Polish Braille
Polish Braille | |
---|---|
Script type | alphabet |
Print basis | Polish alphabet |
Languages | Polish |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]
Base letter | ![]() a | ![]() c | ![]() e | ![]() l | ![]() n | ![]() s | ![]() u | ![]() y | ![]() z |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Derived letter | ![]() ą | ![]() ć | ![]() ę | ![]() ł | ![]() ń | ![]() ś | ![]() ó | ![]() ż | ![]() ź |
That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.
History
[edit]Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]
Alphabet
[edit]The full alphabet is this:
![]() a | ![]() ą | ![]() b | ![]() c | ![]() ć | ![]() d | ![]() e | ![]() ę |
![]() f | ![]() g | ![]() h | ![]() i | ![]() j | ![]() k | ![]() l | ![]() ł |
![]() m | ![]() n | ![]() ń | ![]() o | ![]() ó | ![]() p | ![]() r | ![]() s |
![]() ś | ![]() t | ![]() u | ![]() w | ![]() y | ![]() z | ![]() ż | ![]() ź |
Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: ⠉⠵ cz, ⠗⠵ rz, ⠎⠵ sz.
Punctuation
[edit]![]() , | ![]() . '[3] | ![]() ; | ![]() : | ![]() ? | ![]() ! | ![]() - — | ![]() @ | ![]() * | ![]() / | ![]() \ |
![]() ![]() # | ![]() ![]() • | ![]() ![]() ![]() % | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ‰ | |||||||
![]() ° | ![]() ′ | ![]() ![]() ″ | ![]() $ | ![]() ![]() ¢ | ![]() ![]() ₤ | ![]() ![]() € | ||||
![]() ![]() © | ![]() ![]() ™ |
- Paired punctuation
![]() ![]() “ ... ” | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ‘ ... ’ |
![]() ![]() ( ... ) | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() { ... } (?)[4] |
![]() ![]() [ ... ] | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ⟨ ... ⟩ |
Formatting
[edit]![]() (cap) | ![]() (l.c.) | ![]() (emph.) |
External links
[edit]- [1] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
- Braille Translator online (Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)
References
[edit]- ^ "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
- ^ And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.
- ^ It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.