The NDUFA6 gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 22 in position 13.2 and spans 5,359 base pairs.[5] The gene produces an 18 kDa protein composed of 154 amino acids.[7][8] NDUFA6 is a subunit of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), the largest of the respiratory complexes. The structure is L-shaped with a long, hydrophobictransmembrane domain and a hydrophilic domain for the peripheral arm that includes all the known redox centers and the NADH binding site.[6] It has been noted that the N-terminal hydrophobic domain has the potential to be folded into an alpha helix spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane with a C-terminal hydrophilic domain interacting with globular subunits of Complex I. The highly conserved two-domain structure suggests that this feature is critical for the protein function and that the hydrophobic domain acts as an anchor for the NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane. NDUFA6 is one of about 31 hydrophobic subunits that form the transmembrane region of Complex I. The predicted secondary structure is primarily alpha helix, but the carboxy-terminal half of the protein has high potential to adopt a coiled-coil form. The amino-terminal part contains a putative beta sheet rich in hydrophobic amino acids that may serve as mitochondrial import signal. Related pseudogenes have also been identified on four other chromosomes.[5][9][10][11]
The human NDUFA6 gene codes for a subunit of Complex I of the respiratory chain, which transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone.[5] Initially, NADH binds to Complex I and transfers two electrons to the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) prosthetic arm to form FMNH2. The electrons are transferred through a series of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in the prosthetic arm and finally to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), which is reduced to ubiquinol (CoQH2). The flow of electrons changes the redox state of the protein, resulting in a conformational change and pK shift of the ionizable side chain, which pumps four hydrogen ions out of the mitochondrial matrix.[6]
^ abcDonald Voet; Judith G. Voet; Charlotte W. Pratt (2013). "18". Fundamentals of biochemistry : life at the molecular level (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 581–620. ISBN9780470547847.
^Emahazion T, Beskow A, Gyllensten U, Brookes AJ (Nov 1998). "Intron based radiation hybrid mapping of 15 complex I genes of the human electron transport chain". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 82 (1–2): 115–9. doi:10.1159/000015082. PMID9763677. S2CID46818955.
^Emahazion T, Brookes AJ (Nov 1998). "Mapping of the NDUFA2, NDUFA6, NDUFA7, NDUFB8, and NDUFS8 electron transport chain genes by intron based radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 82 (1–2): 114. doi:10.1159/000015081. PMID9763676. S2CID46861680.
^Ton C, Hwang DM, Dempsey AA, Liew CC (Jan 1998). "Identification and primary structure of five human NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunits". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 241 (2): 589–94. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7707. PMID9425316.
Dunbar DR, Shibasaki Y, Dobbie L, et al. (1997). "In situ hybridisation mapping of genomic clones for five human respiratory chain complex I genes". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 78 (1): 21–4. doi:10.1159/000134618. PMID9345899.
Loeffen JL, Triepels RH, van den Heuvel LP, et al. (1999). "cDNA of eight nuclear encoded subunits of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase: human complex I cDNA characterization completed". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 253 (2): 415–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9786. PMID9878551.
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