Northumberland County, New Brunswick

Northumberland
County
Location within New Brunswick.
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
Established	1785
Area [1]
• Land	12,868.78 km2 (4,968.66 sq mi)
Population  (2016)[1]
• Total	44,952
• Density	3.5/km2 (9/sq mi)
• Change 2011-16	2.7%
• Dwellings	21,792
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)
Area code	506

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Northumberland County is located in northeastern New Brunswick, Canada.^[2]

Northumberland County is covered by thick forests, whose products stimulate the economy. The highest peaks in the province, including Mount Carleton lie in the northwestern corner of the county.

The county is dominated by the Miramichi River, world famous for its salmon fishing. The lower portion of the river is an estuary that widens into Miramichi Bay, a part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

The city of Miramichi is a local service centre for the county and surrounding regions with schools, hospitals and government offices and retail locations. The county has several saw mills in the city of Miramichi and up the Southwest Branch of the Miramichi River. There were formerly two large pulp and paper mills at Miramichi.

Chatham was also home to an air force base, CFB Chatham, until 1996. Renous-Quarryville, located along the Southwest Miramichi was also home to an army post - a federal maximum security penitentiary is now located on the site.

There are five municipalities within the county (listed by 2016 population):^[3]

There are five First Nations reserves in Northumberland County (listed by 2011 population):^[4]

Three communities in the county are part of the Miꞌkmaq Nation: Metepenagiag Miꞌkmaq Nation, at the junction of the Northwest Miramichi River and the Little Southwest Miramichi River; Eel Ground First Nation, close to the junction of the Northwest and Southwest Miramichi Rivers near Newcastle; and Burnt Church First Nation on the northern shore of Miramichi Bay.

The county is subdivided into thirteen parishes (listed by 2016 population):^[3]

• note: Statistics Canada did not report data for Ludlow Parish in the 2016 Census. Data shown is from 2011 Census.

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Northumberland County had a population of 45,005 living in 19,945 of its 21,940 total private dwellings, a change of 0.1% from its 2016 population of 44,952. With a land area of 12,843.39 km² (4,958.86 sq mi), it had a population density of 3.5/km² (9.1/sq mi) in 2021.^[6]

Canada Census Mother Tongue - Northumberland County, New Brunswick[5]
Census		Total		English				French				English & French				Non-official languages
Year		Responses		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %		Count	Trend	Pop %
2016		44,425		33,095	1.9%	74.49%		9,705	20.2%	21.85%		420	3.7%	0.95%		1,055	5.4%	2.38%
2011		47,425		33,750	0.7%	71.16%		12,155	4.1%	25.63%		405	80.0%	0.85%		1,115	26.4%	2.35%
2006		48,185		33,775	3.7%	70.09%		12,670	6.4%	26.29%		225	40.8%	0.47%		1,515	31.7%	3.14%
2001		50,155		35,090	3.7%	69.96%		13,535	2.1%	26.99%		380	2.7%	0.76%		1,150	48.4%	2.29%
1996		51,390		36,420	n/a	70.87%		13,825	n/a	26.90%		370	n/a	0.72%		775	n/a	1.51%

Highways and numbered routes that run through the county, including external routes that start or finish at the county limits:^[10]

• List of communities in New Brunswick

• Northumberland County Guide

47°02′N 65°35′W / 47.033°N 65.583°W / 47.033; -65.583