Rohtak district

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Rohtak district
District of Haryana
Academic block, IIM Rohtak
Location in Haryana
Coordinates (Rohtak): 28°32′N 76°20′E / 28.54°N 76.34°E / 28.54; 76.34 - 28°54′N 76°34′E / 28.90°N 76.57°E / 28.90; 76.57
Country	India
State	Haryana
Division	Rohtak
Headquarters	Rohtak
Tehsils	1. Rohtak, 2. Meham, 3. Kalanaur 4.Sampla
Government
• Superintendent of Police	Sh. Udai Singh Meena, IPS
• Lok Sabha constituencies	Rohtak
• Vidhan Sabha constituencies	1. Rohtak, 2. Meham, 3. Kalanaur, 4. Kiloi-Sampla
Area
• Total	1,745 km2 (674 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	1,061,204
• Density	610/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
• Urban	35.06%
Demographics
• Literacy	74.56%
• Sex ratio	947
Time zone	UTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highways	NH-10, NH-71A
Website	rohtak.nic.in

Rohtak district is a district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in the southeast of the state and northwest of Delhi, bounded by Jind and Sonipat districts to the north, Jhajjar and Sonipat districts to the east, and Hissar, Charkhi Dadri, and Bhiwani districts to the west. Rohtak city is the district headquarters.

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Wreckage of an Ilyushin Il-76TD, from Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907, fell in Rohtak District as part of the Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision.^[1]

The district consists of two sub-divisions, Rohtak and Meham. Rohtak tehsil is further divided into three community development blocks, Rohtak, Kalanaur and Sampla. Meham tehsil is further divided into two community development blocks, Meham and Lakhan-Majra.

The economy of the district is primarily agricultural. About 42.18 of the total workers are engaged in agriculture and allied activities, 7.68% in cottage and household industries and the rest in other activities.^{[citation needed]}. Education and health are other emerging sectors in the city. The city hosts the world's leading precision screw manufacturing facilities, which supplies screws to domestic and international markets. The city has dairies and a sugar mill. Rohtak City is also a regional center for textile and gold jewellery making.

The Japanese township is planned to be set up near Madina village, 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) from Rohtak city Ashoka, along NH9 towards Meham. It will include several big industries and commercial offices.^[2]

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The art and architectural heritage of the town is in utter neglect.^{[original research?]} Until a decade ago,^[when?] the old city alleys and railway road had about 50 havelis (mansions) built in traditional architectural styles. Many stone facades with carvings and motifs were stripped from the walls and sold to heritage traders for paltry sums.^{[citation needed]} Muslim masons did all the decorative work in stone and fabricated woodcrafted door sets in these havelis. The rise of commerce and paucity of space forced the owners to demolish the old structures for building shopping complexes.^{[citation needed]} There is no policy with the state government or city fathers to protect the heritage of the city. In spite of a local chapter of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) functioning in the district, not much except listing of valuable properties could be done because most heritage properties are in private ownership and INTACH's local chapter does not have funds or the infrastructure to carry out listing and conservation work.^{[original research?]}

However, Ranbir Singh, a cultural historian and formerly co-convenor of the state chapter of INTACH, functioning from Rohtak, has documented extensively in the last 25 years the art and architectural heritage not only of the Rohtak District but also the entire Haryana on his own.^{[citation needed]} He has a large collection of photographs of the heritage properties besides documenting history of the heritage value buildings, historical villages and towns of the district.^{[citation needed]} Early in 2009, Singh completed detailed profiles of about 40 heritage value properties both in private as well as public domain with photographs and handed over the documents to the convener of the Haryana chapter of INTACH. This documentation, appreciated both by architects as well as art historians,^{[citation needed]} has also been placed for reference in the archives in the central library of INTACH Headquarters located at Lodi Estate, New Delhi.^{[citation needed]}

Architectural descriptions of several properties including many topics that belong to the life and culture of the people of Haryana have been published in an illustrated book, Traditions of North India - Art, Crafts and Architecture of Haryana, authored by Bhup Singh Gulia and edited and contributed by Ranbir Singh. A couple of illustrated articles on the old skills of woodcrafts persons of Haryana are under consideration of publication in Marg, a magazine on art and culture. This magazine also published his illustrated article on the antiquity of Farrukhnagar (dist. Gurgaon) in issue No.63 (2).

The 12th-century Asthal Bohar Monastery has also been modernized by its present Mahant Chand Nath.^{[citation needed]} The oldest shrine at this place was built above the Smadh of Sidh Baba Chaurangi Nath (Bhagat Pooran Mall, son of Raja Shalivan of Sialkot, now in Pakistan) under which also lay the grave of Sidh Baba Masth Nath who lived in the mid-eighteenth-century AD. The shrine of Sidh Baba Tota Nath, in this campus, had frescoes painted in the early nineteenth century and done in Rajput style. Some of these near the dome have had the colors chipped off and are fading fast. The present Mahant was indifferent to the preservation of these fine frescoes, which are very important for art historians. In January 2012, Chand Nath, the present Mahant of the Mutt, had all the old memorial chhatris that belonged to Siddh Baba Mast Nath, Tota Nath, Megh Nath, Mohar Nath and Chet Nath demolished in one go to create way for a fabulously planned temple structure to be raised on the same lines as that of Akshardham at Delhi. Along with these, the old vestiges of frescoes in the chhatris too are gone. It is heartening to note the monuments and frescoes were preserved as images by Ranbir Singh, the renowned cultural historian of Haryana.^{[citation needed]}

Similarly, in 2007, the carved stone facade of the Digambar Jain Mandir in Barra Bazar was stripped off and sold just for Rs.1 lakh (about US $2500) in the year 2006. It was a precious piece of art. Several havelis situated in the old city and railway road are giving way to modern buildings, thus depriving the city of its traditional and character.^{[original research?]} Many large villages around Rohtak city could boast of many fine buildings that had decorative elements and traditional architecture. Now, these are in bad condition and crumbling.

According to the 2011 census Rohtak district had a population of 1,061,204,^[4] roughly equal to the nation of Cyprus^[5] or the US state of Rhode Island.^[6] This gives it a ranking of 428th in India (out of a total of 640).^[4] The district had a population density of 607 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,570/sq mi) .^[4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 12.61%.^[4] Rohtak had a sex ratio of 947 females for every 1000 males,^[4] and a literacy rate of 80.4%. Scheduled Castes make up 20.44% of the population.^[4]

Out of the total geographical area of the district, 83% is under cultivation. The main crops are wheat, gram, sugarcane and bajra. There is no perennial river in the district. However, the district has many canals.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 76.94% of the population in the district spoke Haryanvi, 17.87% Hindi and 3.95% Punjabi as their first language.^[7] Saraiki is also spoken by migrated people from Saraiki region.

Religion in Rohtak District

Religious group	2011[8]
	Pop.	%
Hinduism	1,043,887	98.37%
Islam	8,185	0.77%
Sikhism	3,916	0.37%
Christianity	732	0.07%
Others	4,484	0.42%
Total Population	1,061,204	100%

Religious groups in Rohtak District (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1901[9]		1911[10][11]		1921[12]		1931[13]		1941[14]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hinduism [a]	533,723	84.63%	450,549	83.21%	629,592	81.52%	655,963	81.42%	780,474	81.61%
Islam	91,687	14.54%	86,076	15.9%	125,035	16.19%	137,880	17.11%	166,569	17.42%
Jainism	5,087	0.81%	4,369	0.81%	7,010	0.91%	6,375	0.79%	6,847	0.72%
Sikhism	94	0.01%	161	0.03%	602	0.08%	596	0.07%	1,466	0.15%
Christianity	80	0.01%	334	0.06%	10,033	1.3%	4,807	0.6%	1,043	0.11%
Buddhism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Zoroastrianism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Judaism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Others	1	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Total population	630,672	100%	541,489	100%	772,272	100%	805,621	100%	956,399	100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Religion in the Tehsils of Rohtak District (1921)^[12]

Tehsil	Hinduism		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others[b]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Rohtak Tehsil	154,959	77.12%	42,368	21.09%	164	0.08%	2,081	1.04%	1,367	0.68%	0	0%	200,939	100%
Jhajjar Tehsil	189,386	88.55%	23,260	10.88%	71	0.03%	951	0.44%	198	0.09%	0	0%	213,866	100%
Gohana Tehsil	138,930	79.26%	31,013	17.69%	299	0.17%	2,458	1.4%	2,591	1.48%	0	0%	175,291	100%
Sonipat Tehsil	146,317	80.32%	28,394	15.59%	68	0.04%	4,543	2.49%	2,854	1.57%	0	0%	182,176	100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Religion in the Tehsils of Rohtak District (1941)^[14]

Tehsil	Hinduism [a]		Islam		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others[c]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Rohtak Tehsil	196,993	74.62%	64,026	24.25%	481	0.18%	243	0.09%	2,234	0.85%	7	0%	263,984	100%
Jhajjar Tehsil	230,090	88.63%	29,132	11.22%	176	0.07%	48	0.02%	174	0.07%	0	0%	259,620	100%
Gohana Tehsil	176,682	81.5%	38,136	17.59%	196	0.09%	11	0.01%	1,752	0.81%	10	0%	216,787	100%
Sonipat Tehsil	176,709	81.81%	35,275	16.33%	613	0.28%	724	0.34%	2,687	1.24%	0	0%	216,008	100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

The Indian Institute of Management Rohtak was established in 2010. Maharishi Dayanand University in Rohtak city was established in 1976. There are 22 colleges within the city, including four engineering colleges and two polytechnics for technical education. Recently^[when?] several educational institutions offering various technical and engineering courses including B.Ed. have come up in the district. Rohtak has the best medical college and health university in the state, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, which recently^[when?] become 12th top medical college in India,^{[citation needed]} offers all the medical courses including M.B.B.S, M.D, M.S, D.M, MCH and B.D.S, MDS.^{[citation needed]}

The city has both state-run and private schools.^{[citation needed]}

Rohtak is well connected by a rail and road network to neighbouring cities and states. It is located on the National Highway 9, which is just 70 km away from the national capital, Delhi. NH 71 A is also its lifeline and forms one of the main commercial roads of India on which thousands of heavy vehicles and cars ply daily.

Rohtak Junction is the major railway station in Rohtak district. It is also a railway junction and is connected by railway to Delhi, Chandigarh via Gohana, Jind, Bhiwani, and Rewari vai Jhajjar. In the railway budget of 2012-13, the government of India approved a direct railway line connection between Rohtak and Hansi, via its Meham tehsil.

• Assan, Rohtak^[15]
• Gandhra
• Chiri Village
• Morkheri^[16]
• Rithal

• Ambala
• Gochhi

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rohtak district.

• Official website
• http://rohtakcity.com
• "Rohtak" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.