Murli Manohar Joshi

Murli Manohar Joshi
Minister of Human Resource Development
In office 19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	S. R. Bommai
Succeeded by	Arjun Singh
Union Minister of Home Affairs
In office 16 May 1996 – 1 June 1996
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded by	Shankarrao Chavan
Succeeded by	H. D. Deve Gowda
Union Minister of Science and Technology
In office 19 March 1998 – 21 May 2004
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded by	Kapil Sibal
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
In office 16 May 2014 – 23 May 2019
Preceded by	Sriprakash Jaiswal
Succeeded by	Satyadev Pachauri
Constituency	Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
In office 16 May 2009 – 16 May 2014
Preceded by	Rajesh Kumar Mishra
Succeeded by	Narendra Modi
Constituency	Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
In office 1996—2004
Preceded by	Saroj Dubey
Succeeded by	Rewati Raman Singh
Constituency	Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh[1]
In office 1977–1980
Preceded by	Narendra Singh Bisht
Succeeded by	Harish Rawat
Constituency	Almora, Uttarakhand
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office 5 July 1992 – 11 May 1996
Constituency	Uttar Pradesh
Personal details
Born	(1934-01-05) 5 January 1934 (age 90) Nainital, Uttrakhand
Political party	Bharatiya Janata Party
Other political affiliations	Janata Party[2]
Spouse	Tarla Joshi
Education	BSc, MSc, PhD
Alma mater	University of Allahabad
Awards	Padma Vibhushan (2017)
Signature

Murli Manohar Joshi (born 5 January 1934) is an Indian politician. He is one of the founding members of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) of which he was the President between 1991 and 1993. Joshi is the former Member of Parliament from Kanpur Lok Sabha constituency.^[3] He is a former professor of physics in University of Allahabad. He is one of the senior most leaders of the BJP and one of the founding members. Joshi later became the Union Human Resources & Development Minister in the National Democratic Alliance government.^[4] Joshi was awarded Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian award, in 2017 by the Government of India.^[5] Joshi has been a member of RSS since his college days.

Joshi was born in Delhi on 5 January 1934. His family hails from Almora in Kumaon region, which is now part of the Uttarakhand state. His father's name was Manmohan Joshi. The family belongs to the Brahmin community. In 1966, Joshi was married to Tarla Joshi, a lady of his own community and similar family background, in a match arranged by their families in the usual Indian way. The lifelong marriage has proven entirely harmonious and conventional. The couple are the parents of two daughters, Nivedita and Priyamvada.^[6][7]

Joshi had his early education in Chandpur, district Bijnor and in Almora, from where his family hails. He completed his B.Sc. from Meerut College and M.Sc. from Allahabad University. In Allahabad, one of his teachers was Professor Rajendra Singh, who later became the Sarsanghchalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

Joshi did his doctorate in physics at Allahabad University. The subject of his doctoral thesis was spectroscopy. He published a research paper in Physics in Hindi, which was a first of its kind.^[8] After completing his PhD, Joshi started teaching physics at Allahabad University.^[9]

Joshi came in contact with the RSS in Delhi at a young age and took part in the Cow Protection Movement in 1953–54, in the Kumbh Kisan Andolan of UP in 1955,^[10] demanding halving of land revenue assessment. During the Emergency period (1975–1977) in India, Joshi was in jail from 26 June 1975 until the Lok Sabha elections in 1977. He was elected Member of Parliament from Almora. When the Janata Party (which then included his party) came to power forming the first non-Congress government in Indian history, Joshi was elected General Secretary of the Janata Parliamentary Party. After the fall of the government, his party came out of Janata Party in 1980, and formed the Bharatiya Janata Party or the BJP. Joshi first looked after the Central Office as a General Secretary and later became Party Treasurer. As General Secretary of BJP, he was directly in charge of Bihar, Bengal and North-Eastern States. Later, when BJP formed a government in India under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Joshi served as the Human Resource Development Minister in the cabinet.

In December 1991, Joshi held a yatra, the Ekta Yatra, intended to signal that BJP supported national unity and opposed separatist movements. It began on 11 December in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu and visited 14 states.^[11] The rally's final stop to hoist the Indian flag in Jammu and Kashmir on 26 January 1992 was considered unsuccessful, with minimal local participation.^[12]

Joshi is known to have been influenced by the life and work of Babasaheb Ambedkar, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule and Deendayal Upadhyaya. Joshi was a three-term M.P. from Allahabad before he was defeated in the Lok Sabha elections of May 2004. He won election to the 15th Lok Sabha from Varanasi as a BJP candidate.^[13] He also served as the home minister for 13 days government in 1996. Joshi was appointed as Chairman of the Manifesto Preparation Board of the BJP in 2009. He was honoured as "Proud Past Alumni" of Allahabad University by Allahabad University Alumni Association.^[14][15]

He was a sitting MP from Varanasi and he vacated that seat for Narendra Modi in 2014 Lok Sabha Elections. He later contested from Kanpur and won from the constituency by a margin of 2.23 lac votes.^[16]

• Padma Vibhushan (2017)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Murli Manohar Joshi.

• Reflections... Murli Manohar Joshi's blog (last updated 1 October 2009)