Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers

The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) is the highest honor bestowed by the United States federal government on outstanding scientists and engineers in the early stages of their independent research careers.[1] The White House, following recommendations from participating agencies, confers the awards annually. To be eligible for a Presidential Award, an individual must be a U.S. citizen, national, or permanent resident. Some of the winning scientists and engineers receive up to a five-year research grant.

History

[edit]

In February 1996, the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was commissioned by President Bill Clinton to create an award program that would honor and support the achievements of young professionals at the outset of their independent research careers in the fields of science and technology. The stated aim of the award is to help maintain the leadership position of the United States in science.[2][3]

Originally, 60 recipients received the PECASE award per year. In 2008, the number of awardees was increased to 100 annually.[1] The 2002 PECASE awards were not announced until May 2004 due to bureaucratic delays within the Bush administration.[4] The 2013 PECASE awards were announced in February 2016 after a 2-year delay.

The Trump administration announced the 2015, 2016, and 2017 awardees in 2019 with the awards presented by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.

Agencies

[edit]

The agencies participating in the PECASE Awards program are:

Recipients

[edit]

1996

[edit]

Following the creation of PECASE in February 1996, President Bill Clinton announced 60 recipients on December 16 of that year:[5][6]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]
  • Melissa Clark, VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee and Vanderbilt University
  • Joseph Cubells, VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut and Yale University

Environmental Protection Agency

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Institutes of Health

[edit]

10 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

1997

[edit]

On October 23, 1997, President Bill Clinton announced 60 recipients of the PECASE for that year:[8][9]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Institutes of Health

[edit]

11 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

1998

[edit]

On February 10, 1999, President Bill Clinton announced the 60 recipients of the PECASE for 1998:[10]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]
  • Michael H. Bergin, University of Colorado Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, NOAA (now Georgia Tech)
  • Sharon C. Glotzer, Material Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, NIST
  • Anthony J. Kearsley, Information Technology Laboratory, NIST
  • Joseph A. Shaw, Environmental Technology Laboratory, NOAA (now Montana State University)

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

12 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

1999

[edit]

On April 11, 2000, President Bill Clinton announced 59 recipients of the PECASE for 1999:[11][12]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]
  • Mary C. Nakamura, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco
  • Peter A. Ubel, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Institutes of Health

[edit]

13 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2000

[edit]

On October 24, 2000, President Bill Clinton announced 58 recipients of the PECASE for 2000:[13][2][14]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]
AFOSR
[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Institutes of Health

[edit]

12 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2001

[edit]

On June 26, 2002, President George W. Bush announced 60 PECASE recipients for 2001:[16]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]
  • Steven S. Brown, NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado
  • John M. Butler, National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • Thomas M. Hamill, NOAA Climate Diagnostics Center and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado
  • Eric K. Lin, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health

[edit]

12 awardees:

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]
  • Jeffrey R. Smith, VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
  • James A. Tulsky, VA Health Services Research and Development Service Center of Excellence in Durham, North Carolina

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2002

[edit]

The 57 honorees in 2002:[19]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health

[edit]

11 awardees:

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2003

[edit]

On September 9, 2004, President George W. Bush announced 57 honorees for 2003:[21]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health

[edit]

12 awardees:

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2004

[edit]

On June 13, 2005, President George W. Bush announced 58 awardees for 2004:[23]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health

[edit]

12 awardees:

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2005

[edit]

The 56 honorees for the year 2005:[29][30][31]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health

[edit]

12 awardees:

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2006

[edit]

The 58 honorees for 2006:[35][36]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health

[edit]

12 awardees:

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2007

[edit]

The 67 honorees for 2007:[37]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

15 awardees:

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

Department of Health and Human Services: National Institutes of Health

[edit]

12 awardees:

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2008

[edit]

The 100 honorees for 2008:[39]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

41 awardees:[1]

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

12 awardees:

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

12 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

20 awardees:

2009

[edit]

The 89 honorees for 2009:[40]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

15 awardees:

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

13 awardees:

Department of the Interior

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]
  • Matthew J. Oliver, University of Delaware
  • Rahul Ramachandran, The University of Alabama in Huntsville

National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

20 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

19 awardees:

2010

[edit]

On September 26, 2011, President Obama honored 94 scientists:[41]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

16 awardees:

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

13 awardees:

Department of the Interior

[edit]

Department of Transportation

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

Environmental Protection Agency

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

20 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

21 awardees:

Smithsonian Institution

[edit]

2011

[edit]

On July 23, 2012, President Obama presented 97 scientists with the award for 2011:[42]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

16 awardees:

Department of Education

[edit]
  • Li Cai, University of California, Los Angeles

Department of Energy

[edit]

13 awardees:

Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

22 awardees, 20 nominated by the NIH and 2 by the CDC:[2][43]

Department of the Interior

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

Environmental Protection Agency

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

21 awardees:

2012

[edit]

On December 23, 2013, President Obama presented 102 scientists with the award for 2012:[44]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

16 awardees:

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

13 awardees:

Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

23 awardees, 20 nominated by the NIH and 3 by the CDC:[2][43]

Department of the Interior

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

Environmental Protection Agency

[edit]

Intelligence Community

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

19 awardees:

Smithsonian Institution

[edit]

2013

[edit]

On February 18, 2016, President Obama presented 105 researchers with the award for 2013:[46][47]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]
  • Renee Arias, National Peanut Research Laboratory
  • Matthew Thompson, Rocky Mountain Research Station
  • Kenong Xu, Cornell University

Department of Commerce

[edit]
  • Nathan Bacheler, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Adam Creuziger, National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • Gijs de Boer, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and University of Colorado-Boulder
  • Tara Lovestead, National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • Andrew Ludlow, National Institute of Standards and Technology
  • James Thorson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Department of Defense

[edit]

17 awardees:

  • Pieter Abbeel, University of California-Berkeley
  • Deji Akinwande, University of Texas-Austin
  • Jin-Hee Cho, US Army Research Laboratory
  • Sarah Cowie, University of Nevada-Reno
  • Dino Di Carlo, University of California-Los Angeles
  • Alon Gorodetsky, University of California-Irvine
  • Elad Harel, Northwestern University
  • Patrick Hopkins, University of Virginia
  • Anya Jones, University of Maryland
  • Colin Joye, Naval Research Laboratory
  • Lena Kourkoutis, Cornell University
  • Jennifer Miksis-Olds, Pennsylvania State University
  • Timothy Ombrello, Air Force Research Laboratory
  • Heather Pidcoke, US Army Institute of Surgical Research
  • James Rondinelli, Drexel University
  • Bozhi Tian, University of Chicago
  • Luke Zettlemoyer, University of Washington

Department of Education

[edit]
  • Christopher Lemons, Peabody College of Vanderbilt University
  • Cynthia Puranik, University of Pittsburgh

Department of Energy

[edit]

13 awardees:

  • Tonio Buonassisi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Milind Kulkarni, Purdue University
  • Keji Lai, University of Texas-Austin
  • Paul Ohodnicki, Jr., National Energy Technology Laboratory
  • Michelle O'Malley, University of California, Santa Barbara
  • Matthias Schindler, University of South Carolina
  • Jonathan Simon, University of Chicago
  • Michael Stadler, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • Melissa Teague, Idaho National Laboratory
  • William Tisdale, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Jonathan B. Hopkins, University of California, Los Angeles
  • Tammy Ma, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
  • David Mascareñas, Los Alamos National Laboratory

Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

23 awardees, 20 nominated by the NIH and 3 by the CDC:[2][43]

  • Hillel Adesnik, University of California, Berkeley
  • Cheryl Broussard, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Samantha Brugmann, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
  • Namandje Bumpus, Johns Hopkins University
  • Jacob Carr, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Kafui Dzirasa, Duke University
  • Camilla Forsberg, University of California, Santa Cruz
  • Tina Goldstein, University of Pittsburgh
  • Viviana Gradinaru, California Institute of Technology
  • Jordan Green, Johns Hopkins University
  • Katie Kindt, National Institutes of Health
  • Andre Larochelle, National Institutes of Health
  • Jennifer Lorvick, RTI International
  • Courtney Miller, The Scripps Research Institute
  • Kiran Musunuru, Harvard University
  • David Pagliarini, University of Wisconsin – Madison
  • Sachin Patel, Vanderbilt University
  • Amy Ralston, University of California Santa Cruz
  • Carrie Reed, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Ervin Sejdic, University of Pittsburgh
  • Elizabeth Skidmore, University of Pittsburgh
  • Kay Tye, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Muhammad Walji, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston

Department of Interior

[edit]
  • Richard Briggs, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Jeffrey Pigati, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Maureen Purcell, U.S. Geological Survey

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]
  • Paul Marasco, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center
  • Panagiotis Roussos, James J. Peters VA Medical Center
  • Erika Wolf, VA Boston Healthcare System

Environmental Protection Agency

[edit]
  • Rebecca Dodder, EPA
  • Alex Marten, EPA

Intelligence Community

[edit]
  • Kregg Arms, National Security Agency
  • Nicole Bohannon, Central Intelligence Agency
  • Ashley Holt, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  • Jon Kosloski, National Security Agency
  • David Loveall, Federal Bureau of Investigation
  • Whitney Nelson, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]
  • James Benardini, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • Jin-Woo Han, NASA Ames Research Center
  • Michele Manuel, University of Florida
  • Andrew Molthan, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
  • Colleen Mouw, Michigan Technological University
  • Vikram Shyam, NASA Glenn Research Center

National Science Foundation

[edit]

21 awardees:

  • Adam Abate, University of California at San Francisco
  • Marcel Agueros, Columbia University
  • Arezoo Ardekani, University of Notre Dame
  • Cullen Buie, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Erin Carlson, Indiana University
  • Antonius Dieker, Georgia Tech Research Corporation
  • Erika Edwards, Brown University
  • Julia Grigsby, Boston College
  • Todd Gureckis, New York University
  • Tessa Hill, University of California - Davis
  • Daniel Krashen, University of Georgia
  • Rahul Mangharam, University of Pennsylvania
  • David Masiello, University of Washington
  • Daniel McCloskey, College of Staten Island, City University of New York
  • Shwetak Patel, University of Washington
  • Aaron Roth, University of Pennsylvania
  • Sayeef Salahuddin, University of California, Berkeley
  • Jakita Thomas, Spelman College
  • Joachim Walther, University of Georgia
  • Kristen Wendell, University of Massachusetts-Boston
  • Benjamin Williams, University of California-Los Angeles

2014

[edit]

On January 9, 2017, President Obama presented the 99 scientists with the award for 2014:[48]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]

16 awardees:

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

13 awardees:

Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

23 awardees, 20 nominated by the NIH and 3 by the CDC:[2][43]

Department of the Interior

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

Environmental Protection Agency

[edit]

Intelligence Community

[edit]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

National Science Foundation

[edit]

19 awardees:

Smithsonian Institution

[edit]

2015–2017

[edit]

On July 2, 2019, President Trump announced 315 recipients of the award, completing awards for the 2015, 2016, and 2017 classes:[49]

Department of Agriculture

[edit]

Department of Commerce

[edit]

18 awardees:

  • Elizabeth Siddon, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center
  • Andrew Hoell, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Earth System Research Laboratory
  • Brian McDonald, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
  • Andrew Rollins, University of Colorado – Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science
  • Melissa Soldevilla, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center
  • Michelle Barbieri, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
  • Edwin Chan, National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory
  • Alexey Gorshkov, National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory
  • Behrang Hamadani, National Institute of Standards and Technology Engineering Laboratory
  • Stephen Jordan, National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Laboratory
  • Kathryn Keenan, National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory
  • David Long, National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory
  • Elijah Petersen, National Institute of Standards and Technology Material Measurement Laboratory
  • Franklyn Quinlan, National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory
  • Laura Sinclair, National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory
  • Varun Verma, National Institute of Standards and Technology Physical Measurement Laboratory
  • Eric Anderson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory
  • Jeffrey Snyder, Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorology

Department of Defense

[edit]

47 awardees, including 12 nominated by the Army Research Office (ARO) and 12 nominated by the Office of Naval Research (ONR): (to-do: further organize)

Army Research Office (ARO)
[edit]

12 awardees,[50] 4 per year:[51]

ARO (2015)
[edit]
ARO (2016)
[edit]
ARO (2017)
[edit]
Office of Naval Research
[edit]

12 awardees:[52]

Department of Education

[edit]

Department of Energy

[edit]

39 awardees:

Department of Health and Human Services

[edit]

67 awardees, 60 nominated through the NIH and 7 nominated through the CDC:[2][43]

Department of the Interior

[edit]

Department of Veterans Affairs

[edit]

Environmental Protection Agency

[edit]

Intelligence Community

[edit]

17 awardees:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

[edit]

18 awardees:

National Science Foundation

[edit]

In 2015–2017, the NSF had the following 80 awardees.

NSF (2015)
[edit]

26 awardees:

NSF (2016)
[edit]

27 awardees:

NSF (2017)
[edit]

27 awardees:

Smithsonian Institution

[edit]

2018

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]
Army Research Office
[edit]

4 awardees:[51]

2019

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]
Army Research Office
[edit]

2021

[edit]

Department of Defense

[edit]
Army Research Office
[edit]

4 awardees:[53]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Jeffrey Karpicke was nominated by both the Department of Education and the National Science Foundation

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mervis, Jeffrey (July 15, 2009). "DOD Dominates Presidential Early-Career Awards". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "NIH Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE)". NIH Grants & Funding. NIH. Retrieved May 21, 2023.
  3. ^ "Program Announcement for Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE)". February 7, 1998. Archived from the original on February 7, 1998. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  4. ^ "ScienceNOW -- Mervis 2004 (506): 4". January 23, 2005. Archived from the original on January 23, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  5. ^ "President Selects Outstanding Young Scientists". White House Office of the Press Secretary. December 16, 1996. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  6. ^ "Twenty NSF-Nominated Scientists and Engineers Receive Top Presidential Honor". National Science Foundation. December 16, 1996. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  7. ^ "Professional Web Pages: John Daniel". Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  8. ^ "President Names Outstanding Young U.S. Scientists". White House Office of the Press Secretary. October 23, 1997. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  9. ^ "Twenty NSF-Supported Young Scientists and Engineers Receive Presidential Award". National Science Foundation. October 24, 1997. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ "President Names Outstanding Young U.S. Scientists". Clinton3.nara.gov. February 10, 1999. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  11. ^ "President Clinton Honors Outstanding Young Scientists". White House Office of the Press Secretary. April 11, 2000. Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  12. ^ "President Honors Top Junior Faculty in Science and Engineering". National Science Foundation. April 11, 2000. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  13. ^ "NIST's Jin and Keller Honored With PECASE Awards". National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 24, 2000. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ "DOE's Winners Since 1996". U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ^ "Nguyen, Sonbinh T." Fellowship Directory. The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  16. ^ "2001 Presidential Early Career Awards Announced". White House Office of the Press Secretary. June 26, 2002. Archived from the original on March 12, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
  17. ^ "Three Lab researchers receive Presidential Early Career Awards". ORNL Reporter. No. 39. July 2002. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  18. ^ "Two Duke University Medical Center Researchers Receive Presidential Early Career Award". Duke Health. July 12, 2002. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  19. ^ "White House Announces Awards for Early Career Scientists and Engineers". Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President. May 4, 2004. Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2018 – via prnewswire.com.
  20. ^ "Mark E. Lewis". Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell Engineering. November 10, 2018.
  21. ^ "White House Announces 2003 Awards for Early Career Scientists and Engineers". whitehouse.gov. September 9, 2004. Retrieved November 12, 2018 – via National Archives.
  22. ^ "NASA - NASA Scientist Recognized As Innovator". Nasa.gov. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  23. ^ "White House Announces 2004 Awards for Early Career Scientists and Engineers" (PDF). Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President. June 13, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 15, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  24. ^ "John C. Howell". Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  25. ^ "Department of Physiology | Perelman School Of Medicine | University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia, Pa". www.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  26. ^ "Marisela F. Morales, Ph.D." Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  27. ^ "David V Anderson". School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology. November 12, 2018.
  28. ^ "Wei Li". Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  29. ^ "White House Announces 2005 Awards for Early Career Scientists and Engineers" (PDF). Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President. July 26, 2006. Retrieved November 12, 2018 – via Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin.
  30. ^