Polish Braille
Polish Braille | |
---|---|
Script type | alphabet |
Print basis | Polish alphabet |
Languages | Polish |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]
Base letter | a | c | e | l | n | s | u | y | z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Derived letter | ą | ć | ę | ł | ń | ś | ó | ż | ź |
That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.
History
[edit]Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]
Alphabet
[edit]The full alphabet is this:
a | ą | b | c | ć | d | e | ę |
f | g | h | i | j | k | l | ł |
m | n | ń | o | ó | p | r | s |
ś | t | u | w | y | z | ż | ź |
Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: ⠉⠵ cz, ⠗⠵ rz, ⠎⠵ sz.
Punctuation
[edit] , | . '[3] | ; | : | ? | ! | - — | @ | * | / | \ |
# | • | % | ‰ | |||||||
° | ′ | ″ | $ | ¢ | ₤ | € | ||||
© | ™ |
- Paired punctuation
... “ ... ” | ... ‘ ... ’ |
... ( ... ) | ... { ... } (?)[4] |
... [ ... ] | ... ⟨ ... ⟩ |
Formatting
[edit] (cap) | (l.c.) | (emph.) |
External links
[edit]- [1] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
- Braille Translator online (Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)
References
[edit]- ^ "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
- ^ And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.
- ^ It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.