Pressure point

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Pressure point (穴位)
Chinese name
Chinese	穴位
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin xuéwèi Bopomofo ㄒㄩㄝˊ ㄨㄟˋ Wade–Giles hsüeh-wei Wu Romanization [yiuih入 we去] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 11) (help) Hakka Romanization hied5 vi55 Yue: Cantonese Jyutping jyut6 wai6*2 Southern Min Hokkien POJ hia̍t-uī
Japanese name
Kanji	急所
Kana	きゅうしょ
Transcriptions Romanization kyūsho

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Pressure points^[a] derive from the supposed meridian points in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Indian Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, and martial arts. They refer to areas on the human body that may produce significant pain or other effects when manipulated in a specific manner.^[2]

The earliest known concept of pressure points can be seen in the South Indian Varma kalai based on Siddha.^[3][2] The concept of pressure points is also present in the old school Japanese martial arts; in a 1942 article in the Shin Budo magazine, Takuma Hisa asserted the existence of a tradition attributing the first development of pressure-point attacks to Shinra Saburō Minamoto no Yoshimitsu (1045–1127).^[4]

Hancock and Higashi (1905) published a book which pointed out a number of vital points in Japanese martial arts.^[5]

Accounts of pressure-point fighting appeared in Chinese Wuxia fiction novels and became known by the name of Dim Mak, or "Death Touch", in western popular culture in the 1960s.

While it is undisputed that there are sensitive points on the human body where even comparatively weak pressure may induce significant pain or serious injury, the association of kyūsho with notions of death have been harshly criticized.^{[6][failed verification]}