Ribes divaricatum

Ribes divaricatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Saxifragales
Family: Grossulariaceae
Genus: Ribes
Species:
R. divaricatum
Binomial name
Ribes divaricatum
Synonyms[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
List
  • Ribes divaricatum var. douglasii Jancz.
  • Ribes divaricatum var. glabriflorum Koehne in Koehne
  • Ribes divaricatum var. rigidum M.Peck
  • Grossularia divaricata Coville & Britton
  • Ribes parishii A.Heller
  • Ribes divaricatum subsp. parishii (A.Heller) A.E.Murray
  • Ribes divaricatum var. montanum Jancz.

Ribes divaricatum is a species in the genus Ribes found in the forests, woodlands, and coastal scrub of western North America from British Columbia to California.[10][11] The three accepted varieties have various common names which include the word "gooseberry". Other common names include coast black gooseberry, wild gooseberry,[12] Worcesterberry,[13] or spreading-branched gooseberry.[13]

Description

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Ribes divaricatum is a shrub sometimes reaching 3 metres (10 feet) in height with woody branches with one to three thick brown spines at leaf nodes. The leaves are generally palmate in shape and edged with teeth. The blades are up to 6 centimetres (2+1⁄4 inches) long and borne on petioles.

The inflorescence is a small cluster of hanging flowers, each with reflexed purple-tinted green sepals and smaller, white to red petals encircling long, protruding stamens. The fruit is a sweet-tasting berry up to 1 cm (1⁄2 in) wide which is black when ripe. It is similar to Ribes lacustre and R. lobbii, but the former has smaller, reddish to maroon flowers and the latter has reddish flowers that resemble those of fuchsias and sticky leaves.[14]

  • Leaf
    Leaf
  • Spine close-up
    Spine close-up
  • Flowers
    Flowers

Taxonomy

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Varieties[2][15]
  • Ribes divaricatum var. divaricatum, or spreading gooseberry is found in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.[16]
  • Ribes divaricatum var. parishii, called Parish's gooseberry, is found only in California.[17][18]
  • Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum, known as straggly gooseberry is native to both California and Oregon.[19][20]

Uses

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The berries are edible and are ripe when black.[21]

The fruit was food for a number of Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest, and other parts of the plant, especially the bark, was used for medicinal purposes.[22]

References

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  1. ^ a b  The original description of this species was published in Transactions, of the Horticultural Society of London, 7: 515. 1830. "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  2. ^ a b USDA PLANTS, name search: Ribes divaricatum
  3. ^  Ribes divaricatum var. douglasii was published in Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. 35: 391. 1907. Geneva & Paris. "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. douglasii". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  4. ^  Grossularia divaricata was published in North American Flora xxii. 224 (1908). New York Botanical Garden. "Plant Name Details for Grossularia divaricata". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  5. ^  R. d. var. glabriflorum was published in Deutsche Dendrologie. 200. 1893. "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. glabriflorum". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  6. ^  R. d. var. rigidum was published in Leaflets of Western Botany 7: 182. 1954. San Francisco, California. "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. rigidum". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  7. ^  R. parishii was published in Muhlenbergia; a Journal of Botany. 1: 134. 1904. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Los Gatos, California. "Plant Name Details for Ribes parishii". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  8. ^  R. d. ssp. parishii was published in Kalmia; Botanic Journal. 12: 24 (1982). Levittown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum ssp. parishii". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  9. ^  R. d. var. montanum was published in Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. 35: 391. 1907. Geneva & Paris. "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. montanum". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  10. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  11. ^ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Ribes divaricatum Douglas spreading gooseberry
  12. ^ "Ribes divaricatum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Ribes divaricatum". RHS Plants. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
  14. ^ Flora of North America, Ribes divaricatum Douglas, 1830. Straggly gooseberry
  15. ^ "Profile for Ribes divaricatum (spreading gooseberry)". PLANTS Database. USDA, NRCS. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  16. ^ "Profile for Ribes divaricatum var. divaricatum (spreading gooseberry)". PLANTS Database. USDA, NRCS. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  17. ^ "Profile for Ribes divaricatum var. parishii (Parish's gooseberry)". PLANTS Database. USDA, NRCS. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  18. ^  R. d. var. parishii was published in A Flora of California. 2: 151. 1936. Berkeley, London, San Francisco. "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. parishii". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  19. ^ "Profile for Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum (straggly gooseberry)". PLANTS Database. USDA, NRCS. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  20. ^  R. d. var. pubiflorum was published in Deutsche Dendrologie. 200. 1893. "Plant Name Details for Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum". IPNI. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  21. ^ Thompson, Anthony Keith (2014-10-03). Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118654019.
  22. ^ Dan Moerman. "Search for Ribes divaricatum". Native American Ethnobotany Database. Dearborn, Michigan: University of Michigan. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
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