Foreign relations of Nigeria

Not to be confused with Foreign relations of Niger.

Since independence, with Jaja Wachuku as the first Minister for Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs, Nigerian foreign policy has been characterised by a focus on Africa as a regional power and by attachment to several fundamental principles: African unity and independence; capability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region: peaceful settlement of disputes; non-alignment and non-intentional interference in the internal affairs of other nations; and regional economic cooperation and development.[1] In carrying out these principles, Nigeria participates in the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.

Nigeria and the liberation of Africa

[edit]

Upon gaining independence in 1960, Nigeria quickly committed itself to improving the lives of the people of the country and harnessing the resources that remain vital to the economy of the country and her neighbours. By observing at what benefits and appropriate for the country, Nigeria became one of the founding members of the Organisation for African Unity (OAU), which later became the African Union.[citation needed] The Organisation for African Unity checks political stability of any African countries and encourages them to be holding regional meetings for the union. Nigeria backed the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the South African government and their military actions in southern Africa. [citation needed]Nigeria and Organisation for African Unity (OAU, now the African Union), has tremendous influence in West Africa nations and Africa on the whole. Nigeria has additionally founded regional cooperative efforts in West Africa, functioning as standard-bearer for ECOWAS and ECOMOG, economic and military organisations, respectively. [citation needed][2]

Similarly, when civil war broke out in Angola after the country gained independence from Portugal in 1975, Nigeria mobilised its diplomatic influence in Africa in support of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). That support helped tip the balance in their favour, which led to OAU recognition of the MPLA over the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola.[3]

Nigeria extended diplomatic support to another cause, Sam Nujoma's Southwest Africa People's Organization in Namibia, to stall the apartheid South African-installed government there. In 1977, the new General Olusegun Obasanjo's military regime donated $20 million to the Zimbabwean movement against the apartheid government of Rhodesia. Nigeria also sent military equipment to Mozambique to help the newly independent country suppress the South African-backed Mozambican National Resistance guerrillas. Nigeria also provided some military training at the Kaduna first mechanised army division and other material support to Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe's guerrilla forces during the Zimbabwe War in 1979 against the white minority rule of Prime Minister Ian Douglas Smith, which was backed by the apartheid -government of South Africa. [citation needed]

Due to mismanagement of its economy and technology, Nigeria announced that it was launching a nuclear programme of "unlimited scope" of its own but failed. After the Nigerian Independence in 1960, Nigeria demonstrated its seriousness in improving the economy for the people and embarked on nationalizing some multi-national companies that traded with and broke the economic/trade embargo of the apartheid South African regime, the local operations of Barclays Bank was nationalised after that bank ignored the strong protests by the Nigeria populace.[citation needed]

Nigeria also nationalised the British Petroleum (BP) for supplying oil to South Africa. In 1982, the Alhaji Shehu Shagari government urged the visiting Pontiff Pope John Paul II to grant audience to the leaders of Southern Africa guerrilla organisations Oliver Tambo of the ANC and Sam Nujoma of SWAPO. In December 1983, the new Major General Muhammadu Buhari regime announced that Nigeria could no longer afford an apartheid government in Africa. however, Nigeria being the foremost black nation on Earth due to its population, Nigeria has great potential and will soon grow to be a force to reckon with on the global stage.[citation needed]

Nigeria and West Africa

[edit]

In pursuing the goal of regional economic cooperation and development, Nigeria helped create ECOWAS, which seeks to harmonise trade and investment practices for its 16 West African member countries, ultimately achieve a full customs union, and establish a single currency. Nigeria also has taken the lead in articulating the views of developing nations on the need for modification of the existing international economic order.[citation needed]

Nigeria has played a central role in the ECOWAS efforts to end the civil war in Liberia and contributed the bulk of the ECOWAS peacekeeping forces sent there in 1990. Nigeria also has provided the bulk of troops for ECOMOG forces in Sierra Leone.[citation needed]

Nigeria has enjoyed generally good relations with its immediate neighbours. Nigeria has actively played a leading role in West Africa, with enormous [2] military power, Nigeria has been perpetual in its aim of promoting peace and stability in Africa's most prosperous region for more than three decades.

Nigeria and International Organisations

[edit]

Nigeria is a member of the following organizations:

The Babangida regime joined the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), though President Obasanjo has indicated he might reconsider Nigeria's membership.comments are being made for Nigeria to establish more bilateral relations.[4]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Nigeria maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  India 20 November 1958[5]
2  Australia 10 September 1960[6]
3  Canada 1 October 1960[7]
4  France 1 October 1960[8]
5  Germany 1 October 1960[9]
6  Ghana 1 October 1960[10]
7  Israel 1 October 1960[11]
8  Japan 1 October 1960[12]
9  Liberia 1 October 1960[13]
10  Norway 1 October 1960[14]
11  Russia 1 October 1960[15]
12  Sudan 1 October 1960[16]
13   Switzerland 1 October 1960[17]
14  United Kingdom 1 October 1960[18]
15  United States 1 October 1960[19]
16  Denmark October 1960[20]
17  Netherlands October 1960[21]
18  Cameroon November 1960[22]
19  Ireland 1960[23]
20  Morocco 1960[24]
21  Senegal 1960[25]
22  Belgium 4 February 1961[26]
23  Spain 10 February 1961[27]
24  Turkey 16 February 1961[28]
25  Pakistan 22 March 1961[29]
26  Serbia March 1961[30]
27  Sierra Leone 27 April 1961[31]
28  Niger 8 June 1961[32]
29  Ivory Coast 26 July 1961[33]
30  Brazil 16 August 1961[34]
31  Saudi Arabia 21 August 1961[35]
32  Guinea August 1961[36]
33  Iraq 6 September 1961[37]
34  Benin 12 September 1961[38]
35  Jordan 30 September 1961[39]
36  Sweden 3 October 1961[40]
37  Chile 5 October 1961[41]
38  Czech Republic 25 October 1961[42]
39  Tanzania 6 December 1961[43]
40  Egypt 1961[44]
41  Italy 1961[45]
42  Lebanon 11 March 1962[46]
43  Poland 30 May 1962[47]
44  Mali 1 August 1962[48]
45  Philippines 1 August 1962[49]
46  Chad 18 October 1962[50]
47  Thailand 1 November 1962[51]
48  Austria 21 December 1962[52]
49  Libya 1962[53][54]
50  Togo 1962[55]
51  Finland 18 January 1963[56]
52  Argentina 19 March 1963[57]
53  Uganda 6 September 1963[58]
54  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1963[59]
55  Bulgaria 10 March 1964[60]
56  Hungary 4 April 1964[61]
57  Ethiopia 1964[62]
58  Uruguay 20 February 1965[63]
59  Indonesia 5 March 1965[64]
60  Venezuela 16 March 1965[65]
61  Gambia 28 May 1965[66]
62  Syria 30 September 1965[67]
63  Malaysia 1965[68]
64  Zambia 1965[69]
65  Kenya 20 September 1966[70]
66  Romania 12 November 1966[71]
67  Algeria 2 September 1968[72][73]
68  Equatorial Guinea 25 January 1969[74]
69  Malawi 29 November 1969[75]
70  Tunisia 15 January 1970[76]
71  Singapore 20 January 1970[77]
72  Myanmar 24 January 1970[78]
73  Kuwait 31 January 1970[79]
74  Sri Lanka January 1970[80]
75  Burkina Faso 19 February 1970[81]
76  Somalia March 1970[82]
77  Barbados 24 April 1970[83]
78  Jamaica 29 April 1970[84]
79  Bolivia 18 September 1970[85]
80  Central African Republic 6 October 1970[86]
81  Trinidad and Tobago 6 October 1970[87]
82  Iceland 3 November 1970[88]
83  Burundi 6 November 1970[89]
84  Cyprus 1970[90]
85  Greece 1970[91]
86  China 10 February 1971[92]
87  Madagascar 24 June 1971[93]
88  Peru 5 July 1971[94]
89  Mongolia 21 September 1971[95]
90  Lesotho November 1971[96]
91  Iran 5 May 1972[97]
92  Rwanda 10 June 1972[98][99]
93  Gabon 18 January 1973[100]
94  Albania 22 May 1973[101]
95  Eswatini 13 October 1973[102]
96  Malta 24 May 1974[103]
97  Cuba 1 July 1974[104]
98  Mozambique 25 June 1975[105]
99  Costa Rica 26 June 1975[106]
100  Portugal 10 July 1975[107]
—  Holy See 20 November 1975[108]
101    Nepal 20 December 1975[109]
102  Luxembourg 29 December 1975[110]
103  São Tomé and Príncipe 30 December 1975[111]
104  Bangladesh 3 January 1976[112]
105  Angola 15 March 1976[113]
106  Mexico 14 April 1976[114]
107  North Korea 25 May 1976[115]
108  Vietnam 25 May 1976[116]
109  Mauritius 16 June 1976[117]
110  Mauritania June 1976[118]
111  Guyana 2 August 1976[119]
112  Cape Verde 18 August 1976[120]
113  Seychelles 28 January 1977[121]
114  Haiti 28 January 1978[122]
115  Colombia 1 January 1979[123]
116  Yemen 12 May 1979[124]
117  Grenada June 1979[125]
118  Ecuador 10 December 1979[126]
119  South Korea 22 February 1980[127]
120  Suriname 3 June 1980[128]
121  Oman 18 January 1981[129]
122  United Arab Emirates 20 January 1982[130]
123  Zimbabwe January 1982[131]
124  Vanuatu 16 March 1982[132]
125  New Zealand 16 April 1982[133]
126  Belize 19 April 1982[134]
127  Bahamas 26 October 1982[135]
128  Comoros 5 November 1982[136]
129  Papua New Guinea 1982[137]
130  Antigua and Barbuda 2 March 1983[138]
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 11 November 1984[139]
131  Paraguay 27 May 1988[140]
132  Maldives 1 March 1989[141]
133  Djibouti 12 July 1989[142]
134  Namibia 28 March 1990[143]
135  Kazakhstan 16 December 1991[144]
136  Azerbaijan 11 March 1992[145]
137  Belarus 3 August 1992[146]
138  Moldova 7 August 1992[147]
139  Uzbekistan 28 August 1992[148]
140  Estonia 10 November 1992[149]
141  Brunei 1 December 1992[150]
142  Ukraine 10 December 1992[151]
143  Slovenia 19 December 1992[152]
144  Croatia 7 January 1993[153]
145  Armenia 4 February 1993[154]
146  Slovakia 1 September 1993[155]
147  Fiji 1993[156]
148  South Africa 21 February 1994[157]
149  Eritrea 1998[158]
150  Laos 10 June 1999[159]
151  Georgia June 2000[160]
152  Bosnia and Herzegovina 13 September 2000[161]
153  Lithuania 17 January 2001[162]
154  Panama 12 February 2001[141]
155  Latvia 30 March 2001[163]
156  Nicaragua 24 April 2001[164]
157  Cambodia 28 May 2001[165]
158  Dominican Republic 23 July 2001[166]
159  Guatemala December 2001[167]
160  Dominica 2002[168]
161  North Macedonia 24 April 2003[141]
162  East Timor 2004[169]
163  Qatar 2010[170]
164  Liechtenstein 2011[171]
165  Monaco 6 July 2012[172]
166  South Sudan 17 October 2012[173]
167  Afghanistan 16 April 2013[174]
168  Honduras 25 September 2013[175]
169  Bahrain 8 April 2014[176]
170  Republic of the Congo Unknown
171  Guinea-Bissau Unknown[177]
—  State of Palestine Unknown
172  Saint Kitts and Nevis Unknown
173  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Unknown[178]

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria 2 September 1968 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 September 1968[72][179]
  • Algeria has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Algiers.
 Angola See Angola–Nigeria relations

Angolan-Nigerian relations are primarily based on their roles as oil exporting nations. Both are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union and other multilateral organizations.

The President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, sent a message to his Angolan counterpart, José Eduardo dos Santos, in which he manifested his interest in keeping and strengthening the excellent relations that exist between both countries, aiming at generating better benefits for the two peoples.

  • Angola has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Luanda.
 Benin 12 September 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1961 when has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires of Dahomey to Nigeria Mr. Obed Pessou.[38]
  • Benin has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Cotonou.
 Burkina Faso 19 February 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials.[81]
  • Burkina Faso has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Ouagadougou.
 Cameroon See Cameroon-Nigeria relations

A long-standing border dispute with Cameroon over the potentially oil-rich Bakassi Peninsula was resolved by a 2002 decision by the International Court of Justice which granted Cameroon ownership of the region and the 2006 signing of the Greentree Agreement which led to the withdrawal of Nigerian troops from Bakassi in 2008 and complete administrative control being taken over by Cameroon in August 2013.[180] Nigeria released about 150 Cameroonian prisoners of war in late 1998.

  • Cameroon has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Calabar.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Yaoundé, a consulate-general in Douala and a consulate in Buea.
 Chad See Chad–Nigeria relations

Nigeria's 1983 economic austerity campaign produced strains with neighbouring states, including Chad. Nigeria expelled several hundred thousand foreign workers, mostly from its oil industry, which faced drastic cuts as a result of declining world oil prices. At least 30,000 of those expelled were Chadians. Despite these strains, however, Nigerians had assisted in the halting process of achieving stability in Chad, and both nations reaffirmed their intention to maintain close ties.

  • Chad has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Maiduguri.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in N'Djamena.
 Central African Republic 6 October 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970.[86]
  • Central African Republic has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bangui.
 Egypt
  • Egypt has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Cairo.
 Equatorial Guinea 25 January 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1969[74]
  • Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and consulates in Calabar and Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Malabo and a consulate in Bata.
 Ethiopia
Main article: Ethiopia–Nigeria relations
  • Ethiopia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
 Gabon 18 January 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1973[181]
  • Gabon has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Libreville.
 Gambia 28 May 1965[66]
  • Gambia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Banjul.
 Ghana 1 October 1960 See Ghana–Nigeria relations

Ghana set up a commission in 1959 when Nigeria was still a dependent territory. This was elevated to High Commission status on the attainment of Nigeria's independence on 1 October 1960[182]

Ghana Nigerian relations have been both bitter and sweet. In 1969 numerous Nigerians were deported from Ghana. Relations in the 1970s were good. Ghana-Nigeria relations began on a sour note in the early period of PNDC rule. Tension rose immediately after the PNDC deposed Limann in 1981. In protest, Nigeria refused to continue much-needed oil supplies to Ghana. At the time, Ghana owed Nigeria about US$150 million for crude oil supplies and depended on Nigeria for about 90 percent of its petroleum needs. Nigeria's expulsion of more than 1 million Ghanaian immigrants in early 1983, when Ghana was facing severe drought and economic problems, and of another 300,000 in early 1985 on short notice, further strained relations between the two countries.[183]

In April 1988, a joint commission for cooperation was established between Ghana and Nigeria. A bloodless coup in August 1985 had brought Major General Ibrahim Babangida to power in Nigeria, and Rawlings took advantage of the change of administration to pay an official visit. The two leaders discussed a wide range of issues focusing on peace and prosperity within West Africa, bilateral trade, and the transition to democracy in both countries. In early January 1989, Babangida reciprocated with an official visit to Ghana, which the PNDC hailed as a watershed in Ghana-Nigeria relations.[183]

Subsequent setbacks that Babangida initiated in the democratic transition process in Nigeria clearly disappointed Accra. Nonetheless, the political crisis that followed Babangida's annulment of the results of the June 1993 Nigerian presidential election and Babangida's resignation from the army and presidency two months later did not significantly alter the existing close relations between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the most important members of ECOWAS and the Commonwealth of Nations. After the takeover in November 1993 by General Sani Abacha as the new Nigerian head of state, Ghana and Nigeria continued to consult on economic, political, and security issues affecting the two countries and West Africa as a whole. Between early August 1994 when Rawlings became ECOWAS chairman and the end of the following October, the Ghanaian president visited Nigeria three times to discuss the peace process in Liberia and measures to restore democracy in that country.[183]

Nigeria and Ghana today have a close relationship, and they collaborate on various issues. Ghana and Nigeria are both republics in the Commonwealth of Nations.

  • Ghana has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Accra.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Guinea
  • Guinea has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Conakry.
 Ivory Coast 26 July 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1961.[33]
  • The Ivory Coast has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Abidjan.
 Kenya See Kenya–Nigeria relations
 Liberia 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date.[13]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Monrovia.
 Libya

Nigeria recalled its ambassador, Isa Aliyu Mohammed, to Libya on 18 March 2010.[184] The recall was in responses to a suggestion by Libyan leader, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, that Nigeria should separate into a Muslim northern state and a Christian southern state. [185] Gaddafi had made the suggestion in light of recent violence between the rival religions in Nigeria which had resulted in hundreds of deaths.[185] In addition Gaddafi had praised the Partition of India, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, as the kind of model that Nigeria should follow.[185]

The Nigerian foreign ministry stated that it was recalling Mohammed for "urgent negotiations" due to the "irresponsible utterances of Colonel Gaddafi".[185] The Nigerian National Assembly has requested that the government ask the United Nations to prohibit Gaddafi from calling for the division of Nigeria.[184] The National Assembly also passed a motion urging the government to order an African Union investigation into whether Libya was attempting to destabilise the country through "infiltrators".[186]

  • Libya has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tripoli.
 Madagascar 24 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1971[93]
  • Madagascar is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Maputo, Mozambique.
 Malawi 29 November 1969 See Malawi–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1969.[187]

  • Malawi is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Lilongwe.
 Mali 1 August 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962[48]
  • Mali has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bamako.
 Morocco
  • Morocco has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Rabat.
 Mozambique 25 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1975.[188]
  • Mozambique is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Maputo.
 Namibia 28 March 1990 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1990.[189]
  • Namibia has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Windhoek.
 Niger 8 June 1961 See Niger–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1961 when M. Elhad Camatte Hammodon Maiga, ambassador of Niger to Nigeria presented his letters of credentials to the Governor General Azikiwe[32]

Nigeria maintains close relations with the Republic of Niger, in part because both nations share a large Hausa minority on each side of their 1500 km border. Hausa language and cultural ties are strong, but there is little interest in a pan-Hausa state.[190] The two nations formed the Nigeria-Niger Joint Commission for Cooperation (NNJC), established in March, 1971 with its Permanent Secretariat in Niamey, Niger.[191]

  • Niger has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Kano.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Niamey.
 São Tomé and Príncipe 30 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1975[192]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in São Tomé.
  • São Tomé and Príncipe has an embassy in Abuja.
 Senegal
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Dakar.
  • Senegal has an embassy in Abuja.
 Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1961 when was appointed first Nigerian High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Mr A.B. Oyediran[31]
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Freetown.
  • Sierra Leone has a high commission in Abuja.
 South Africa 21 February 1994 See Nigeria–South Africa relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1994[193]

  • Nigeria has a high commission in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Johannesburg.
  • South Africa has a high commission in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Sudan 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when Nigeria have established an embassy in Khartoum.[16]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Khartoum.
  • Sudan has an embassy in Abuja.
 Tanzania
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Dar-es-Salaam.
  • Tanzania has a high commission in Abuja.
 Togo
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Lomé.
  • Togo has an embassy in Abuja.
 Tunisia 15 January 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1970[76]
 Zimbabwe
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Harare.
  • Zimbabwe has an embassy in Abuja.

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 15 August 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1961[194]
  • Argentina has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
 Barbados 24 April 1970 See Barbados–Nigeria relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1970[195]
  • Nigeria is accredited to Barbados from its high commission in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Currently the Barbadian Government does not have foreign accreditation for Nigeria, however the Nigerian Government has said that it was highly desirous of Barbados establishing an embassy directly to Nigeria.[196]

In 2006 the Governor Otunba Gbenga Daniel of the Nigerian state of Ogun announced that Barbadians would be given free land if they wished to move to Nigeria.[197] Nigeria has pushed for more investment from Barbadian companies and investors and then in 2008 for the establishment of direct flights between both nations.[198][199]

 Belize 19 April 1982
 Brazil 16 August 1961 See Brazil–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 1961[201]

Bilateral relations between Nigeria and Brazil focus primarily upon trade and culture, the largest country in Latin America by size, and the largest country in Africa by population are remotely bordered across from one another by the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil and Nigeria for centuries, have enjoyed a warmly friendly, and strong relationship on the bases of culture (seeing as many Afro-Brazilians trace their ancestry to Nigeria,) and commercial trade.

  • Brazil has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Brasília.
 Canada 1 October 1960
 Chile 5 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1961[205]
  • Chile is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Chile from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 Colombia 1 January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1979[206]
  • Colombia is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
 Cuba 1 July 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1974[207]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Havana.
 Ecuador 10 December 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1979[208]
  • Ecuador does not have an accreditation to Nigeria.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.
 Guyana 27 June 1970
 Jamaica 29 April 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970[210]
 Mexico 14 April 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1976[211]

See Mexico–Nigeria relations

 Trinidad and Tobago 6 October 1970 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1970 when was accredited first High Commissioner of Nigeria ti Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Edwin Ogbu[87]
 United States 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960[214]

See Nigeria–United States relations

After the June 12, 1993, Nigerian presidential election was annulled, and in light of human rights abuses and the failure to embark on a meaningful democratic transition, the United States imposed numerous sanctions on Nigeria. These sanctions included the imposition of Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act to refuse entry into the United States of senior government officials and others who formulated, implemented, or benefited from policies impeding Nigeria's transition to democracy; suspension of all military assistance; and a ban on the sale and repair of military goods and refinery services to Nigeria. The U.S. Ambassador was recalled for consultations for four months after the execution of the Ogoni Nine on November 10, 1995.

After a period of increasingly strained relations, the death of General Abacha in June 1998 and his replacement by General Abubakar opened a new phase of improved bilateral relations. As the transition to democracy progressed, the removal of visa restrictions, increased high-level visits of U.S. officials, discussions of future assistance, and the granting of a Vital National Interest Certification on counter-narcotics, effective in March 1999, paved the way for re-establishment of closer ties between the United States and Nigeria, as a key partner in the region and the continent. Since the inauguration of the democratically elected Obasanjo government, the bilateral relationship has continued to improve, and cooperation on many important foreign policy goals, such as regional peacekeeping, has been good.

The government has lent strong diplomatic support to the U.S. Government counter-terrorism efforts in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The Government of Nigeria, in its official statements, has both condemned the terrorist attacks as well as supported military action against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Nigeria also has played a leading role in forging an anti-terrorism consensus among states in Sub-Saharan Africa.

As a member of the International Criminal Court Nigeria signed a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US military (as covered under Article 98). A comprehensive passage is updated.

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and consulates-general in Atlanta and New York City.[215]
  • United States has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.[216]
  • Both countries were former colonies of Great Britain
 Uruguay 20 February 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1965[217]
  • Nigeria is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Uruguay is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Venezuela 16 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965[218]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Caracas.
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Abuja.

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 4 February 1993

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1993[219]

  • Armenia does not have an accreditation to Nigeria.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Azerbaijan 11 March 1992 See Azerbaijan–Nigeria relations
  • Nigeria recognized the independence of Azerbaijan on March 11, 1992. Diplomatic relations were established between the two countries at that date[220]
  • Nigeria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
 Bangladesh 3 January 1976 See Bangladesh–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 January 1976.[221]

Both nations are members of the Commonwealth, the OIC and the Developing 8 Countries, and are identified as Next Eleven economies.

  • Bangladesh has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Dhaka.
 China 10 February 1971 See China–Nigeria relations

Nigeria and the People's Republic of China established formal diplomatic relations on February 10, 1971.[92] Relations between the two nations grew closer as a result of the international isolation and Western condemnation of Nigeria's military regimes (1970s-1998). Nigeria has since become an important source of oil and petroleum for China's rapidly growing economy and Nigeria is looking to China for help in achieving high economic growth; China has provided extensive economic, military and political support.[222][223] In 2004 and again in 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao made state visits to Nigeria and addressed a joint session of the National Assembly of Nigeria. Both nations signed a memorandum of understanding on establishing a strategic partnership.[224] China has supported Nigeria's bid for a seat in the U.N. Security Council.[225] In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including Nigeria, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in the Xinjiang region.[226][227]

  • China has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
 India See India–Nigeria relations

The bilateral relations between the Republic of India and the Federal Republic of Nigeria have considerably expanded in recent years with both nations building strategic and commercial ties. Nigeria supplies 20% of India's crude oil needs and is India's largest trading partner in Africa.

  • India has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in New Delhi.
 Indonesia 5 March 1965 See Indonesia–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1965[64]

  • Indonesia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Jakarta.
 Iran 5 May 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1972[97]
  • Iran has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tehran.
 Israel 1 October 1960 See Israel–Nigeria relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations with Nigerian independence, Israel's consulate-general became an embassy on 1 October 1960.[11] Between 1973 and 1992, diplomatic relations were severed. Since September 1992, bilateral relations are better.

  • Israel has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tel Aviv.
 Japan See Japan-Nigeria relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Tokyo.
 Lebanon 8 January 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1961, when Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to Embassy level[228]
  • Lebanon has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Beirut.
 North Korea 1976 See Nigeria–North Korea relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Pyongyang which closed in 2021.[229]
  • North Korea has an embassy in Abuja
 Malaysia See Malaysia–Nigeria relations
  • Malaysia has a high commission in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur.
 Pakistan 22 March 1961 See Nigeria–Pakistan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 March 1961[29]

Defence attachés from Pakistan and Russia visit the communications tent at the Nigerian Air Force Base, Abuja, Nigeria, on July 21, 2008, during Africa Endeavour 2008.

The two states have maintained a close relationship, a relationship which is described by the Nigerian Defence Minister as "friendly" and like a "family tie"[230]

  • Nigeria has a high commission in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has a high commission in Abuja.
 Philippines 1 August 1962 See Nigeria–Philippines relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1962[231]

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Abuja.
 Qatar
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Abuja.
 Saudi Arabia
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abuja.
 South Korea 22 January 1980

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1980[232]

Visits from the Republic of Korea to Nigeria: 1982 August President Chun Doo-hwan 1994 May Special Envoy of the President Roh Young-chan 1999 May Special Envoy of the President Choi Kwang-soo 2002 September Minister of Construction and Transportation Lim In-taek as a Special Envoy of the President 2006 March President Roh Moo-hyun 2007 May Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Kim Ho-young 2007 July Minister of Construction and Transportation Lee Yong-seob 2007 December 2 Vice Minister of Commerce Industry and Energy 2009 May CEO of Korea National Oil Cooperation 2010 September Former Prime Minister 2011 May Special Envoy of the President.[233]

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Abuja.
 Turkey 16 February 1961 See Nigeria–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 February 1961 when Turkey Consulate General was upgraded to Embassy level with Mr. Özer Fuat Tevs as Chargé d'Affaires.[234]

 United Arab Emirates 20 January 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 January 1982[130]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Abuja.
 Vietnam 25 May 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1976[236]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Abuja.

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Austria 21 December 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1962 when first Austrian Ambassador to Nigeria took up his post and Austria opened its embassy in Lagos.[52]
  • Austria has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Vienna.
 Belgium 4 February 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1961[26]
  • Belgium has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Brussels.
 Bulgaria
  • Bulgaria has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Bulgaria from its embassy in Bucharest, Romania.
 Czech Republic
  • Czech Republic has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Prague.
 Finland
  • Finland has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
 France 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960[237](Nigeria broken diplomatic relations with France 5 January 1961 - 26 October 1965)
  • France has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Paris.
 Germany 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960[9]

See Germany-Nigeria relations

 Greece See Greece-Nigeria relations

Greece established a diplomatic mission in Nigeria in 1970. Trade between the two countries is imbalanced, with imports from Greece to Nigeria exceeding exports. Greek-owned tankers have an important role in shipping Nigerian oil and natural gas, its main exports. Recently a Greek tanker was involved a dispute over crude oil smuggling.[238] There is a small Greek business community in Lagos.[239]

  • Greece has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Athens.
 Hungary
  • Hungary has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Budapest.
 Ireland
  • Ireland has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Dublin.
 Italy
  • Italy has an embassy in Nigeria and a consulate in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Rome.
 Netherlands
  • Netherlands has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in The Hague.
 Poland 30 May 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1962[240]

See Nigeria–Poland relations

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Abuja.
 Portugal 10 July 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1975[241]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Abuja.
 Romania
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Bucharest.
  • Romania has an embassy in Abuja.
 Russia See Nigeria–Russia relations
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Abuja and a consulate-general in Lagos.
 Spain 10 February 1961 See Nigeria–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1961[242]

  • Nigeria has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Abuja.
 Sweden 3 October 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1961[243]
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Abuja.
 United Kingdom 1 October 1960

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when was accredited first High Commissioner of United Kingdom to Nigeria Mr. Anthony Henry Head[18]

Nigeria, formerly a colony, gained independence from Britain in 1960. Since independence, Nigeria has maintained favourable relations with the UK.[244]

  • Nigeria has a high commission in London.[245]
  • United Kingdom has a high commission in Abuja and a deputy high commission in Lagos and liaison offices in Kaduna and Port Harcourt.[246]

Oceania

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia
 New Zealand 16 April 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1982 when the first Nigerian High Commissioner in Canberra, Mr. Edward Sanu, presented his credentials to the Governor General of New Zealand[133]
  • New Zealand is accredited to Nigeria from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Nigeria is accredited to New Zealand from its high commission in Canberra, Australia.
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

International disputes

[edit]

Delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Cameroon over land and maritime boundaries around the Bakasi Peninsula is currently before the International Court of Justice; maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed jurisdiction over oil-rich areas in the Gulf of Guinea.

Nigeria and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

The Federation of Nigeria became independent from the United Kingdom in 1960 with Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Nigeria. Nigeria became a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations in 1963, when the Governor-General of Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe became the first President of Nigeria.

Nigeria was suspended from the Commonwealth of Nations from 1995 until 1999, when its full membership was restored.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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