Flag carrier
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A flag carrier is a transport company, such as an airline or shipping company, that, being locally registered in a given sovereign state, enjoys preferential rights or privileges accorded by the government for international operations.
Historically, the term was used to refer to airlines owned by the government of their home country and associated with the national identity of that country.[1] Such an airline may also be known as a national airline or a national carrier, although this can have different legal meanings in some countries. Today, it is any international airline with a strong connection to its home country or that represents its home country internationally, regardless of whether it is government-owned.[2][3]
Flag carriers may also be known as such due to laws requiring aircraft or ships to display the state flag of the country of their registry.[4] For example, under the law of the United States, a U.S. flag air carrier is any airline that holds a certificate under Section 401 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (i.e., any U.S.-based airline operating internationally),[5] and any ship registered in the United States is known as a U.S. flag vessel.[6]
Background
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/4X-ACA_-_Ekron_Air_Base_ca_27-09-1948.jpg/220px-4X-ACA_-_Ekron_Air_Base_ca_27-09-1948.jpg)
The term "flag carrier" is a legacy of the early days of commercial aviation when governments often took the lead by establishing state-owned airlines because of the high capital costs of running them. However, not all such airlines were government-owned; Pan Am, TWA, Cathay Pacific, Union de Transports Aériens, Canadian Pacific Air Lines and Olympic Airlines were all privately owned, but were considered to be flag carriers[7] as they were the "main national airline"[8] and often a sign of their country's presence abroad.[9][10]
The heavily regulated aviation industry also meant aviation rights are often negotiated between governments, denying airlines access to an open market. These Bilateral Air Transport Agreements similar to the Bermuda I and Bermuda II agreements specify rights awardable only to locally registered airlines, forcing some governments to jump-start airlines to avoid being disadvantaged in the face of foreign competition. Some countries also establish flag carriers such as Israel's El Al[11] or Lebanon's Middle East Airlines[12] for nationalist reasons or to aid the country's economy, particularly in the area of tourism.[13]
In many cases, governments would directly assist in the growth of their flag carriers typically through subsidies and other fiscal incentives. The establishment of competitors in the form of other locally registered airlines may be prohibited or heavily regulated to avoid direct competition.[14] Even where privately run airlines may be allowed to be established, the flag carriers may still be accorded priority, especially in the apportionment of aviation rights to local or international markets.[15]
Near the end of the 20th century, many of these airlines have been corporatized as a public company or a state-owned enterprise, while others have been completely privatized.[16] The aviation industry has also been gradually deregulated and liberalized,[17] permitting greater freedoms of the air particularly in the United States and in the European Union with the signing of the Open Skies agreement.[18] One of the features of such agreements is the right of a country to designate multiple airlines to serve international routes with the result that there is no single "flag carrier".[19]
List of flag-carrying airlines
[edit]The chart below lists airlines considered to be a "flag carrier", based on current or former state ownership or other verifiable designation as a national airline.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Morris, Hugh (17 March 2019). "The slow death of the flag carrier: Could state-owned airlines become a thing of the past?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
Malaysia is the latest nation to see its flag carrier – a label that in times gone by indicated a government-owned airline, and one that embodied a country's national identity – teeter on the brink.
- ^ McMurtry, Ian (25 May 2018). "Palestinian Airlines: The Homeless Flag Carrier". AirlineGeeks.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ Moores, Victoria (24 May 2019). "Interview: CEO aims to make Virgin Atlantic UK's second flag carrier". atwonline.com. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ "flag carrier definition". Businessdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
- ^ "List of U.S. Flag Air Carriers". www.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ "USOcean.com – U.S. Flag Carrier". Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ Paul Stephen Dempsey (1991). "Airline Management; Strategies for the 21st Century". Coast Aire Publication. p. 299.
- ^ "flag airline definition". [MacMillan Dictionary]. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
- ^ Henry Ladd Smith (1991). "Airways Abroad; The Story of American World Air Routes". Smithsonian History of Aviation Series.
- ^ Sampson, Anthony (1984). "Empires of the Sky; The Politics, Contests and Cartels of World Airlines". Hodder and Stoughton.
- ^ Sherman, Arnold (1972). "To the Skies: The El Al Story". Bantam Books.
- ^ Sampson, Anthony (1984). "Empires of the Sky; The Politics, Contests and Cartels of World Airlines". Hodder and Stoughton. p. 82.
- ^ Tim Pat Coogan (2002). "Wherever Green Is Worn: The Story of the Irish Diaspora". Palgrave Macmillan. p. 265.
- ^ David Warnock-Smith and Peter Morrel (2008). "Air transport liberalisation and traffic growth in tourism-dependent economies: A case-history of some US-Caribbean markets". Journal of Air Transport Management 14. p. 230.
- ^ R.E.G. Davies (1987). "Rebels and Reformers of the Airways". Airlife England. pp. 250–254.
- ^ M. Staniland (2003). "Government birds: air transport and the state in Western Europe". Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 68.
- ^ Tai Hoon Oum and A.J. Taylor (1995). "Emerging Patterns in Intercontinental Air Linkages and Implications for International Route Allocation Policy". Transportation Journal, Vol. 34, No. 4 (SUMMER 1995). pp. 5–27.
- ^ "Open Skies Partners". [U.S. State Department]. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ Mastalerek, Joanna (2006). "The Future of the Open Skies Agreements after the ECJ judgements – Legal and Economic Aspects". GRIN Verlag. p. 12.
- ^ "EU To Impose Ban On Afghan Planes". Airwise News. 22 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013.
Kabul-based Safi is the country's No. 2 airline after national carrier Ariana Afghan Airlines.
- ^ De Luce, Dan; Kube, Courtney (8 June 2022). "Biden admin relies on Taliban-controlled airline to help Afghans flee Afghanistan". NBC News. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
the Biden administration indirectly purchases plane tickets in bulk from Ariana Afghan Airlines, the country's state-owned airline
- ^ Dron, Alan (18 September 2018). "New national carrier for Albania launched". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018.
- ^ "Avioni i parë i "Air Albania" ulet në Rinas, Rama: Nisi një epokë e re" (in Albanian). Top Channel. 14 September 2018. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
- ^ "Air Algerie Eyeing African Tie-Ups – CEO". Airwise News. 29 April 2008. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013.
Algeria's national airline Air Algerie is considering tie-ups...
- ^ "Air Algerie to spend $762 million upgrading its fleet". Middle East Online. 14 December 2013. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014.
- ^ "TAAG Angola Airways boosts capacity, justifying Angola's investment in airport infrastructure". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 22 July 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
The investment is beginning to pay dividends with flag carrier TAAG Angola Airlines increasing capacity by nearly 40% in the past year.
- ^ Hofmann, Kurt (6 May 2016). "TAAG Angola Airlines' new 777-300ER to fly on Portugal route". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016.
The Angolan government is the majority shareholder in TAAG.
- ^ a b "Argentina: Aerolineas Argentinas faces a tough turnaround with government's new liberal mindset". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 19 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016.
At the same time, Argentina's state-owned flag carrier Aerolineas Argentinas is attempting to transition to a more commercially minded airline after years of bleeding cash and being propped by the former Argentinian government.
- ^ "The World's Shortest International Jet Flight? Aruba Airlines Launches 8-Minute Flight To Punto Fijo". Airways Magazine. 19 May 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ Dron, Alan (1 September 2017). "Brisbane named second Qantas 787-9 base". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017.
- ^ "Accelerating Change in the 1990s". Qantas. 31 March 2002. Archived from the original on 22 January 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ Hofmann, Kurt (8 August 2017). "Austrian Airlines completes Embraer E195 deliveries". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017.
- ^ "AUA-Verkauf besiegelt: Kranich soll Flügel verleihen". Diepresse.com. 31 March 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ Dron, Alan (30 April 2018). "Azerbaijan Airlines steps up Saudi links". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Azerbaijan Airlines AZAL Airline Profile | CAPA". centreforaviation.com. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ Blachly, Linda (17 June 2015). "Bahamasair orders five ATR -600 aircraft". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015.
Bahamasair, the national flag carrier of Bahamas, has placed a firm order for two 70- seat ATR 72-600s and three 50-seat ATR 42-600s.
- ^ "Gov't considers Bahamasair withdrawal from local market". ch-aviation GmbH. 2 June 2017. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023.
- ^ Dron, Alan (6 April 2018). "Gulf Air reveals new branding, prepares for first 787". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018.
- ^ "Gulf Air". Mumtalakat. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
- ^ Dron, Alan (23 February 2018). "UK restores Bangladesh cargo link, with caveats". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018.
Bangladesh Biman, the national carrier, was the sole airline that handled direct cargo flights to the UK.
- ^ Borodina, Polina (26 June 2014). "Belavia orders three Boeing 737-800s". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014.
This is the first direct purchase of Boeing aircraft for the Belarus flag carrier.
- ^ "Belarus aims to privatise Belavia in 2013, with Russian carriers the most likely suitors". Centre for Aviation. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012.
- ^ Moores, Victoria (22 May 2017). "Brussels Airlines to buy seven Airbus A330ceos". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017.
Belgian flag carrier Brussels Airlines has decided to replace seven of its 10 Airbus A330s, but is sticking with A330ceos for its fleet renewal and long-haul expansion.
- ^ Moores, Victoria (15 May 2018). "Pilot strike forces Brussels Airlines to cancel 75% of flights". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018.
Lufthansa took full control of Brussels Airlines through its parent SN Airholding in late 2016 and replaced top management Feb. 5, as the group revamps the airline to be more closely integrated with Lufthansa Group's Eurowings low-fare division.
- ^ Blachly, Linda (20 April 2018). "Aircraft Briefs-20 April 2018". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018.
Drukair, the flag carrier of Eastern Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan, has signed a purchase agreement for one Airbus A320neo to support its growth plans and complement its existing fleet of three A319s.
- ^ Clark, Oliver (24 April 2016). "ROUTES: Air Nostrum still keen on Latin American growth post-Sol". Kraków: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016.
BoA Regional, a new joint venture in Paraguay with Bolivia's national carrier Boliviana de Aviacion, is "going well" and the airline is busy "developing new routes and working on new traffic rights to Brazil", says Oliver.
- ^ "Boliviana de Aviacion set to expand as re-launch of Aerosur is unlikely due to government roadblocks". Centre for Aviation. 30 June 2012. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
Even though BoA now has a monopoly on domestic trunk routes, it is unlikely the government owned carrier will abuse its new dominant position.
- ^ a b Dron, Alan (3 January 2019). "Air Botswana receives first of two Embraer E170s". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Royal Brunei Airlines takes another step forward as it becomes first 787 operator in Southeast Asia". Centre for Aviation. 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ^ "Bulgaria Air strengthens its European network with new E-Jets, but cost reduction is also essential". 4 June 2012. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
As the national carrier of Bulgaria, Bulgaria Air is based at Sofia Airport and operates scheduled services, ad hoc charter services and business jet transportation.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Air Burkina prend son envol avec le gouvernement burkinabè". VOA (in French). 28 May 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ "Cambodia poised for more double-digit growth as Cambodia Angkor Air expands and Qatar Airways enters". Centre for Aviation. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013.
- ^ "Cambodia launches national carrier with Vietnam's help". Manila Bulletin. Reuters. 28 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 April 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
- ^ "New Cameroon national carrier Camair-Co fails to reach first year targets, but continues to grow". Centre for Aviation. 30 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012.
- ^ "À propos de la companie (french)". Camair-co.
- ^ Blachly, Linda (31 July 2015). "Aircraft News-31 July 2015". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015.
The Canadian flag carrier took delivery of its first Dreamliner in May 2014 and will receive a total of 29 new 787-9s by 2019, in addition to eight 787-8 aircraft already in operation.
- ^ "Canadian Taxpayers Now Own Part of Air Canada". TravelPulse. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ^ "Air Canada Timeline". CBC News. 20 June 2005. Archived from the original on 19 May 2013.
- ^ Dron, Alan (11 August 2017). "Loftleidir Icelandic to manage TACV Cabo Verde". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017.
- ^ "About Cabo Verde Airlines". www.caboverdeairlines.com. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ "Cayman Airways – Our History". Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
- ^ "BOC Aviation to lease one new A320-200 to LAN". Air Transport World. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
This deal marks the second time that BOC has worked with Chile's flag carrier.
- ^ "LATAM Kicks Off Regular Flights, Announces Johannesburg". Airways News. 5 May 2016. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
- ^ "History". LAN Cargo. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (7 January 2016). "Air China to take six more 777-300ERs". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
Chinese flag-carrier Air China has reached an agreement to acquire six Boeing 777-300ERs.
- ^ "Air China Interim Report 2017" (PDF). Air China. 15 September 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2017.
- ^ Blachly, Linda (4 January 2017). "Aircraft Briefs-4 Jan. 2017". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017.
Boeing delivered the 500th 787 Dreamliner, a 787-8 to Colombia flag carrier Avianca, during the week of Dec. 22, 2016.
- ^ "Avianca Costa Rica Airline Profile - CAPA - Centre for Aviation".
- ^ Dron, Alan (30 April 2018). "Croatia again seeks airline partner". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018.
This is the third time in the past five years that the small central European state has tried to find a way of divesting itself of a controlling interest in the national carrier.
- ^ "Croatia Airlines: could its network attract a bidder?". Centre for Aviation. 29 August 2013. Archived from the original on 18 September 2013.
- ^ "First direct Brazil flight to take off in July". Cuba Standard. 29 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018.
Flag carrier Cubana de Aviación is resuming direct flights to Brazil with a Havana-São Paulo route on July 10, the tourism ministry said in a press release.
- ^ Urribares, Ruben. "The Cuban Civil Aviation after the Revolution of 1959". Cuban Aviation. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ^ "Cyprus Airways opens partner office in the UK". Travel Daily News. 29 September 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ "Cyprus Airways confirms acquisition by SJC Group". Centre for Aviation. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ a b Hofmann, Kurt (9 October 2017). "Leisure carrier Travel Service is CSA Czech Airlines new owner". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017.
- ^ a b "Congo Airways to make international debut in mid-4Q". ch-aviation GmbH. 5 August 2016. Archived from the original on 3 September 2016.
Effective November 1, the state-owned national carrier of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) plans to operate a multiple-weekly service between Kinshasa N'Djili and Johannesburg O.R. Tambo, South Africa using A320-200 equipment.
- ^ "Norska staten har sålt sitt innehav i SAS" [the Norwegian Government has sold its holdings in SAS] (in Swedish). TT. 27 June 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
- ^ "Africa's Air Djibouti continues re-fleeting". Air Transport World. 11 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016.
African flag carrier Air Djibouti has taken delivery of its first Boeing 737 as it prepares to launch commercial operations.
- ^ "AraJet, línea aérea comercial local marca el fin de las altas tarifas". 15 March 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2023.
- ^ "Egyptair plans further restructuring as losses mount. But outlook may brighten as Egypt stabilises". Centre for Aviation. 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 June 2014.
- ^ "Egyptair contracts Sabre to help implement transformation plan". Air Transport World. 19 December 2014. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014.
The state-owned carrier is initiating a major transformation strategy to increase revenues, develop new revenue streams by June 2016 and improve efficiencies.
- ^ Guinea, Republic of Equatorial. "Equatorial Guinea Airline Inaugurates Service To Europe". www.prnewswire.com (Press release).
- ^ Hilka Birns, Hilka Birns (19 March 2024). "Ethiopian Airlines sets eyes on CEIBA Intercontinental". www.ch-aviation.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "Eswatini Air:Who We Are". www.eswatiniair.co.sz.
- ^ Moores, Victoria (29 August 2018). "Ethiopian Airlines finalizes deal for new Chad JV carrier". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018.
- ^ "Ethiopian Airlines Fact Sheet" (PDF). Ethiopian Airlines. March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2017.
- ^ Dron, Alan (30 March 2017). "Island carrier Atlantic Airways seeks new revenue stream". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017.
Faroese national carrier Atlantic Airways anticipates a move into the ACMI market as it attempts to offset the effect of new competition on its primary route.
- ^ Torr, Jeremy (16 September 2015). "Fiji Airways introduces additional Hong Kong route". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 17 September 2015.
Flag carrier Fiji Airways will increase flight frequencies on its Fiji (Nadi International)-Hong Kong International route from Oct. 25.
- ^ "Fiji Airways' new MD Stefan Pichler sets his sights on the next five years for the rebranded airline". Centre for Aviation. 19 September 2013. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013.
- ^ Dron, Alan (29 March 2018). "Finnair brings in capacity support". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018.
- ^ "Finnair". Finnairgroup.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ Buyck, Cathy (18 October 2011). "Air France KLM Group CEO resigns; Spinetta and Van Wijk return". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
The two men masterminded Europe's first merger between two flag carriers in 2004.
- ^ "Air Tahiti Nui plans metal neutral alliance with Air France and partners as losses continue to mount". Centre for Aviation. 31 May 2013. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013.
But most of all the flag carrier will need to get its financial situation under control.
- ^ "Air Tahiti Nui – Corporal Profile". Archived from the original on 31 October 2013.
- ^ Kaminski-Morrow, David (4 October 2013). "Lufthansa cuts back A380 order". Flightglobal. London. Archived from the original on 29 June 2014.
German flag-carrier Lufthansa appears to have cancelled orders for three Airbus A380s.
- ^ Blüthmann, Heinz (13 May 1994). "Neue Freiheit". Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
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- ^ "Shareholder structure of Lufthansa Group". Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ "Lufthansa-Aktionäre stimmen Staatseinstieg zu" (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ). 25 June 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ "760 Millionen: Bund mit Gewinn bei Lufthansa ausgestiegen". www.zdf.de (in German). 14 September 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ Dron, Alan (27 May 2016). "Aegean 1Q losses widen as it invests in capacity". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016.
Greek flag carrier Aegean Airlines recorded a net loss of €21.5 million ($24 million) for 1Q 2016, widened from a €8.3 million net loss for the year-ago quarter.
- ^ Blachly, Linda (1 May 2015). "Airline News-1 May 2015". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015.
Air Greenland has joined the European Regions Airline Association (ERA), bringing the number of airlines in membership to 53. The flag carrier of Greenland is the third airline to join ERA this year.
- ^ "Our history | Air Greenland". airgreenland.com. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
- ^ "Hahn Air's new partner Aurigny now available in 190 markets" (Press release). Hahn Air. 8 October 2014. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014.
- ^ "Guernsey States' ownership of Aurigny 'essential'". BBC News. 20 November 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014.
- ^ Thisdell, Dan (6 February 2015). "Shrinking Jumbos: Top Ten 747-400 fleets still in service". Flightglobal. London. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015.
For the Hong Kong flag carrier, retiring 747-400s are being replaced largely by 777-300ERs.
- ^ "【國泰資本重組】香港政府斥273億元救國泰 若實行認股權變第四大股東 - 香港經濟日報 - 即時新聞頻道 - 金融經濟". inews.hket.com. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ Dron, Alan (6 June 2014). "Icelandair faces indefinite strike action". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014.
The threat of a potentially lengthy strike hung over Iceland's national airline, Icelandair, on Friday after the company's mechanics announced plans for industrial action.
- ^ "20 largest shareholders as of 08.09.2021". Icelandair Group. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ^ a b Thisdell, Dan (14 August 2015). "Plane paint: Top 10 Indian liveries". London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015.
With 102 aircraft in service, the state-owned flag carrier is still a big beast, but with just 11 on order it looks set to slip down the fleet size table.
- ^ Mukul, Pranav (28 January 2022). "Its handover complete, Air India returns to Tata home after 69 yrs". New Delhi. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
- ^ "Air India: Struggling national carrier sold to Tata Sons". BBC News. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ "Sentiments and business: What Air India acquisition means for Tatas - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
- ^ Torr, Jeremy (2 June 2015). "Garuda Indonesia may be forced to change Amsterdam service". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015.
Indonesian flag carrier Garuda Indonesia may be forced to add a stopover to its recently introduced Jakarta-Amsterdam nonstop service as a result of runway certification problems at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta.
- ^ "Indonesia Stock Exchange". Indonesia Stock Exchange. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ BeritaSatu.com (21 February 2011). "Mengapa IPO Garuda buntung?". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ Dron, Alan (10 March 2017). "Iran Air takes first Airbus widebody from major order". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017.
The aircraft was handed over to the Iranian flag carrier at Airbus's final assembly line site at Toulouse, France on March 10.
- ^ "Kuwait Airways and Iraqi Airways face brighter future following settlement of long-running dispute". Centre for Aviation. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ^ "Irish Independent: Key dates in Aer Lingus history". 26 January 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ^ Blachly, Linda (13 March 2015). "Aircraft & Engines-13 March 2015". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 14 March 2015.
Israeli flag carrier El Al received its 50th aircraft, a Next-Generation 737-900ER.
- ^ "Investor Relations 2013". El Al.
- ^ "Homepage". ITA Airways.
- ^ "Alitalia, ultimo volo: Ora tocca a Ita. Tutti i dossier aperti dal marchio a MilleMiglia" (in Italian). 13 October 2021.
- ^ "'Old' Alitalia set for last flight after 75 years - English". 14 October 2021.
- ^ Julia Buckley (8 October 2021). "What to know about Europe's newest airline". CNN Travel.
- ^ "Bombardier to sell eight Q400 NextGen aircraft to Palma Holding". Reuters. 18 November 2013. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014.
Bombardier also said Ivory Coast's national airline, Air Cote d'Ivoire, has agreed to buy two Q400 NextGen aircraft.
- ^ Chabrol, Denis (16 January 2016). "Republic Bank, Caribbean Airlines involved in Guyana's jubilee celebration". demerarawaves.com.
- ^ "Macquarie AirFinance Delivers 737-800 to Caribbean Airlines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
- ^ "Status quo for Caribbean Airlines – chaos surrounds the would-be flag carrier of the region". Centre for Aviation. 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014.
The board of beleaguered carrier Caribbean Airlines, the national airline of Trinidad and Tobago, has reportedly undertaken an evaluation of the airline's routes as its long-haul operation to London continues to underperform.
- ^ "IFC Successfully Concludes Public-Private Partnership Between the Government of Jamaica and Caribbean Airlines for the Privatization of Air Jamaica". IFC. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Jamaica secures 16 per cent stake in Caribbean Airlines". jamaica-gleaner.com. 29 April 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Caribbean Airlines to be Jamaica's exclusive national carrier". jamaica-gleaner.com. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Caribbean Airlines: News/PR". Archived from the original on 11 January 2012.
- ^ Schofield, Adrian (27 April 2018). "JAL reports 17.5% net profit drop on deferred taxes". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 May 2018.
The Japan flag carrier expects its net profit to slip to ¥110 billion in the fiscal year through March 2019.
- ^ "Japan Airlines Company, Ltd". fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
- ^ "History of JAL 1981–1990". Japan Airlines. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
- ^ Dron, Alan (28 July 2014). "Middle Eastern carriers drop routes". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 29 July 2014.
- ^ Hofmann, Kurt (28 August 2018). "Air Astana reports strong 1H traffic on 8% capacity increase". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018.
- ^ Hofmann, Kurt (11 April 2014). "Air Astana eyes Paris and Prague services after EU lifts safety ban". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 11 April 2014.
Air Astana is a joint venture between Kazakhstan's national wealth fund Samruk Kazyna and BAE Systems, with respective shares of 51% and 49%.
- ^ Rivers, Martin (12 March 2013). "Kenya Airways adds flights to Livingstone, Zambia". London: Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013.
Livingstone will become the Kenyan flag carrier's second Zambian destination, alongside capital city Lusaka.
- ^ Schofield, Adrian (19 December 2018). "Air Kiribati to boost fleet, connectivity with Embraer E-Jets order". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 3 January 2019.
- ^ Dron, Alan (7 April 2017). "Kuwait Airways prepares for Amadeus switchover". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 8 April 2017.
Kuwaiti national carrier Kuwait Airways is to complete switching over its booking, ticketing and reservations system to the Amadeus Altéa Suite of products within the next six months.
- ^ "Kuwait Airways names new CEO". Air Transport World. 16 May 2017. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017.
The state-owned carrier, which had been in the doldrums for much of the 1990s and 2000s, is undergoing a major re-fleeting exercise.
- ^ Torr, Jeremy (9 January 2015). "Lao Airlines plans route expansion". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 10 January 2015.
Lao Airlines, the national carrier of Laos, will add a new route to its 19-destination network across the landlocked Southeast Asian country.
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Latvian national carrier airBaltic will be the launch customer for the CS300 version of Bombardier's CSeries, the manufacturer announced at the Dubai Air Show Nov. 8.
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Libyan flag carrier Afriqiyah Airways unveiled its new livery at an event in the Rixos Al Nasr Hotel, Tripoli on 19 December.
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The country's two state-owned airlines, Libyan Air and Afriqiyah Airlines, which both suffered extensive damage to aircraft, resumed operations late 2011 and are gradually reestablishing their pre-war networks as aircraft return to service.
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Libya's national carrier and state-owned Libyan Airlines has taken delivery of its first Airbus A330-200, a 259-seater plane that will be used on the carrier's longer-haul routes.
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The flag carrier hopes it can eventually improve yields across both cabins, leveraging the improvements in its product and new membership in oneworld.
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The Mauritanian flag carrier operates a fleet that includes one Boeing 737-700NG and two 737-500s.
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In March 2016, the island's flag carrier Air Mauritius said it would move its Southeast Asian hub from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to Singapore's Changi.
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The Mongolian flag carrier is expected to operate the 737 MAX aircraft on existing routes to South Korea, China, Japan, Russia, Germany and future new routes.
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All carriers from Mozambique, including flag-carrier LAM, are being placed on the European Union's blacklist of airlines, in addition to a pair of Boeing 767s operating for Air Madagascar.
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Myanmar flag carrier Myanmar National Airlines has taken delivery of the first of six ATR 72-600s as part of a $296 million order for the regional turboprop aircraft.
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The Dutch flag carrier also added a twice-weekly Amsterdam-Salt Lake City service on May 5, becoming 3X-weekly from July 4.
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The New Zealand flag carrier will launch two new routes to Australia and will add frequencies elsewhere, boosting capacity by 15% in the Australia-New Zealand market.
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If sightings of the Ilyushin Il-18, a Cold War era Russian large turboprop that first flew in 1957 and had its heyday in the 1960s, are fairly scarce these days – with 11 examples in service – ticking off the one example flown by Air Koryo must rank high on any planespotter's wishlist. North Korean travel agencies offer trips to enthusiasts to fly on aircraft belonging to the flag-carrier, described by one unkind journalist as the "world's only one-star airline".
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Since the Oman Government took majority ownership in early 2007, the airline has lost a staggering OMR295 million (USD766.9 million).
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According to the Pakistan flag carrier, the A330s will be used primarily for a 6X-weekly premier service to London Heathrow, which is being launched Aug. 14.
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Avmax leased one Bombardier Dash 8-Q315 to Air Niugini, the National Airline of Papua New Guinea.
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Filipino flag carrier Philippine Airlines (PAL) plans to launch Cebu-Los Angeles (LAX) service from March 2016.
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LOT Polish Airlines has become the launch customer for aircraft seating newcomer LIFT by EnCore, with the company's first product entering service on the Polish flag carrier's Boeing 737 MAXs.
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...La Reunion's national carrier, Air Austral, is planning to take a similar approach to some destinations in its long-haul network.
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Russian flag-carrier Aeroflot has agreed to take another 20 Sukhoi Superjet 100s, under a tentative agreement with the airframer.
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The government of Samoa said the South Pacific country's state-owned airline must remain financially self-sufficient, as it relaunches international services. Samoa Airways began scheduled services with a flight to Auckland, New Zealand, on Nov. 14, and also will offer service to Australia.
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STP Airways - the national airline of São Tomé and Príncipe has signed a wet lease contract with Portugal's regional operator Sevenair to operate flights between the country's islands.
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Air Senegal, the new Senegalese national airline, has signed a firm contract for two ATR 72-600s at the Paris Air Show.
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The Serbia flag carrier said the full-year results were achieved on the back of "significant growth" in passenger numbers, which increased 11% to 2.55 million year-over-year (YOY).
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The government of Serbia retains a 51% majority stake.
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Pacific island flag carrier Solomon Airlines will resume services following a grounding of its fleet over a payment dispute with its main funding partner, the Solomon Islands government.
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Singapore flag carrier Singapore Airlines (SIA) plans to participate in a $20 million government-led initiative to promote inbound travel to Singapore.
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State-owned carrier Sudan Airways, known for its delays, has lost out to new carriers offering better service.
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The country's flag carrier is Surinam Airways, a small airline with ambitions to carve out a profitable niche connecting this former Dutch colony with the world.
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SWISS, the national airline of Switzerland, has a fleet of A319s, A320s, A321s, A330s and A340s.
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Taiwanese flag carrier China Airlines has taken delivery of its first of 10 Boeing 777-300ERs.
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the government of the Republic of China still holds an indirect but majority shareholding.
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The Thailand flag carrier ceased Moscow operations in March 2015 because of weak demand.
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As a majority state-owned airline in North Africa, Tunisair has retained most of the flag carrier privileges that are cemented in the 1944 Chicago Convention, but those protectionist practices run counter to the present realities of passengers wanting choice and low fares.
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The Istanbul-based flag carrier flies to 45 domestic and 226 international destinations in 109 countries and operates 274 aircraft, comprising 62 widebody, 202 narrowbody and 10 cargo aircraft.
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The flag carrier of Turkmenistan operates scheduled flights on 15 routes in 11 European and Asian countries including Frankfurt, London, Moscow, Beijing and Istanbul.
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The aircraft will be the first B777-300ERs in Turkmenistan Airlines' fleet, although the state-owned carrier already operates four B777-200(LR)s.
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While a relatively large country (both in land mass and population – it has about 45 million people), the Ukrainian market (like many other markets in Eastern Europe) cannot easily sustain two large flag carriers, particularly as low-cost competition continues to increase.
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UK flag carrier British Airways (BA) continued to be the most profitable unit, with a 9.9% operating margin, followed by Iberia (1%).
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In May the airline reported a sharp rise in profits and revealed that it was making more money from each customer than it has done since it was privatised in 1987.
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The flag carrier of the Republic of Uzbekistan has trained 18 pilots and two pilot-instructors for the new aircraft type.
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The Yemen national carrier said it was suspending flight operations "until further notice due to the prevalent unfavorable operational situation and restriction imposed on Yemen airspace".
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Government-owned flag carrier Air Zimbabwe currently operates only two international routes although it has been trying for some time to resume more international services.
External links
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