Edgar Allan Poe Cottage

Edgar Allan Poe Cottage
Edgar Allan Poe Cottage, March 2007.
Map
Location2640 Grand Concourse, Fordham, Bronx, NY,
Coordinates40°51′55″N 73°53′40″W / 40.86528°N 73.89444°W / 40.86528; -73.89444
TypeHistoric house museum
Public transit access
Website
Poe Cottage
Edgar Allan Poe Cottage is located in New York City
Edgar Allan Poe Cottage
Edgar Allan Poe Cottage is located in New York
Edgar Allan Poe Cottage
Edgar Allan Poe Cottage is located in the United States
Edgar Allan Poe Cottage
Area3 acres (1.2 ha)
Built1812
ArchitectJohn Wheeler
NRHP reference No.80002588[1]
NYCL No.0110
Significant dates
Added to NRHPAugust 19, 1980
Designated NYCLFebruary 15, 1966

The Edgar Allan Poe Cottage (or Poe Cottage) is the former home of American writer Edgar Allan Poe. It is located on Kingsbridge Road and the Grand Concourse in the Fordham neighborhood of the Bronx, New York,[2] a short distance from its original location, and is now in the northern part of Poe Park.

The cottage is a part of the Historic House Trust, listed on the National Register of Historic Places,[3] has been administered by the Bronx County Historical Society since 1975,[4] and is believed to have been built in 1797.[2][5]

History

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Poe family years

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The Poe family—which included Edgar, his wife Virginia Clemm, and her mother Maria—moved in around May 1846[6] after living for a short time in Turtle Bay, Manhattan.[7] At the time Fordham was not yet a part of the Bronx and the rural community had only recently been connected to the city by rail.[6] The cottage, which was then on Kingsbridge Road to the east of its intersection with Valentine Avenue, was small and simple: it had on its first floor a sitting room and kitchen and its unheated second floor had a bedroom and Poe's study. On the front porch the family kept caged songbirds.[7] The home sat on 2 acres (8,100 m2) of land and Poe paid either $5 rent per month[2] or $100 per year.[8] Its owner, John Valentine, had bought it from a man named Richard Corsa on March 28, 1846,[9] for $1000.[10]

The family seemed to enjoy the home, despite its small size and minimal furnishings. "The cottage is very humble", a visitor said, "you wouldn't have thought decent people could have lived in it; but there was an air of refinement about everything."[11] A friend of Poe's years later wrote: "The cottage had an air of taste and gentility... So neat, so poor, so unfurnished, and yet so charming a dwelling I never saw."[12] In a letter to a friend, Poe himself wrote: "The place is a beautiful one."[10] Maria wrote years later: "It was the sweetest little cottage imaginable. Oh, how supremely happy we were in our dear cottage home!"[13] Poe's final short story, "Landor's Cottage", was likely inspired by the home.[9]

In this home, Poe wrote his poems "Annabel Lee" and "Ulalume" while the family cat sat on his shoulder.[14] During his time here, he also published his series on "The Literati of New York City", controversial gossip-like discussions of literary figures and their work, including Nathaniel Parker Willis, Charles Frederick Briggs, Thomas Dunn English, Margaret Fuller, and Lewis Gaylord Clark. As their publisher Louis Antoine Godey announced in his Lady's Book, they would soon "raise some commotion in the literary emporium."[15]

Virginia Poe's bed

The Poe family befriended their neighbors, including the family of John Valentine, and Poe even served as a sponsor for baptism for one of the local boys who was named "Edgar Albert".[16] Poe also became friendly with the faculty at what was then St. John's College, now Fordham University.[11] He found the Jesuit faculty to be "highly cultivated gentleman and scholars [who] smoked, drank, and played cards like gentleman, and never said a word about religion."[17] The college's church bells inspired his poem "The Bells".[18]

During the Poe family's time in the cottage, Virginia struggled with tuberculosis. Family friend Mary Gove Nicholls wrote: "One felt that she was almost a disrobed spirit, and when she coughed it was made certain that she was rapidly passing away."[19] Virginia died in the cottage's first floor bedroom on January 30, 1847. She was buried in the vault of the Valentine family on February 2.[20] Poe died a couple of years later on October 7, 1849, while in Baltimore.[21] At Fordham, Maria did not hear of his death until October 9, after he was already buried. Shortly thereafter, she moved out of the cottage to live with a family in Brooklyn for a time.[22]

Relocation

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The cottage was originally located on Kingsbridge Road before it was moved to its current location in Poe Park in 1913.

The cottage's immediate use following the Poe family is uncertain; however, it was reported to be occupied by an 'old southern lady'.[8] In 1874, an article by M. J. Lamb published in Appleton's Journal described a pilgrimage to the site and noted the cottage was "dreadfully out of repair".[23] The cottage was sold at auction in 1889 for $775 to William Fearing Gill in the first step of preservation[24] after the Parks Department found it to be too expensive a proposition with rent approximately four times what Poe paid.[8] Gill would later become Poe's first American biographer.[25]

In 1895, the New York Shakespeare Society purchased the Cottage for use as a headquarters with the promise that it would be maintained in the condition in which Poe used it.[26] However, concerns about any move of the cottage sprung up almost immediately.[27][28] An article titled "Shall We Save the Poe Cottage at Fordham" was published in The Review of Reviews in 1896, urging the New York State Legislature to act on preserving the home with endorsements from Theodore Roosevelt, Hamlin Garland, William Dean Howells, Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Cabot Lodge, Horace Scudder and others.[29]

In 1905, it was announced that $100,000 had been authorized by the state legislature for the restoration of the cottage and creation of a park in which to house the cottage after the owners were reported to be denying visitors access to the cottage.[2] The restoration and park creation were not without complaint, and many felt the money would be better spent on other ventures and further that the cottage's authenticity would be lost if it were to be moved. The decision to move was finally made in 1910 and on November 13, 1913, Poe Cottage in Poe Park was dedicated at the corner of Kingsbridge Road and the Grand Concourse.[8] In 1922, further reconstruction was undertaken by the New York Historical Society to restore the cottage to its original condition.[30]

Recent history

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Poe Park and Kingsbridge Road today

In 1962, Poe's Cottage was designated a Bronx landmark,[31] and in 1966 it was recognized by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission as an official city landmark.[32] In 1974 vandals struck, as in the past, leading to further criticism of the Cottage's management and preservation efforts.[33]

Vandalism continued to occur over the next few years,[34] though it tapered off by the end of the following decade, becoming less of a risk[35] due in part to the increased use of live-in caretakers. In the late 1990s, the cottage was under the care of a graduate student in philology who lived in the basement.[36]

In 2007, the proposed Visitors Center for the Cottage and Bronx Historical Society in Poe Park was honored by the New York City Art Commission's 2007 Design Awards.[37] The visitor center, designed by Toshiko Mori, opened in 2008[38][39] and was the first NYC Parks project completed under mayor Michael Bloomberg's Design and Construction Excellence Initiative.[40]

See also

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References

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Citations

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c d "Where Poe Wrote 'The Raven'". The New York Times. August 20, 1905. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  3. ^ Poe, Edgar Allan (December 1998). Poems & Tales of Edgar Allan Poe at Fordham. Bronx Historical Society. pp. x. ISBN 0941980391.
  4. ^ "The Edgar Allan Poe Cottage". The Bronx County Historical Society. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  5. ^ Elizabeth Spencer-Ralph and Suzanne Wilson (July 1979). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Poe Cottage". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2011. See also: "Accompanying four photos".
  6. ^ a b Silverman 1991, p. 301.
  7. ^ a b Meyers 1992, p. 193.
  8. ^ a b c d Christopher Gray (March 18, 2001). "Streetscapes/Kingsbridge Road and Grand Concourse in the Bronx". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  9. ^ a b Quinn 1998, p. 507.
  10. ^ a b Phillips 1926, p. 1115.
  11. ^ a b Silverman 1991, p. 302.
  12. ^ Quinn 1998, pp. 508–509.
  13. ^ Phillips 1926, pp. 1116–1117.
  14. ^ Phillips 1926, p. 1117.
  15. ^ Meyers 1992, pp. 194–195.
  16. ^ Phillips 1926, pp. 1119–1121.
  17. ^ Phillips 1926, p. 1266.
  18. ^ Schroth, Raymond A. (2008). Fordham: A History and Memoir (rev. ed.). New York: Fordham University Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8232-2977-2. OCLC 727645703.
  19. ^ Quinn 1998, p. 508.
  20. ^ Silverman 1991, pp. 326–327.
  21. ^ Meyers 1992, p. 255.
  22. ^ Silverman 1991, pp. 438–439.
  23. ^ Sweeting, Adam W. "Preserving the Renaissance: Literature and Public Memory in the Homes of Longfellow, Hawthorne, and Poe", American Studies. 46:1 (Spring 2005): 38.
  24. ^ "Edgar Allan Poe's Cottage". The New York Times. April 19, 1889. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  25. ^ Meyers 1992, p. 263.
  26. ^ "Sale of the Edgar Allan Poe Cottage". The New York Times. July 18, 1895. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  27. ^ No title. The New York Times. April 27, 1896. Retrieved March 17, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  28. ^ "To Remove Poe's Cottage; Opponents of the Plan Heard by Mayor Strong". The New York Times. April 24, 1896. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  29. ^ Sweeting, Adam W. "Preserving the Renaissance: Literature and Publivc Memory in the Homes of Longfellow, Hawthorne, and Poe", American Studies. 46:1 (Spring 2005): 39.
  30. ^ "Restoring Poe Cottage". The New York Times. February 19, 1922. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  31. ^ "First Phase of Long-Range Project to Mark City's Notable Structures is Completed". The New York Times. September 28, 1962. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  32. ^ "Poe's Cottage Made Landmark". The New York Times. March 8, 1966. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  33. ^ Eric Pace (April 3, 1974). "Poe Devotees Are Gloomy Over Losses and Vandalism at his Cottage in the Bronx". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  34. ^ "No Pits in Poe Home, Keeper Says". The New York Times. June 5, 1977. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  35. ^ Joan Cook (April 9, 1989). "Crimes at Historic Sites Reported to be Down". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  36. ^ Lynn M. Ermann (May 23, 1999). "Making It Work; A Life of Housework". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  37. ^ "Awards from a Better-Designed City". The New York Times. July 17, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
  38. ^ McElroy, Steven (July 7, 2008). "Restoration and Visitors Center for Poe Cottage". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  39. ^ Bermudez, Adam (July 18, 2008). "Visitor center added to Poe's cottage – Bronx Times". Bronx Times. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  40. ^ Iovine, Julie V. (June 1, 2011). "A Visitor Center Where Poe Heard a Knocking". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved January 8, 2022.

Sources

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