Political institutions of ancient Rome

Politics of ancient Rome
Periods
Roman Kingdom 753–509 BC Roman Republic 509–27 BC Roman Empire 27 BC – AD 395 Principate 27 BC – AD 284 Dominate AD 284–641 Western AD 395–476 Eastern AD 395–1453 Timeline
Constitution
Kingdom Republic Sullan republic Empire Augustan reforms Late Empire
Political institutions
Imperium Collegiality Auctoritas Roman citizenship Cursus honorum
Assemblies
Centuriate Curiate Plebeian Tribal
Ordinary magistrates
Consul Praetor Quaestor Promagistrate Aedile Tribune Censor Governor
Extraordinary magistrates
Corrector Dictator Magister equitum Consular tribune Rex Triumviri Decemviri Interrex
Public law
Mos maiorum Ius Senatus consultum Quaestio perpetua Senatus consultum ultimum
Titles and honours
Emperor Legatus Dux Officium Praeses Praefectus Vicarius Vigintisexviri Triumvir monetalis Lictor Magister militum Imperator Princeps senatus Pontifex maximus Augustus Caesar Tetrarch
Other countries
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Various lists regarding the political institutions of ancient Rome are presented.^[1] Each entry in a list is a link to a separate article. Categories included are: constitutions (5), laws (5), and legislatures (7); state offices (28) and office holders (6 lists); political factions (2 + 1 conflict) and social ranks (8). A political glossary (35) of similar construction follows.^[2]

• Roman law
• List of Roman laws
• Twelve Tables
• Digest of Roman law
• Corpus Juris Civilis

• Roman Senate
• Roman assemblies
• Roman Curia
• Comitia curiata
• Comitia centuriata
• Comitia tributa
• Concilium plebis

• aedile – Office of the Roman Republic
• agentes in rebus – Late Roman Imperial Courier Service
• a rationibus
• censor – Roman magistrate and census administrator
• comes – Latin word for companion, Roman court title
• comes palatinus – High-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times
• consul – Political office in ancient Rome
• consularis – Ancient Roman title, given to those who had served as consulsPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• decemviri – 10-man commission in the Roman Republic
• dictator – Extraordinary magistrate of the Roman Republic
• dux – Roman title
• emperor – Ruler of the Roman Empire
• governor – PositionPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targetsPages displaying short descriptions with no spaces
• imperator – Rank in ancient Rome
• legatus – High-ranking Roman military officerPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• legatus Augusti pro praetore – position in the Roman EmpirePages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• lictor – Bodyguard and attendant to ancient Roman magistrates
• magistrate – Elected official in ancient RomePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• officium – Latin word with various meaningsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• pontifex maximus – Chief high priest in ancient Rome
• praefectus – Prefect in ancient Rome
• praepositus sacri cubiculi – court position in the Byzantine EmpirePages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• praeses – title for the governor of a Roman province in the later Roman empirePages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• praetor – Magistrate of the Roman Republic
• praetor peregrinus – Magistrate of the Roman RepublicPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• primicerius – profession and public officePages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• princeps – Ancient Roman title
• princeps senatus – First member by precedence of the Roman Senate
• proconsul – Governor of a province in the Roman republic
• procurator – Administrative title in the Roman EmpirePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• promagistrates – Ancient Roman officePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• quaestor – Public official in ancient Rome
• rationalis – Roman Empire finance minister role
• rector – Political function in Rome and in medieval republics
• rex – Chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom
• senator – Political institution in ancient RomePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• tribune – Elected Roman officials
• triumviri – Commission of three men in ancient RomePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• vicarius – Latin word meaning substitute or deputy
• vigintisexviri – College of minor magistrates of the Roman Republic

• List of Roman kings
• List of Roman Consuls
• List of Roman Emperors
• List of principes senatus
• List of Roman censors
• List of Roman governors of Britain

• Optimates
• Populares

(also see Conflict of the Orders^[3])

• Nobles
• Patricians
• Equites
• Plebs
• Adsidui
• Proletarians
• Capite censi
• Slaves

• aerarium – Public treasury in ancient Rome
• aequitas – Roman legal concept
• auctoritas – Roman prestige; contrast with power, imperium
• civitas – Roman concept of citizenry as an entity united by law
• collegia – Any association in ancient Rome that acted as a legal entityPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• consilium
• consortium – Association of two or more individuals and/or organizations to achieve a common goal
• consuetudo – Legal principle
• contractus
• contractus litteris
• curiae – Assembly where issues are discussed and decidedPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• cursus honorum – The sequential order of public offices held by politicians in Ancient Rome
• decreta – Edict or proclamation usually issued by a head of statePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• delectum – Civil wrong
• digest – Roman law digesta
• edicta – Announcement of a law, often associated with monarchismPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• fiscus – Roman treasury and derived conceptsPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
• fiducia
• gravitas – Ancient Roman virtue
• imperium – Type of authority in ancient Rome
• iudex – Official who presides over court proceedingsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
• ius – Rights to citizenship virtue in ancient Rome
• lex
• libertas – Roman goddess of liberty
• mos maiorum – Customs and traditions of ancient Rome
• munera – Public works and entertainment paid for by aristocrats of ancient Rome
• municipium – Ancient Roman term for a town or city
• obligatio – Course of action that someone is required to take, whether legal or moral
• patria
• pietas – Ancient Roman virtue
• potestas – Latin word meaning power or faculty
• responsa – Body of written legal decisions and rulings
• provincia – Major Roman administrative territorial entity outside of Italy
• ratio – Relationship between two numbers of the same kind
• senatus consultum – Resolution of the ancient Roman Senate
• stipulatio
• First Triumvirate – Alliance between Roman politicians Caesar, Pompey and Crassus
• Second Triumvirate – Roman political organisation (43–32 BC)

• Tarpeian Rock – Steep cliff used for executions in ancient Rome