PPP1R14A

PPP1R14A
Identifiers
Aliases	PPP1R14A, CPI-17, CPI17, PPP1INL, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14A
External IDs	OMIM: 608153; MGI: 1931139; HomoloGene: 12267; GeneCards: PPP1R14A; OMA:PPP1R14A - orthologs
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	28,993,226 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right coronary artery; ; ascending aorta; ; popliteal artery; ; left coronary artery; ; saphenous vein; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; gastric mucosa; ; right lung; ; substantia nigra; ; left uterine tube;
	Top expressed in
	tunica media of zone of aorta; ; ascending aorta; ; umbilical cord; ; lumbar subsegment of spinal cord; ; right lung; ; left lung lobe; ; aortic valve; ; right lung lobe; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; deep cerebellar nuclei;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein phosphatase inhibitor activity; protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol;
Biological process	regulation of phosphorylation; negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	94274
	68458
	n/a
	ENSMUSG00000037166
	Q96A00
	Q91VC7
	NM_033256; NM_001243947
	NM_026731
	NP_001230876; NP_150281
	NP_081007
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A also known as CPI-17 (C-kinase potentiated Protein phosphatase-1 Inhibitor Mr = 17 kDa) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R14A gene.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Function

CPI-17 is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitor protein of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase, discovered in pig aortic homogenates. Phosphorylation of the Thr-38 residue converts the protein into a potent inhibitor for myosin phosphatase. A single phosphorylation of CPI-17 at Thr-38 triggers a global conformational change that causes re-alignment of four helices. Multiple kinases are identified to phosphorylate CPI-17, such as PKC, ROCK, PKN, ZIPK, ILK, and PAK. Agonist stimulation of smooth muscle enhances CPI-17 phosphorylation mainly through PKC and ROCK. Myosin phosphatase inhibition increases myosin phosphorylation and smooth muscle contraction in the absence of increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. This phenomenon is known as Ca²⁺ sensitization, which occurs in response to agonist stimulation of smooth muscle. In Purkinje neuron, CPI-17 is involved in long-term synaptic depression.

There are three homologues of CPI-17:

Phosphatase Holoenzyme Inhibitor (PHI: PPP1R14B),
Kinase Enhanced Phosphatase Inhibitor (KEPI: PPP1R14C), and
Gastric-Brain Phosphatase Inhibitor (GBPI: PPP1R14D).

Clinical significance

CPI-17 is up-regulated some cancer cells, and causes hyperphosphorylation of tumor suppressor merlin/NF2.^[7]^[6] In prostate cancer, CPI-17 expressions are reported to be associated with GWAS risk SNP rs7247241 T allele and increase cell proliferation. ^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037166 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Eto M, Ohmori T, Suzuki M, Furuya K, Morita F (December 1995). "A novel protein phosphatase-1 inhibitory protein potentiated by protein kinase C. Isolation from porcine aorta media and characterization". Journal of Biochemistry. 118 (6): 1104–1107. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124993. PMID 8720121.
^ Yamawaki K, Ito M, Machida H, Moriki N, Okamoto R, Isaka N, et al. (July 2001). "Identification of human CPI-17, an inhibitory phosphoprotein for myosin phosphatase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 285 (4): 1040–1045. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5290. PMID 11467857.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PPP1R14A protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A".
^ Eto M (December 2009). "Regulation of cellular protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) by phosphorylation of the CPI-17 family, C-kinase-activated PP1 inhibitors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (51): 35273–35277. doi:10.1074/jbc.R109.059972. PMC 2790955. PMID 19846560.
^ Tian Y, Soupir A, Liu Q, Wu L, Huang CC, Park JY, Wang L (November 2021). "Novel role of prostate cancer risk variant rs7247241 on PPP1R14A isoform transition through allelic TF binding and CpG methylation". Human Molecular Genetics. 31 (10): 1610–1621. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddab347. PMC 9122641. PMID 34849858.

Eto M, Ohmori T, Suzuki M, Furuya K, Morita F (December 1995). "A novel protein phosphatase-1 inhibitory protein potentiated by protein kinase C. Isolation from porcine aorta media and characterization". Journal of Biochemistry. 118 (6): 1104–1107. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124993. PMID 8720121.
Eto M, Senba S, Morita F, Yazawa M (June 1997). "Molecular cloning of a novel phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein of protein phosphatase-1 (CPI17) in smooth muscle: its specific localization in smooth muscle". FEBS Letters. 410 (2–3): 356–360. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00657-1. PMID 9237662. S2CID 83782622.
Koyama M, Ito M, Feng J, Seko T, Shiraki K, Takase K, et al. (June 2000). "Phosphorylation of CPI-17, an inhibitory phosphoprotein of smooth muscle myosin phosphatase, by Rho-kinase". FEBS Letters. 475 (3): 197–200. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01654-9. PMID 10869555. S2CID 24077777.
Hamaguchi T, Ito M, Feng J, Seko T, Koyama M, Machida H, et al. (August 2000). "Phosphorylation of CPI-17, an inhibitor of myosin phosphatase, by protein kinase N". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 274 (3): 825–830. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3225. PMID 10924361.
Li Z, Yu L, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhang P, Wan B, et al. (2002). "Identification of human, mouse and rat PPP1R14A, protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor subunit 14A, & mapping human PPP1R14A to chromosome 19q13.13-q13.2". Molecular Biology Reports. 28 (2): 91–101. doi:10.1023/A:1017998029053. PMID 11931393. S2CID 37230257.
Dubois T, Howell S, Zemlickova E, Aitken A (April 2002). "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners". FEBS Letters. 517 (1–3): 167–171. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02614-5. PMID 12062430. S2CID 84792445.
Liu QR, Zhang PW, Lin Z, Li QF, Woods AS, Troncoso J, Uhl GR (January 2004). "GBPI, a novel gastrointestinal- and brain-specific PP1-inhibitory protein, is activated by PKC and inactivated by PKA". The Biochemical Journal. 377 (Pt 1): 171–181. doi:10.1042/BJ20030128. PMC 1223837. PMID 12974676.
Eto M, Kitazawa T, Brautigan DL (June 2004). "Phosphoprotein inhibitor CPI-17 specificity depends on allosteric regulation of protein phosphatase-1 by regulatory subunits". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (24): 8888–8893. Bibcode:2004PNAS..101.8888E. doi:10.1073/pnas.0307812101. PMC 428442. PMID 15184667.
Zemlickova E, Johannes FJ, Aitken A, Dubois T (March 2004). "Association of CPI-17 with protein kinase C and casein kinase I". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 316 (1): 39–47. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.014. PMID 15003508.
Kolosova IA, Ma SF, Adyshev DM, Wang P, Ohba M, Natarajan V, et al. (November 2004). "Role of CPI-17 in the regulation of endothelial cytoskeleton". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 287 (5): L970–L980. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00398.2003. PMID 15234908.
Jin H, Sperka T, Herrlich P, Morrison H (August 2006). "Tumorigenic transformation by CPI-17 through inhibition of a merlin phosphatase". Nature. 442 (7102): 576–579. Bibcode:2006Natur.442..576J. doi:10.1038/nature04856. PMID 16885985.
Morin C, Sirois M, Echave V, Gomes MM, Rousseau E (May 2007). "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid relaxing effects involve Ca2+-activated K+ channel activation and CPI-17 dephosphorylation in human bronchi". American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 36 (5): 633–641. doi:10.1165/rcmb.2006-0281OC. PMID 17237191.
Lartey J, Smith M, Pawade J, Strachan B, Mellor H, López Bernal A (June 2007). "Up-regulation of myometrial RHO effector proteins (PKN1 and DIAPH1) and CPI-17 (PPP1R14A) phosphorylation in human pregnancy is associated with increased GTP-RHOA in spontaneous preterm labor". Biology of Reproduction. 76 (6): 971–982. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.106.058982. PMID 17301291.
Eto M, Kitazawa T, Matsuzawa F, Aikawa S, Kirkbride JA, Isozumi N, et al. (December 2007). "Phosphorylation-induced conformational switching of CPI-17 produces a potent myosin phosphatase inhibitor". Structure. 15 (12): 1591–1602. doi:10.1016/j.str.2007.10.014. PMC 2217667. PMID 18073109.
Dimopoulos GJ, Semba S, Kitazawa K, Eto M, Kitazawa T (January 2007). "Ca2+-dependent rapid Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in arterial smooth muscle". Circulation Research. 100 (1): 121–129. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000253902.90489.df. PMC 2212616. PMID 17158339.
Kim JI, Young GD, Jin L, Somlyo AV, Eto M (August 2009). "Expression of CPI-17 in smooth muscle during embryonic development and in neointimal lesion formation". Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 132 (2): 191–198. doi:10.1007/s00418-009-0604-2. PMC 2878480. PMID 19437030.
Kitazawa T, Semba S, Huh YH, Kitazawa K, Eto M (July 2009). "Nitric oxide-induced biphasic mechanism of vascular relaxation via dephosphorylation of CPI-17 and MYPT1". The Journal of Physiology. 587 (Pt 14): 3587–3603. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.172189. PMC 2742283. PMID 19470783.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 19 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCm38Ensembl-1] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037166 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid=_8720121-4] Eto M, Ohmori T, Suzuki M, Furuya K, Morita F (December 1995). "A novel protein phosphatase-1 inhibitory protein potentiated by protein kinase C. Isolation from porcine aorta media and characterization". Journal of Biochemistry. 118 (6): 1104–1107. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124993. PMID 8720121.

[pmid11467857-5] Yamawaki K, Ito M, Machida H, Moriki N, Okamoto R, Isaka N, et al. (July 2001). "Identification of human CPI-17, an inhibitory phosphoprotein for myosin phosphatase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 285 (4): 1040–1045. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5290. PMID 11467857.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: PPP1R14A protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A".

[pmid=_19846560-7] Eto M (December 2009). "Regulation of cellular protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) by phosphorylation of the CPI-17 family, C-kinase-activated PP1 inhibitors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (51): 35273–35277. doi:10.1074/jbc.R109.059972. PMC 2790955. PMID 19846560.

[8] Tian Y, Soupir A, Liu Q, Wu L, Huang CC, Park JY, Wang L (November 2021). "Novel role of prostate cancer risk variant rs7247241 on PPP1R14A isoform transition through allelic TF binding and CpG methylation". Human Molecular Genetics. 31 (10): 1610–1621. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddab347. PMC 9122641. PMID 34849858.

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PPP1R14A

Function

Clinical significance

References

Further reading