List of infectious diseases

"List of endemic diseases" redirects here. This list includes endemic, epidemic, pandemic, and eradicated diseases.

This is a list of infectious diseases arranged by name, along with the infectious agents that cause them, the vaccines that can prevent or cure them when they exist and their current status. Some on the list are vaccine-preventable diseases.

List

[edit]
Infectious agent Common name Diagnosis Treatment Vaccine(s)
Acinetobacter baumannii Acinetobacter infections Culture Supportive care No
Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus Actinomycosis Histologic findings Penicillin, doxycycline, and sulfonamides No
Adenoviridae Adenovirus infection Antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction assay, virus isolation, and serology Most infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment. Under research[1]
Trypanosoma brucei African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) Identification of trypanosomes in a sample by microscopic examination Fexinidazole by mouth or pentamidine by injection for T. b. gambiense.

Suramin by injection is used for T. b. rhodesiense

Under research[2]
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Antibody test, p24 antigen test, PCR Treatment is typically a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) Under research[3]
Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis Microscopy Those with symptoms require treatment with an amoebicidal tissue-active agent and a luminal cysticidal agent. Individuals that are asymptomatic only need a luminal cysticidal agent. No
Anaplasma species Anaplasmosis indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay for IgG Tetracycline drugs (including tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) and imidocarb No
Angiostrongylus Angiostrongyliasis Lumbar puncture, brain imaging, serology Albendazole No
Anisakis Anisakiasis Gastroscopic examination, or histopathologic examination Albendazole No
Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Culture, PCR Large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, or penicillin Yes
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection Culture in human blood agar plates erythromycin (proposed as the first-line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and cephalosporins No
Junin virus Argentine hemorrhagic fever Yes[4]
Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis Fecal smear Albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and pyrantel pamoate No
Aspergillus species Aspergillosis Chest X-ray and CT, microscopy by silver stains Voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B in combination with surgical debridement No
Astroviridae species Astrovirus infection Electron microscopy, enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reaction Supportive care No
Babesia species Babesiosis Giemsa-stained thin-film blood smear Atovaquone and azithromycin. In life-threatening cases, exchange transfusion is performed. No
Bacillus cereus Bacillus cereus infection Culture Vancomycin No
multiple bacteria Bacterial meningitis Lumbar puncture (contraindicated if there is a mass in the brain or the intracranial pressure is elevated), CT or MRI Antibiotics No
multiple bacteria Bacterial pneumonia Sputum Gram stain and culture, Chest radiography Antibiotics No
List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota Bacterial vaginosis Gram stain and whiff test Metronidazole or clindamycin No
Bacteroides species Bacteroides infection No
Balantidium coli Balantidiasis microscopic examination of stools, or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy Tetracycline, metronidazole or iodoquinol No
Bartonella Bartonellosis microscopy, serology, and PCR Antibiotics No
Baylisascaris species Baylisascaris infection No
BK virus BK virus infection No
Piedraia hortae Black piedra Stain or culture Antifungal shampoos such as pyrithione zinc, formaldehyde and salicylic acid No
Blastocystis species Blastocystosis microscopic examination of a chemically preserved stool specimen Lack of scientific study to support the efficacy of any particular treatment No
Blastomyces dermatitidis Blastomycosis KOH prep, cytology, or histology Itraconazole or ketoconazole No
Machupo virus Bolivian hemorrhagic fever No
Clostridium botulinum; Note: Botulism is not an infection by Clostridium botulinum but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin. Botulism (and Infant botulism) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), electrochemiluminescent (ECL) tests Botulism antitoxin and supportive care No
Sabiá virus Brazilian hemorrhagic fever No
Brucella species Brucellosis Culture Tetracyclines, rifampicin, and the aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicin Yes[5]
Yersinia pestis Bubonic plague Culture Aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin, tetracyclines (especially doxycycline), and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin Under research[6]
usually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia species Burkholderia infection No
Mycobacterium ulcerans Buruli ulcer real-time PCR The most widely used antibiotic regimen is once daily oral rifampicin plus twice daily oral clarithromycin. No
Caliciviridae species Calicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus) No
Campylobacter species Campylobacteriosis Stool culture Erythromycin can be used in children, and tetracycline in adults. No
usually Candida albicans and other Candida species Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush) oral candidiasis, the person's mouth for white patches and irritation.

vaginal candidiasis, vaginal itching or soreness, pain during sexual intercourse

Antifungal medications No
Intestinal disease by Capillaria philippinensis, hepatic disease by Capillaria hepatica and pulmonary disease by Capillaria aerophila Capillariasis No
Streptococcus mutans Dental caries Under research[7]
Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease Peripheral blood smear with Giemsa stain, Columbia blood agar cultures, immunoblot, indirect immunofluorescence, and PCR Fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin) or chloramphenicol in adults and chloramphenicol plus beta-lactams in children No
Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Polymerase chain reaction Azithromycin No
usually Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus Cellulitis history and physical examination Penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillin or a first-generation cephalosporin No
Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) Microscopic examination of fresh anticoagulated blood, or its buffy coat, for motile parasites; or by preparation of thin and thick blood smears stained with Giemsa. Benznidazole and nifurtimox (though benznidazole is the only drug available in most of Latin America) Under research[8]
Haemophilus ducreyi Chancroid Clinical diagnosis The CDC recommendation is either a single oral dose (1 gram) of azithromycin, a single IM dose (250 mg) of ceftriaxone, oral (500 mg) of erythromycin three times a day for seven days, or oral (500 mg) of ciprofloxacin twice a day for three days. No
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Chickenpox The diagnosis of chickenpox is primarily based on the signs and symptoms, with typical early symptoms followed by a characteristic rash. Aciclovir Yes
Alphavirus Chikungunya Laboratory criteria include a decreased lymphocyte count consistent with viremia.

Definitive laboratory diagnosis can be accomplished through viral isolation, RT-PCR, or serological diagnosis.

Supportive care Under research[9]
Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement amplification (SDA) azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, levofloxacin or ofloxacin No
Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection (Taiwan acute respiratory agent or TWAR) No
Vibrio cholerae Cholera A rapid dipstick test is available. oral rehydration therapy (ORT) Yes
usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi Chromoblastomycosis microscopy (KOH scrapings) Itraconazole, an antifungal azole, is given orally, with or without flucytosine. No
Batrachochytrium dendrabatidis Chytridiomycosis No
Clonorchis sinensis Clonorchiasis No
Clostridioides difficile Clostridioides difficile colitis Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, cytotoxicity assay, toxin ELISA Vancomycin or fidaxomicin by mouth No
Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii Coccidioidomycosis No
Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV) Colorado tick fever (CTF) No
usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza) Based on symptoms Supportive care No
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Yes
Coxsackie B virus Coxsackie B virus infection Enterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via serological tests such as ELISA and from cell culture. There is no well-accepted treatment for the Coxsackie B group of viruses. Under research[10]
PRNP Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) No
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) No
Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcosis India ink of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Intravenous Amphotericin B combined with flucytosine by mouth No
Cryptosporidium species Cryptosporidiosis No
usually Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple other parasites Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) No
Cyclospora cayetanensis Cyclosporiasis No
Taenia solium Cysticercosis No
Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus infection Blood and urine tests, biopsy Cidofovir, foscarnet, ganciclovir, valganciclovir Under research[11]
Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – Flaviviruses Dengue fever Clinical diagnosis Treatment depends on the symptoms. Yes
Green algae Desmodesmus armatus Desmodesmus infection No
Dientamoeba fragilis Dientamoebiasis No
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Laboratory criteria
  • Isolation of C. diphtheriae culture
  • Histopathologic diagnosis

Toxin demonstration

  • In vivo tests (guinea pig inoculation)
  • In vitro test: Elek's gel precipitation test, PCR, ELISA, ICA

Clinical criteria

  • URT illness with sore throat
  • Low-grade fever
  • An adherent, dense, grey pseudomembrane covering the posterior aspect of the pharynx
 Metronidazole, Erythromycin, Procaine penicillin G Yes
Diphyllobothrium Diphyllobothriasis No
Dracunculus medinensis Dracunculiasis No
Eastern equine encephalitis virus Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) Blood tests Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and supportive measures (treating symptoms) Under research[12]
Ebolavirus (EBOV) Ebola hemorrhagic fever Yes
Echinococcus species Echinococcosis Imaging, Serology test Surgical removal of the cysts combined with chemotherapy No
Ehrlichia species Ehrlichiosis Under research[13]
Enterobius vermicularis Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection) No
Enterococcus species Enterococcus infection No
Enterovirus species Enterovirus infection No
Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus No
Parvovirus B19 Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) No
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) Exanthem subitum (Sixth disease) No
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica Fasciolasis No
Fasciolopsis buski Fasciolopsiasis No
PRNP Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) No
Filarioidea superfamily Filariasis No
Clostridium perfringens Food poisoning by Clostridium perfringens Stool test Supportive care No
multiple Free-living amebic infection No
Fusobacterium species Fusobacterium infection No
usually Clostridium perfringens; other Clostridium species Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis) No
Geotrichum candidum Geotrichosis No
PRNP Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) No
Giardia lamblia Giardiasis Detection of antigens on the surface of organisms in stool Treatment is not always necessary. If medications are needed, a nitroimidazole medication is used such as metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole or ornidazole. No
Burkholderia mallei Glanders No
Gnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum Gnathostomiasis No
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea Gram stain and culture Ceftriaxone by injection and azithromycin by mouth Under research[14]
Klebsiella granulomatis Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) No
Streptococcus pyogenes Group A streptococcal infection Culture Penicillin No
Streptococcus agalactiae Group B streptococcal infection Gram stain Penicillin and ampicillin No
Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae infection Gram stain In severe cases, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone delivered into the bloodstream, and for the less severe cases, an association of ampicillin and sulbactam, cephalosporins of the second and third generation, or fluoroquinolones are preferred. Yes
Enteroviruses, mainly Coxsackie A virus and enterovirus 71 (EV71) Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) A diagnosis usually can be made by the presenting signs and symptoms alone. If the diagnosis is unclear, a throat swab or stool specimen may be taken. Medications are usually not needed as hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral disease that typically resolves on its own. Under research[15][16]
Sin Nombre virus Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) No
Heartland virus Heartland virus disease No
Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter pylori infection No
Escherichia coli O157:H7, O111 and O104:H4 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) First diagnosis of aHUS is often made in the context of an initial, complement-triggering infection, and Shiga-toxin has also been implicated as a trigger that identifies patients with aHUS. Treatment involves supportive care and may include dialysis, steroids, blood transfusions, and plasmapheresis. No
Bunyaviridae species Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) HFRS is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and serological evidence is often needed. There is no cure for HFRS. Treatment involves supportive therapy including renal dialysis. No
Hendra virus Hendra virus infection No
Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A Blood tests Supportive care, liver transplantation Yes
Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B Blood tests Antiviral medication (tenofovir, interferon), liver transplantation Yes
Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C Blood testing for antibodies or viral RNA Antivirals (sofosbuvir, simeprevir, others) Under research[17]
Hepatitis D Virus Hepatitis D Immunoglobulin G Antivirals, pegylated interferon alpha No
Hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E Hepatitis E virus (HEV) Rest, ribavirin (if chronic) Yes
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) Herpes simplex Based on symptoms, PCR, viral culture Aciclovir, valaciclovir, paracetamol (acetaminophen), topical lidocaine No
Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed by samples containing the fungus taken from sputum (via bronchoalveolar lavage), blood, or infected organs. In the majority of immunocompetent individuals, histoplasmosis resolves without any treatment. Typical treatment of severe disease first involves treatment with amphotericin B, followed by oral itraconazole. No
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus Hookworm infection Under research[18]
Human bocavirus (HBoV) Human bocavirus infection No
Ehrlichia ewingii Human ewingii ehrlichiosis The diagnosis can be confirmed by using PCR. A peripheral blood smear can also be examined for intracytoplasmic inclusions called morulae. Doxycycline No
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) PCR Doxycycline No
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) Human metapneumovirus infection No
Ehrlichia chaffeensis Human monocytic ehrlichiosis PCR Doxycycline No
One of the human papillomaviruses Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Yes
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) Human parainfluenza virus infection Under research[19][20]
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection Under research[21][22]
Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta Hymenolepiasis Examination of the stool for eggs and parasites Praziquantel, niclosamide No
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis (Mono) Diagnostic modalities for infectious mononucleosis include: Infectious mononucleosis is generally self-limiting, so only symptomatic or supportive treatments are used. Under research[23]
Orthomyxoviridae species Influenza (flu) Diagnostic methods that can identify influenza include viral cultures, antibody- and antigen-detecting tests, and nucleic acid-based tests. Treatment of influenza in cases of mild or moderate illness is supportive and includes anti-fever medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, adequate fluid intake to avoid dehydration, and resting at home. Under research[24]
Yes
Isospora belli Isosporiasis Microscopic demonstration of the large typically shaped oocysts is the basis for diagnosis. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole No
Japanese encephalitis virus Japanese encephalitis Available tests detecting JE virus-specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid, for example by IgM capture ELISA. Supportive Yes
unknown; evidence supports that it is infectious Kawasaki disease Based on symptoms, ultrasound of the heart Aspirin, immunoglobulin No
multiple Keratitis Infectious keratitis generally requires urgent antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral therapy to eliminate the pathogen. No
Kingella kingae Kingella kingae infection No
PRNP Kuru Autopsy None No
Lassa virus Lassa fever Laboratory testing Supportive No
Legionella pneumophila Legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease) Urinary antigen test, sputum culture Effective antibiotics include most macrolides, tetracyclines, ketolides, and quinolones. No
Legionella pneumophila Pontiac fever No
Leishmania species Leishmaniasis Hematology laboratory by direct visualization of the amastigotes (Leishman–Donovan bodies). For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, liposomal amphotericin B is the recommended treatment and is often used as a single dose. Under research[25]
Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis Leprosy In countries where people are frequently infected, a person is considered to have leprosy if they have one of the following two signs:
  • Skin lesion consistent with leprosy and with definite sensory loss.
  • Positive skin smears.
 Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine Under research[26]
Leptospira species Leptospirosis Testing blood for antibodies against the bacterium or its DNA Doxycycline, penicillin, ceftriaxone Yes
Listeria monocytogenes Listeriosis Culture of blood or spinal fluid Ampicillin, gentamicin No
Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) Based on symptoms, tick exposure, blood tests Doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime Under research[27]
Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis) Microscopic examination of blood Albendazole with ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine No
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Blood test Symptomatic and supportive No
Plasmodium species Malaria Examination of the blood, antigen detection tests Antimalarial medication Yes
Marburg virus Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) Blood test Supportive Under research[28]
Measles virus Measles Onset of fever and malaise about 10 days after exposure to the measles virus, followed by the emergence of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis that worsen in severity over 4 days of appearing. Observation of Koplik's spots is also diagnostic. Supportive care Yes
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) rRT-PCR testing Symptomatic and supportive Under research[29]
Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease) Growing the bacteria in culture mediums Ceftazidime, meropenem, co-trimoxazole No
multiple Meningitis Lumbar puncture Antibiotics, antivirals, steroids No
Neisseria meningitidis Meningococcal disease Treatment in primary care usually involves intramuscular administration of benzylpenicillin. Once in the hospital, the antibiotics of choice are usually IV broad spectrum 3rd generation cephalosporins. Yes
usually Metagonimus yokagawai Metagonimiasis Metagonimiasis is diagnosed by eggs seen in feces. Praziquantel No
Microsporidia phylum Microsporidiosis PCR Fumagillin has been used in the treatment. Another agent used is albendazole. No
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) Molluscum contagiosum (MC) Based on appearance Cimetidine, podophyllotoxin No
Monkeypox virus Mpox Testing for viral DNA Supportive, antivirals, vaccinia immune globulin Yes
Mumps virus Mumps Antibody testing, viral cultures, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Supportive Yes
Rickettsia typhi Murine typhus (Endemic typhus) Early diagnosis continued to be based on clinical suspicion. The most effective antibiotics include tetracycline and chloramphenicol. No
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumonia Chest X-Ray, Chest CT, blood test Erythromycin, doxycycline No
Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma genitalium infection Nucleic acid amplification test Azithromycin, moxifloxacin No
numerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma) Mycetoma Ultrasound, fine needle aspiration Antibiotics or antifungal medication No
parasitic dipterous fly larvae Myiasis Examination and serologic testing Petroleum jelly over the central punctum No
most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum) Antibiotic ointment (erythromycin, tetracycline, or rarely silver nitrate or Argyrol) No
Nipah virus Nipah virus infection Under research[30]
Norovirus Norovirus Based on symptoms Supportive care Under research[31]
PRNP (New) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD) No
usually Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species Nocardiosis chest x-ray to analyze the lungs, a bronchoscopy, a brain/lung/skin biopsy, or a sputum culture. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or high doses of sulfonamides No
Onchocerca volvulus Onchocerciasis (River blindness) Under research[32]
Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus Opisthorchiasis No
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) No
usually Paragonimus westermani and other Paragonimus species Paragonimiasis No
Pasteurella species Pasteurellosis No
Pediculus humanus capitis Pediculosis capitis (Head lice) No
Pediculus humanus corporis Pediculosis corporis (Body lice) No
Pthirus pubis Pediculosis pubis (pubic lice, crab lice) No
multiple Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Based on symptoms, ultrasound, laparoscopic surgery Typical regimens include cefoxitin or cefotetan plus doxycycline, and clindamycin plus gentamicin. No
Bordetella pertussis Pertussis (whooping cough) Nasopharyngeal swab erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin Yes
Yersinia pestis Plague Finding the bacterium in a lymph node, blood, sputum Gentamicin and a fluoroquinolone Under research[6]
Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumococcal infection Culture cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin Yes
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) chest X-ray and an arterial oxygen level trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole No
multiple Pneumonia Based on symptoms, chest X-ray Antibiotics, antivirals, oxygen therapy No
Poliovirus Poliomyelitis Finding the virus in the feces or antibodies in the blood supportive care Yes
Prevotella species Prevotella infection No
usually Naegleria fowleri Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) flagellation test Miltefosine, fluconazole, amphotericin B, posaconazole, voriconazole, targeted temperature management No
JC virus Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy finding JC virus DNA in spinal fluid, brain CT No
Chlamydophila psittaci Psittacosis Culture tetracyclines and chloramphenicol No
Coxiella burnetii Q fever Based on serology doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin Yes
Rabies virus Rabies fluorescent antibody test (FAT) Supportive care Yes
Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia recurrentis, and other Borrelia species Relapsing fever blood smear Tetracycline-class antibiotics No
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Respiratory syncytial virus infection A variety of laboratory tests Treatment for RSV infection is focused primarily on supportive care. Under research[33]
Rhinosporidium seeberi Rhinosporidiosis No
Rhinovirus Rhinovirus infection No
Rickettsia species Rickettsial infection No
Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox No
Rift Valley fever virus Rift Valley fever (RVF) No
Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) No
Rotavirus Rotavirus infection Yes
Rubella virus Rubella Yes
Salmonella species Salmonellosis No
SARS coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Under research[34]
Sarcoptes scabiei Scabies No
Group A Streptococcus species Scarlet fever No
Schistosoma species Schistosomiasis Under research[35]
multiple Sepsis No
Shigella species Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) No
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Shingles (Herpes zoster) Yes[36]
Variola major or Variola minor Smallpox (variola) Yes
Sporothrix schenckii Sporotrichosis No
Staphylococcus species Staphylococcal food poisoning No
Staphylococcus species Staphylococcal infection No
Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis No
Measles virus Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis Yes
Treponema pallidum Bejel, Syphilis, and Yaws Under research[37]
Taenia species Taeniasis No
Clostridium tetani Tetanus (lockjaw) Yes
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) Tick-borne encephalitis Yes
usually Trichophyton species Tinea barbae (barber's itch) No
usually Trichophyton tonsurans Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) No
usually Trichophyton species Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body) No
usually Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes Tinea cruris (Jock itch) No
Trichophyton rubrum Tinea manum (ringworm of the hand) No
usually Hortaea werneckii Tinea nigra No
usually Trichophyton species Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) No
usually Trichophyton species Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) No
Malassezia species Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor) No
Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Under research[38][39]
Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati Toxocariasis (ocular larva migrans (OLM)) No
Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans (VLM)) No
Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis No
Chlamydia trachomatis Trachoma No
Trichinella spiralis Trichinosis No
Trichomonas vaginalis Trichomoniasis No
Trichuris trichiura Trichuriasis (whipworm infection) No
usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Yes
Francisella tularensis Tularemia Under research[40]
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi Typhoid fever Yes
Rickettsia Typhus fever No
Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma urealyticum infection No
Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii.[41] Valley fever No
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis No
Guanarito virus Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever No
Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio vulnificus infection No
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis No
multiple viruses Viral pneumonia No
West Nile virus West Nile fever Under research[42]
Trichosporon beigelii White piedra (tinea blanca) No
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection No
Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis No
Yellow fever virus Yellow fever Yes
Zeaspora fungus Zeaspora No
Zika virus Zika fever Under research[43]
Mucorales order (Mucormycosis) and Entomophthorales order (Entomophthoramycosis) Zygomycosis No

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kuschner, R. A.; Russell, K. L.; Abuja, M.; Bauer, K. M.; Faix, D. J.; Hait, H.; Henrick, J.; Jacobs, M.; Liss, A.; Lynch, J. A.; Liu, Q.; Lyons, A. G.; Malik, M.; Moon, J. E.; Stubbs, J.; Sun, W.; Tang, D.; Towle, A. C.; Walsh, D. S.; Wilkerson, D.; Adenovirus Vaccine Efficacy Trial Consortium (2013). "A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of the live, oral adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine, in U.S. Military recruits". Vaccine. 31 (28): 2963–2971. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.035. PMID 23623865.
  2. ^ La Greca, F.; Magez, S. (2011). "Vaccination against trypanosomiasis: Can it be done or is the trypanosome truly the ultimate immune destroyer and escape artist?". Human Vaccines. 7 (11): 1225–1233. doi:10.4161/hv.7.11.18203. PMC 3323498. PMID 22205439.
  3. ^ "Researchers a step closer to making HIV vaccine". Medical News Today. April 5, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
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  5. ^ Negrón, María E.; Kharod, Grishma A.; Bower, William A.; Walke, Henry (22 February 2019). "Notes from the Field: Human Brucella abortus RB51 Infections Caused by Consumption of Unpasteurized Domestic Dairy Products — United States, 2017–2019". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 68 (7): 185. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6807a6. PMC 6385706. PMID 30789879.
  6. ^ a b Titball, R. W.; Williamson, E. D. (2004). "Yersinia pestis (plague) vaccines". Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. 4 (6): 965–973. doi:10.1517/14712598.4.6.965. PMID 15174978. S2CID 43565534.
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