Pied avocet

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Pied avocet
Calls recorded in Suffolk, England
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Recurvirostridae
Genus:	Recurvirostra
Species:	R. avosetta
Binomial name
Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus, 1758
Range of R. avosetta   Breeding   Resident   Non-breeding

The pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta) is a large black and white wader in the avocet and stilt family, Recurvirostridae. They breed in temperate Europe and across the Palearctic to Central Asia then on to the Russian Far East. It is a migratory species and most winter in Africa or southern Asia. Some remain to winter in the mildest parts of their range, for example in southern Spain and southern England. The pied avocet is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.

The pied avocet was one of the many bird species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae, where it was given the binomial name of Recurvirostra avosetta.^[2] This species gets its English and scientific names from the Venetian word avosetta. It appeared first in Ulisse Aldrovandi's Ornithologia (1603).^[3] While the name may refer to black and white outfits once worn by European advocates or lawyers, the actual etymology is uncertain.^[3] Other common names include black-capped avocet, Eurasian avocet or just avocet.^[4]

It is one of four species of avocet that make up the genus Recurvirostra.^[5] The genus name is from Latin recurvus, "curved backwards" and rostrum, "bill".^[6] A 2004 study combining genetics and morphology showed that it was the most divergent species in the genus.^[7]

A chick near Oosterend, Texel island, the Netherlands

landing in Norfolk, England

The pied avocet is a striking white wader with bold black markings. Adults have white plumage except for a black cap and black patches in the wings and on the back. They have long, upturned bills and long, bluish legs. It is approximately 16.5–17.75 in (41.9–45.1 cm) in length of which the bill is approximately 2.95–3.35 in (7.5–8.5 cm) and the legs are approximately 3–4 in (7.6–10.2 cm). Its wingspan is approximately 30–31.5 in (76–80 cm).^[8] Males and females look alike. The juvenile resembles the adult but with more greyish and sepia tones.

The call of the avocet is a far-carrying, liquid, melodious kluit kluit.^[8]

These birds forage in shallow brackish water or on mud flats, often scything their bills from side to side in water (a feeding technique that is unique to the avocets^[9]). They mainly eat crustaceans and insects.

Their breeding habitat is shallow lakes with brackish water and exposed bare mud. They nest on open ground, often in small groups, sometimes with other waders. Three to five eggs are laid in a lined scrape or on a mound of vegetation.

The pied avocet was extirpated as a breeding species in Great Britain by 1840.^[10] Its successful recolonisation at Minsmere, Suffolk, in 1947 led to its adoption as the logo of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.^[8] The pied avocet has spread inland and northwards and westwards in Britain since then and it has bred in Wales^[11] and in Scotland in 2018 at Skinflats.^[12] Avocets have been sighted wintering at Browhouses, Dumfries and Galloway.

• 
  Adult feeding
• 
  Adult in flight
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  Avocet egg
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  ID composite
• Video showing bird seeking food
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  Pied avocets in Little Runn of Kutch, India
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  Unlike other waders, the pied avocet has webbed foot, and can swim well.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Recurvirostra avosetta.

Wikispecies has information related to Recurvirostra avosetta.

• (Pied) avocet species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds
• "Pied avocet media". Internet Bird Collection.
• BirdLife species factsheet for Recurvirostra avosetta ^{[dead link‍]}
• Pied avocet photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
• Interactive range map of Recurvirostra avosetta at IUCN Red List maps
• Audio recordings of Pied avocet on Xeno-canto.