Paolo Grillandi

Paolo Grillandi^[1] (born c. 1490) was an Italian jurist, from Abruzzo,^[2] active as a papal judge in witch trials, from 1517.^[3] He was an influential observer of confessions.^[4] His book Tractatus de hereticis et sortilegiis (1536), based substantially on his judicial experience, became a standard text on witchcraft and demonology. Other related works are his De Questionibus et tortura tractatus, De relaxatione carceratorum, and the De Lamiis of Gianfrancesco Ponzinibio that was later printed with the Tractatus de hereticis et sortilegiis. James Franklin^[5] writes

Grillandus's On the Question and Torture distinguishes between doubtful or hall-full indication, full indication, reputation, rumor, four types of presumption, argument, vehement and nonvehement support, conjecture, the likely, and the notorious, before going on to detail with equal learning the five degrees of torture.

Notes

^ Paolo Grillando, Paulus Grillandus, Ghirlandus or Grilandus.
^ Risultato della ricerca Web OPAC ICCU
^ "Prime pagine di Guido Pagliarino Prospettiva editrice". Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved 2007-02-02. (in Italian).
^ Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2007-02-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) p.114 states that Grillandi accepted the existence of witches, on the basis of confessions that were not extracted by torture.
^ The Science of Conjecture (2001), p.46.