79 | September 17, 1983 |
02 | Blue Sunshine | 80 | October 1, 1983 |
03 | Screamers | 81 | October 29, 1983 |
04 | Willard | 82 | November 5, 1983 |
05 | The Time Travelers | 83 | November 12, 1983 |
06 | Maneater of Hydra | 84 | November 20, 1983 |
07 | They Came From Within | 85 | December 11, 1983 |
08 | Gamera: Super Monster | 86 | December 24, 1983 |
09 | New Year's Evil | 87 | December 31, 1983 |
10 | Homebodies | 88 | January 28, 1984 |
11 | Dracula | 89 | February 4, 1984 |
12 | Attack of the Killer Tomatoes | 90 | March 3, 1984 |
13 | Dr. Heckyl and Mr. Hype | 91 | March 17, 1984 |
14 | Alien Contamination | 92 | March 24, 1984 |
15 | Village of the Damned | 93 | April 14, 1984 |
16 | Monstroid | 94 | May 12, 1984 |
17 | The Beast in the Cellar | 95 | May 19, 1984 |
18 | The House of the Dead | 96 | May 26, 1984 |
19 | Circus of Horrors | 97 | June 10, 1984 |
20 | Pigs | 98 | June 17, 1984 |
21 | Schizoid | 99 | June 24, 1984 |
22 | The Godsend | 100 | June 30, 1984 |
23 | Blood Bath | 101 | July 8, 1984 |
24 | Kiss Daddy Goodbye | 102 | July 14, 1984 |
25 | The Love War | 103 | July 28, 1984 |
26 | The Human Duplicators | 104 | August 5, 1984 |
27 | Mark of the Devil | 105 | August 11, 1984 |
28 | So Sad About Gloria | 106 | August 19, 1984 |
29 | Night of the Zombies | 107 | August 26, 1984 |
Season 4
[edit]Episode | Film shown | Ep # | Date |
---|---|---|---|
01 | Inn of the Damned | 108 | September 1, 1984 |
02 | Tombs of the Blind Dead | 109 | September 8, 1984 |
03 | Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks | 110 | September 15, 1984 |
04 | The Capture of Bigfoot | 111 | September 22, 1984 |
05 | Village of the Giants | 112 | November 3, 1984 |
06 | The Legend of Hell House | 113 | November 10, 1984 |
07 | The Other | 114 | November 25, 1984 |
08 | The Navy vs. the Night Monsters | 115 | December 1, 1984 |
09 | The Last Bride of Salem | 116 | January 12, 1985 |
10 | Yeti: The Giant of the 20th Century | 117 | February 9, 1985 |
11 | The Revenge of Frankenstein | 118 | March 10, 1985 |
12 | Curse of Bigfoot | 119 | March 24, 1985 |
13 | The Great Alligator | 120 | May 4, 1985 |
Season 5
[edit]Episode | Film shown | Ep # | Date |
---|---|---|---|
01 | House of Dark Shadows | 121 | June 22, 1986 |
02 | The Horror of Death | 122 | June 29, 1986 |
03 | Kill and Go Hide | 123 | July 6, 1986 |
04 | The Legend of Lizzie Borden | 124 | July 13, 1986 |
05 | The Mad Butcher | 125 | July 20, 1986 |
06 | The Meateater | 126 | July 27, 1986 |
07 | The Mighty Gorga | 127 | August 3, 1986 |
08 | Scream, Baby, Scream | 128 | August 10, 1986 |
09 | Straight Jacket | 129 | August 17, 1986 |
10 | They Saved Hitler's Brain | 130 | August 24, 1986 |
11 | Tomb of the Living Dead | 131 | August 31, 1986 |
12 | The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll | 132 | September 7, 1986 |
13 | The Boy Who Cried Werewolf | 133 | September 14, 1986 |
14 | Let's Scare Jessica to Death | 134 | September 21, 1986 |
15 | Horror of the Zombies | 135 | September 28, 1986 |
16 | House of the Long Shadows | 136 | October 5, 1986 |
17 | Children Shouldn't Play with Dead Things | 137 | October 12, 1986 |
18 | Empire of the Ants | 138 | October 19, 1986 |
19 | Nightwing | 139 | October 26, 1986 |
20 | Nightmare City | 140 | November 2, 1986 |
Revivals
[edit]Midnight Madness (1990s)
[edit]In the 1990s, Rhino Home Video released Midnight Madness, a collection of films hosted by Elvira, on VHS.[12]
- Eegah
- Frankenstein's Daughter
- Killers from Space
- The Giant Gila Monster
- The Mask
- She Demons
- Night of the Ghouls
- I Eat Your Skin
- The Brain That Wouldn't Die
- The Brain from Planet Arous
- A Bucket of Blood
- The Crawling Hand
- The Wasp Woman
- The Hideous Sun Demon
- Missile to the Moon
Elvira's Movie Macabre (2010–11)
[edit]In September 2010, Elvira's Movie Macabre returned to television syndication in the United States, airing on This TV.[13] This revival saw Elvira hosting public domain films. 26 episodes were produced; six were left unaired, but were released on both DVD and iTunes.
s#e# | Film shown | ep | Week of |
---|---|---|---|
s1e01 | Night of the Living Dead | 1 | September 20, 2010 |
s1e02 | The Terror | 2 | September 27, 2010 |
s1e03 | The Giant Gila Monster | 3 | October 4, 2010 |
s1e04 | The Brain That Wouldn't Die | 4 | October 11, 2010 |
s1e05 | The Satanic Rites of Dracula | 5 | October 18, 2010 |
s1e06 | Scared to Death | 6 | October 25, 2010 |
s1e07 | The Werewolf of Washington | 7 | November 1, 2010 |
s1e08 | Eegah | 8 | November 8, 2010 |
s1e09 | Teenagers from Outer Space | 9 | November 15, 2010 |
s1e10 | Santa Claus Conquers the Martians | 10 | December 20, 2010 |
s1e11 | I Eat Your Skin | 11 | January 17, 2011 |
s1e12 | Don't Look in the Basement | 12 | January 24, 2011 |
s1e13 | Untamed Women | 13 | January 31, 2011 |
s1e14 | Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter | 14 | February 7, 2011 |
s1e15 | Lady Frankenstein | 15 | February 14, 2011 |
s1e16 | The Manster | 16 | February 21, 2011 |
s1e17 | Tormented | 17 | April 25, 2011 |
s1e18 | Manos: The Hands of Fate | 18 | May 2, 2011 |
s1e19 | Hercules and the Captive Women | 19 | May 9, 2011 |
s1e20 | A Bucket of Blood | 20 | May 16, 2011 |
s1e21 | Attack of the Giant Leeches | 21 | unaired |
s1e22 | Beast from Haunted Cave | 22 | unaired |
s1e23 | Monster from a Prehistoric Planet | 23 | unaired |
s1e24 | The Killer Shrews | 24 | unaired |
s1e25 | The Wasp Woman | 25 | unaired |
s1e26 | The Wild Women of Wongo | 26 | unaired |
13 Nights of Elvira (2014)
[edit]13 Nights of Elvira was produced for Hulu by Brainstorm Media. A new episode streamed each day through Halloween.[14] The series teamed with film distributor Full Moon Features; it provided the majority of the films chosen for the series.
Episode | Film shown | Date |
---|---|---|
01 | Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death | October 19, 2014 |
02 | Puppet Master | October 20, 2014 |
03 | Demonic Toys | October 21, 2014 |
04 | Hobgoblins | October 22, 2014 |
05 | The Gingerdead Man | October 23, 2014 |
06 | Dollman | October 24, 2014 |
07 | Trancers | October 25, 2014 |
08 | Oblivion | October 26, 2014 |
09 | Shrunken Heads | October 27, 2014 |
10 | Hideous! | October 28, 2014 |
11 | Evil Bong | October 29, 2014 |
12 | Seedpeople | October 30, 2014 |
13 | Night of the Living Dead | October 31, 2014 |
Elvira's 40th Anniversary, Very Scary, Very Special Special (2021)
[edit]To celebrate the original show's 40th anniversary, Cassandra Peterson revived her role for a special one-night movie marathon, which premiered live on Shudder, the horror streaming service. The special came out on September 25, 2021, the same week as her memoir, Yours Cruelly, Elvira.[15]
Film shown | Year made | |
---|---|---|
01 | Elvira: Mistress of the Dark | 1988 |
02 | House on Haunted Hill | 1959 |
03 | The City of the Dead | 1960 |
04 | Messiah of Evil | 1973 |
DVD releases
[edit]Time Life
[edit]In 2004, Time Life released a series of special Elvira DVDs titled Elvira's Horror Classics, which was done in a similar fashion to Movie Macabre. There were seven films total in the series. There was a 3-DVD box set for six of the seven films titled Elvira's Box of Horrors. This box set consists of three double feature DVDs. The films featured were all in the public domain. They included:
- The Little Shop of Horrors and The Brain That Wouldn't Die
- Dementia 13 and Carnival of Souls
- House on Haunted Hill and Night of the Living Dead
The films were also released on four stand-alone DVDs. Three of the four DVDs were double features under the Elvira's Horror Classics title. Night Of The Living Dead was a single feature DVD without the Elvira's Horror Classics title branding on the DVD case art. It was titled as Night of the Living Dead "Hosted by Elvira". The disc itself does have the Elvira's Horror Classics branding on it.
- The Little Shop of Horrors and The Brain That Wouldn't Die
- Dementia 13 and Carnival of Souls
- House on Haunted Hill and The Terror
- Night of the Living Dead
Shout! Factory
[edit]Shout! Factory has released a small number of Movie Macabre episodes to DVD, in both single and double feature format. The DVDs allow the material to be shown either complete with Elvira's interruptions or uninterrupted. Unlike the original broadcasts, the films are complete and uncensored.[16]
Single DVDs
[edit]- Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks
- Count Dracula's Great Love
- Legacy of Blood
- The Devil's Wedding Night
- The Doomsday Machine
- The Werewolf of Washington
Double feature DVDs
[edit]- Blue Sunshine and Monstroid
- Gamera: Super Monster and They Came from Beyond Space
- Maneater of Hydra and The House That Screamed
- Count Dracula's Great Love and Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks
- Legacy of Blood and The Devil's Wedding Night
- The Doomsday Machine and The Werewolf of Washington
E1 Entertainment
[edit]Following the revival of Elvira's Movie Macabre in 2011, E1 Entertainment began releasing episodes of the new series on DVD. Unlike the Shout! Factory editions, these films were released in their edited format as aired in syndication.
Single DVDs
[edit]- The Satanic Rites of Dracula
- I Eat Your Skin
- Night of the Living Dead
- The Brain That Wouldn't Die
- Santa Claus Conquers the Martians
- Beast from Haunted Cave (previously unaired)
- The Terror
- Hercules and the Captive Women
- The Wasp Woman (previously unaired)
- The Wild Women of Wongo (previously unaired)
- Untamed Women
Double feature DVDs
[edit]- Night of the Living Dead and I Eat Your Skin
- Satanic Rites of Dracula and The Werewolf of Washington
- The Terror and Eegah
- The Brain That Wouldn't Die and The Manster
- Scared to Death and Tormented
- Lady Frankenstein and Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter
- Santa Claus Conquers the Martians and Beast from Haunted Cave (previously unaired)
Quadruple feature sets
[edit]- Wild Women featuring Untamed Women, The Wild Women of Wongo (previously unaired), Hercules and the Captive Women and The Wasp Woman (previously unaired)
- Giant Monsters featuring The Giant Gila Monster, Attack of the Giant Leeches (previously unaired), Teenagers from Outer Space, and Monster from a Prehistoric Planet (previously unaired)
- Bloody Madness featuring A Bucket of Blood, The Killer Shrews (previously unaired), Manos: The Hands of Fate and Don't Look in the Basement
See also
[edit]- List of films in the public domain in the United States
- List of Cinema Insomnia episodes
- List of Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes
References
[edit]- ^ Boone, Brian (October 23, 2018). "What Elvira, Mistress of the Dark Looks Like Today". Nicki Swift. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ Wax, Alyse (December 11, 2019). "This Day in Horror: Happy Birthday Maila Nurmi aka Vampira". Dread Central. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ Pierce-Bohen, Kayleena (June 2, 2020). "Elvira's Movie Macabre: 10 Things Fans Never Knew About The Horror Show". Screen Rant. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ Stardust, Lisa. "Cassandra Peterson on Elvira's Legacy, Goth Glam, and Feminine Power". InStyle.
- ^ Peterson, Cassandra (24 September 2021). "How the Iconic Late-Night TV Character of Elvira Came to Be". Literary Hub.
- ^ "Nurmi v. Peterson". Vampira: The Movie. March 25, 2007. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ "About Cassandra Peterson". MovieWeb. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ #4784 May 25, 1982 Suzanne Pleshette, Argus Hamilton, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston List of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson episodes (1982)
- ^ Elvira's House of Mystery DC Comics (11 issues) at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Elvira, Mistress of the Dark Claypool Comics (166 issues) at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Pierce-Steinmetz, Johanna (September 30, 1988). "'Elvira' True to Star's Deadpan Humor Trademark". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ "'MST3K' Arms Rhino Home Video". Billboard. Vol. 108, no. 17. April 27, 1996. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ Coplan, Chris (September 30, 2010). "Check Out: The Jack White-produced Theme for Elvira's Movie Macabre". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
- ^ Turek, Ryan (October 2, 2014). "Elvira Heads to Hulu for All-New Series". Shock Till You Drop. Archived from the original on October 5, 2014. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
- ^ Yates, Jonny (September 23, 2010). "Newly-out Queer Icon Elvira celebrates 40th Anniversary with 'Very Special' Event". PinkNews. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
- ^ Klippert, Thor (November 8, 2007). "DVD Review: Elvira's Movie Macabre Double Features". CHUD.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2009.