French
DeutschQiupa Formation
| Qiupa Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian ~ | |
 Characteristic red brownish siltstones of the Qiupa Formation | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Unit of | Tantou Group |
| Underlies | Gaoyugou Formation |
| Overlies | Shitaijie Formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Mudstone, siltstone |
| Other | Sandstone, conglomerate |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 33°54′N 111°48′E / 33.9°N 111.8°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 31°36′N 102°48′E / 31.6°N 102.8°E |
| Region | Henan Province |
| Country |  China |
| Extent | Tantou Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Qiupa |
  Qiupa Formation (China)  Qiupa Formation (Henan) | |
The Qiupa Formation (Chinese: 秋扒组; pinyin: Qiūpázǔ) is a Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian geologic formation in Henan Province, central China. It is rich in dinosaur eggs and bones, such as those of carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs. The Qiupa Formation is considered to be Late Maastrichtian in age, about 72 million and 66 million years ago.[1][2][3]
Geology
[edit]The sedimentation is characterized for the presence of calcareous mudstone interbedded with thin fine conglomerates, brownish red thick-bedded siltstone and parallel and cross laminations. This sedimentation indicates habitats composed by large and shallow meanders with braided river deltas.[2][3]
Fossil content
[edit]The Qiupa Formation has yielded numerous dinosaur fossils, particularly eggs. The remains of various theropods such as troodontids, dromaeosaurids and oviraptorosaurs have been found. In addition, indeterminate remains of sauropods, ornithopods, ankylosaurs, lizards, turtles and a possible avian bone are reported.[4][2]
Dinosaurs
[edit]| Dinosaurs of the Qiupa Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Ankylosauridae indet. | Indeterminate | "A tooth, well-preserved dorsal vertebra, incomplete dorsal rib and ischium."[5] | An ankylosaurid | ||
| Elongatoolithidae sp. | Indeterminate | "145 egg shells probably laid by oviraptorids."[6] | Oviraptorid eggs | ||
| Luanchuanraptor | L. henanensis | "Teeth, a frontal and fragmented postcrania."[7] | A dromaeosaurid |  | |
| Qiupalong | Q. henanensis | "Ilia, ischia, pubes and the right hindlimb."[8] | An ornithomimid |  | |
| Qiupanykus | Q. zhangi | "Vertebrae and hindlimbs."[3] | An alvarezsaurid | ||
| "Tyrannosaurus" | T. luanchuanensis | "Five well preserved teeth."[9] | A tyrannosaurid | ||
| Yulong | Y. mini | "Complete crania and much of the postcrania."[10][11] | An oviraptorid |  | |
Mammals
[edit]| Mammals of the Qiupa Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Lotheridium | L. mengi | "Nearly complete skull with jaws."[12] | A deltatheridiid | ||
| Yubaatar | Y. zhongyuanensis | "Virtually complete crania and fragmented poscrania."[13] | A cimolodont |  | |
Squamates
[edit]| Squamates of the Qiupa Formation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Material | Notes | Images | |
| Funiusaurus | F. luanchuanensis | "Partial skull."[14] | A polyglyphanodont | ||
| Tianyusaurus | T. zhengi | "Crania and shoulder girdle."[15] | A polyglyphanodont |  | |
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
References
[edit]- ^ Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province (1989). Regional Geology of Henan Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. pp. 1−772.
- ^ a b c Jiang, X.-J.; Liu, Y.-Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Zhang, X.-L.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Yuan, C.-X.; Li, M. (2011). "Dinosaur-bearing strata and K/T boundary in the Luanchuan-Tantou Basin of western Henan Province, China". Science China Earth Sciences. 54 (1149): 1149–1155. Bibcode:2011ScChD..54.1149J. doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4186-1.
- ^ a b c Lü, J. C.; Xu, L.; Chang, H. L.; Jia, S. H.; Zhang, J. M.; Gao, D. S.; Zhang, Y. Y.; Zhang, C. J.; Ding, F. (2018). "A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, Henan Province, central China". China Geology. 1 (1): 28–35. Bibcode:2018CGeo....1...28L. doi:10.31035/cg2018005.
- ^ Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.; Lee, Y.-N.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X. (2008). "A new basal ornithomimid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous in Henan Province of China" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (supp. 3): 101A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459.
- ^ Jia, S.-H.; Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Hu, W.-Y.; Li, J.-H.; Zhang, J.-M. (2010). "Discovery and significance of ankylosaur specimens from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Luanchuan, Henan, China". Geological Bulletin of China. 29 (4): 483–487.
- ^ Tanaka, K.; Lü, J.-C.; Kobayashi, Y.; Zelenitsky, D. K.; Xu, L.; Jia, S.; Qin, S.; Tang, M. (2011). "Description and Phylogenetic Position of Dinosaur Eggshells from the Luanchuan Area of Western Henan Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 85 (1): 66–74. Bibcode:2011AcGlS..85...66K. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00379.x.
- ^ Lü, J.-C.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.-L.; Ji, Q.; Jia, S.-H.; Hu, W.-Y.; Zhang, J.-M.; Wu, Y.-H. (2007). "New dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan area, western Henan, China". Geological Bulletin of China. 26 (7): 777–786.
- ^ Xu, L.; Kobayashi, Y.; Lü, J.-C.; Lee, Y. N.; Liu, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Zhang, X.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J. (2011). "A new ornithomimid dinosaur with North American affinities from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in Henan Province of China". Cretaceous Research. 32 (2): 213–222. Bibcode:2011CrRes..32..213X. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.004.
- ^ Dong, Z. (1979). "Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China" [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Henan (south China)]. In Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press. pp. 342–350. Translated paper
- ^ Lü, J.-C.; Currie, P. J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S. (2013). "Chicken-sized oviraptorid dinosaurs from central China and their ontogenetic implications". Naturwissenschaften. 100 (2): 165–175. Bibcode:2013NW....100..165L. doi:10.1007/s00114-012-1007-0. PMID 23314810.
- ^ Wei, X.; Kundrát, M.; Xu, L.; Ma, W.; Wu, Y.; Chang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, X. (2022). "A new subadult specimen of oviraptorid Yulong mini (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan, central China". Cretaceous Research. 138 (105261). Bibcode:2022CrRes.13805261W. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105261. S2CID 248977151.
- ^ Bi, S.; Jin, X.; Li, S.; Du, T. (2015). "A new Cretaceous Metatherian mammal from Henan, China". PeerJ. 3: e896. doi:10.7717/peerj.896. PMC 4400878. PMID 25893149.
- ^ Xu, L.; Zhang, X.; Pu, H.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Lü, J.-C.; Meng, J. (2015). "Largest known Mesozoic multituberculate from Eurasia and implications for multituberculate evolution and biology". Scientific Reports. 5 (1495): 14950. Bibcode:2015NatSR...514950X. doi:10.1038/srep14950. PMC 4615031. PMID 26492455.
- ^ Xu, L.; Lü, J.-C.; Jia, S.; Zhang, J.; Pu, H.; Zhang, X. (2014). "A New Lizard (Lepidosauria: Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 88 (4): 1041–1050. Bibcode:2014AcGlS..88.1041X. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12271.
- ^ Lü, J.-C.; Ji, S.; Dong, Z.; Wu, X.-C. (2008). "An Upper Cretaceous lizard with a lower temporal arcade". Naturwissenschaften. 95 (7): 663–669. Bibcode:2008NW.....95..663L. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0364-1. PMID 18338150.