1998 Philippine House of Representatives elections

1998 Philippine House of Representatives elections
All 257 seats in the House of Representatives (including 38 underhang seats); 129 seats needed for a majority
	Congressional district elections
	All 206 seats from congressional districts
	Party-list election
	All 51 seats under the party-list system
Jose de Venecia Jr.; Lakas	Manny Villar; LAMMP

Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 11, 1998. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Fidel V. Ramos' Lakas-NUCD-UMDP, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives.^[1] For the first time since the People Power Revolution, a party won majority of the seats in the House; Lakas had a seat over the majority. This is also the first Philippine elections that included the party-list system.^[2]

However, with Joseph Estrada of the opposition Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP; an electoral alliance between the Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), the NPC and the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP)) winning the presidential election, the majority of the elected Lakas-NUCD-UMDP congressmen switched sides to LAMMP. This led to Manuel Villar, Jr. (formerly of Lakas but became a LAMMP member prior to the election) on being elected as the Speaker of the House.

The elected representatives served in the 11th Congress from 1998 to 2001.

Electoral system

The House of Representatives shall have not more than 250 members, unless otherwise fixed by law, of which 20% shall be elected via the party-list system, while the rest are elected via congressional districts. This is the first time that there shall be a party-list election, after the passage of the Party-List System Act.

In this election, there are 206 seats voted via first-past-the-post in single-member districts. Each province, and a city with a population of 250,000, is guaranteed a seat, with more populous provinces and cities divided into two or more districts.

Congress has the power of redistricting three years after each census.

As there are 206 congressional districts, there shall be 51 seats available under the party-list system. According to the Party-List System Act, party is initially guaranteed a seat for every 2% of the vote, for up to three maximum seats.

Results

District elections



Party		Votes	%	+/–	Seats	+/–
	Lakas–NUCD–UMDP	11,981,024	49.01	+8.35	111	+11
	Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino	6,520,744	26.68	New	55	New
	Liberal Party	1,773,124	7.25	+5.39	15	+10
	Nationalist People's Coalition	998,239	4.08	−8.11	9	−13
	Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma	966,653	3.95	New	4	New
	Probinsya Muna Development Initiative	586,954	2.40	New	4	New
	PDP–Laban	134,331	0.55	−0.13	0	−1
	Aksyon Demokratiko	106,843	0.44	New	1	New
	Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino	47,273	0.19	New	0	New
	Ompia Party	46,462	0.19	New	1	New
	People's Reform Party	38,640	0.16	−0.73	0	0
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan	35,522	0.15	New	0	0
	Partido Demokratiko Sosyalista ng Pilipinas	8,850	0.04	−0.00	0	0
	Lapiang Manggagawa	8,792	0.04	−0.50	0	0
	Nacionalista Party	4,412	0.02	−0.78	0	−1
	Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino	2,010	0.01	−0.52	0	−1
	Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapabago	1,310	0.01	New	0	New
	Unaffiliated	348,281	1.42	New	4	New
	Independent	834,934	3.42	−3.03	2	−5
Party-list seats^[a]					51	+51
Total		24,444,398	100.00	–	257	+37

Valid votes		24,444,398	83.47
Invalid/blank votes		4,841,377	16.53
Total votes		29,285,775	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		33,873,665	86.46
Source: Nohlen, Grotz and Hartmann^[3] and Teehankee^[4]

^ Only 14 were seated in the party-list election.

Vote share

Lakas			49.01%
LAMMP			26.68%
LP			7.25%
NPC			4.08%
Reporma			3.95%
PROMDI			2.40%
Others			4.65%

District seats

Lakas			53.88%
LAMMP			26.70%
LP			7.28%
NPC			4.37%
Reporma			1.94%
PROMDI			1.94%
Others			3.89%

Party-list election

There were 52 seats for sectoral representatives that were contested. Each party has to get 2% of the national vote to win one seat; they would win an additional seat for every 2% of the vote, up to the maximum three seats. Only 14 party-list representatives were elected under this rule, leaving 38 unfilled seats. Eventually, the "2–4–6%" rule was ruled as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on October 6, 2000 on the case Veterans Federation Party, et. al. vs. COMELEC.^[5] Despite this ruling, no additional seats were awarded to any party-lists.


Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives	503,487	5.50	2
	Alyansang Bayanihan ng mga Magsasaka, Manggagawang Bukid at Mangingisda	321,646	3.51	1
	Alagad	312,500	3.41	1
	Veterans Federation Party	304,902	3.33	1
	Probinsya Muna Development Initiative	255,184	2.79	1
	Adhikain at Kilusan ng Ordinaryong Tao Para sa Lupa, Pabahay, Hanapbuhay at Kaunlaran	239,042	2.61	1
	National Federation of Small Coconut Farmers Organization	238,303	2.60	1
	Abanse! Pinay	235,548	2.57	1
	Akbayan	232,376	2.54	1
	Luzon Farmers Party	215,643	2.36	1
	Sanlakas	194,617	2.13	1
	Cooperative NATCCO Network Party	189,802	2.07	1
	Philippine Coconut Producers Federation	186,388	2.04	1
	Coalition of Associations of Senior Citizens in the Philippines	143,444	1.57	0
	Others	5,582,427	60.97	0
Total		9,155,309	100.00	14

Valid votes		9,155,309	31.26
Invalid/blank votes		20,130,466	68.74
Total votes		29,285,775	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		33,873,665	86.46
Source: Supreme Court (October 6, 2000). "G.R. No. 136781". and Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Vol. 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

References

^ Quezon, Manuel III (2007-06-06). "An abnormal return to normality". PCIJ.org. Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
^ "The Party-List System in the Philippines".
^ Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Vol. 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
^ Teehankee, Julio (2002). "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). In Croissant, Aurel (ed.). Electoral Politics in Southeast and East Asia. Singapore: Fiedrich-Ebert-Siftung. pp. 149–202 – via quezon.ph.
^ Supreme Court (October 6, 2000). "G.R. No. 136781". Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2017.

Paras, Corazon L. (2000). The Presidents of the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines. Giraffe Books. ISBN 971-8832-24-6.
Pobre, Cesar P. (2000). Philippine Legislature 100 Years. Philippine Historical Association. ISBN 971-92245-0-9.
Teehankee, Julio. "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). quezon.ph. Retrieved 2010-12-06.

[fn1-3] Only 14 were seated in the party-list election.

[1] Quezon, Manuel III (2007-06-06). "An abnormal return to normality". PCIJ.org. Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2010-12-06.

[2] "The Party-List System in the Philippines".

[4] Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof (eds.). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. Vol. 2: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. Oxford: Oxford University Press..

[5] Teehankee, Julio (2002). "Electoral Politics in the Philippines" (PDF). In Croissant, Aurel (ed.). Electoral Politics in Southeast and East Asia. Singapore: Fiedrich-Ebert-Siftung. pp. 149–202 – via quezon.ph.

[6] Supreme Court (October 6, 2000). "G.R. No. 136781". Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2017.

[1]

[2]

[a]

[3]

[4]

[5]

v t e Elections and referendums in the Philippines
General elections	1898 1907 1909 1912 1916 1919 1922 1925 1928 1931 1934 1935 1941 1943 1946 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1978 1984 1987 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025
Presidential elections	1935 1941 1946 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1981 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016 2022
Senate elections	1916 1919 1922 1925 1928 1931 1934 1941 1946 1947 1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1987 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025
House elections	1898 1907 1909 1912 1916 1919 1922 1925 1928 1931 1934 1935 1938 1941 1943 1946 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1978 1984 1987 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025
Constitutional conventions	1934 1970
Local elections	1895 1899 1905 1909 1912 1919 1922 1925 1928 1931 1934 1937 1941 1943 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1980 1988 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025
Barangay elections	1960 1962 1964 1968 1972 1982 1989 1994 1997 2002 2007 2010 2013 2018 2023
Referendums	1599 1935 1937 1939 1940 1947 1967 1973 (Jan) 1973 (Jul) 1975 1976 1977 1981 (Apr) 1981 (Jun) 1984 1987
Per year Per type Presidential Senatorial Barangay Special Local elections and plebiscites