French
DeutschQurayba bint Abi Umayya
Qurayba bint Abi Umayya قريبة بنت أبي أمية | |
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| Born | Hejaz, Arabia |
| Died | Hejaz, Arabia |
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Qurayba "the Younger" bint Abi Umayya was a companion of Muhammad and was a wife of the second Rashidun caliph, Umar, and then of the first Umayyad caliph, Mu'awiya.[1]
Biography
[edit]Family
[edit]She was from the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. Her father, Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira,[2]: 184 was the chief of Mecca in the early seventh century.[3] Her mother was Atika bint Utba, a member of the Abdshams clan of the Quraysh. Hence Hind bint Utba was her maternal aunt[2]: 165, 184 while Umm Salama was her paternal sister.[4]
First marriage
[edit]She married Umar before 616.[5]: 510 [6]: 92 Umar was concurrently married to Zaynab bint Maz'un and to Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal, who had between them five children, while Qurayba was childless.[7]: 203–204
Umar converted to Islam in 616.[7]: 207 The whole family emigrated to Medina in 622,[5]: 218 although Umm Kulthum and Qurayba were still polytheists.[5]: 510 [8] Quarayba is briefly mentioned in Medina in an incident when she helped to care for her sister Umm Salama's baby.[2]: 66
Soon after the Treaty of Hudaybiya in 628, Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) announced a revelation that Muslims were ordered to "hold not to the cords of disbelieving women." Accordingly, Umar divorced Umm Kulthum and Qurayba, and they both returned to Mecca.[5]
Second Marriage
[edit]Qurayba then married her cousin, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, "while they were both still polytheists", i.e., before January 630.[8][6]: 92 However, Mu'awiya I also divorced her. But Qurayba had 3 daughters with Mu'awiya I, they are Umm Hakim, Umm Sa'id and Umm Habib
Third marriage
[edit]Later she was courted by Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr. Aisha negotiated for her brother, and the Makhzum family agreed to the match.[9] Abd al-Rahman and Qurayba had five children: Abd Allah, Umm Hakim, Asma, Muhammad and Hafsa.[2]: 184, 302
Abd al-Rahman had a reputation for being "harsh" with women, and the Makhzum family protested his treatment of Qurayba. They claimed that they had only given consent because of Aisha, who now conveyed their concerns to her brother. One day Qurayba exclaimed, "I was warned about you!" and Abd al-Rahman replied, "I will divorce you if you like." She then changed her mind and said, "I will not prefer anyone over Abu Bakr's son." They remained together.[9][2]: 184
References
[edit]- ^ "Hadith - Book of Divorce - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
- ^ a b c d e Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publications.
- ^ Guillaume, A. (1960). New Light on the Life of Muhammad, p. 24. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
- ^ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, pp. 80, 175. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ^ a b c d Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1997). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- ^ a b Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ a b Bukhari 3:50:891.
- ^ a b Malik ibn Anas. Al-Muwatta 29:14.