Salles des Croisades
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The Salles des Croisades ("Hall of Crusades") is a set of rooms located in the north wing of the Palace of Versailles.
The rooms were created in the mid-19th century by King Louis-Philippe for his museum of French history, and opened in 1843, at a time when France was seized with enthusiasm with its historical past, and especially the Crusades period.[1] The rooms are filled with over 120 paintings related to the Crusades.[1] King Louis-Philippe included the names of the thousands of family whose ancestors went to the Crusades, encouraging many forgeries at that time.[2]
First room paintings
[edit]Painting Title | Painter | Year Depicted (if applicable) |
---|---|---|
Philip Augustus takes the banner to Saint-Denis | Pierre Révoil | 24 June 1190 |
Raising the siege of Salerno | Eugène Roger | 1016 |
Battle of Civitella | Adolphe Roger | 18 June 1053 |
Battle of Cerami | Prosper Lafaye | 1061 |
Henry of Burgundy receives the royal investiture of Portugal | Claudes Jacquand | 1094 |
Passage of the Bosphorus | Émile Signol | 1096 |
Emperor Alexis Komnenos receives Peter the Hermit in Constantinople | Gillot Saint-Evre | 1096 |
Adoption of Godfrey of Bouillon by Emperor Alexis I Komnenos | Alexandre Hesse | 1097 |
Battle under the walls of Nicea | Henry Serrur | 1097 |
Baldwin seizes the city of Edessa (Arrival of Baldwin, Count of Flanders, at Edessa) | Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury | 1097 |
The siege of Antioch by the Crusaders | Louis Gallait | 3 June 1098 |
Battle under the walls of Antioch | Henri Frédéric Schopin | 28 June 1098 |
Combat of Harim (Harene) | Oscar Gué | 9 February 1098 |
Siege of Marrah | Henri Decaisne | 1098 |
One-on-one combat of Robert, Duke of Normandy, with a Saracen warrior under the walls of Antioch | Jean-Joseph Dassy | 1098 |
Siege of Albare | Édouard Pingret | September 1098 |
Siege of Jerusalem | Émile Signol | 15 July 1099 |
Godfrey of Bouillon is chosen as King of Jerusalem | Federico de Madrazo | 23 July 1099 |
Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Roger I, Count of Sicily | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Odo I, Duke of Burgundy | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Robert Guiscart, Duke of Apulia and Calabria | Merry-Joseph Blondel |
Second room paintings
[edit]Painting | Painter | Year Depicted (If applicable) |
---|---|---|
Godfrey of Bouillion hangs the trophies of Antioch on the Vaults of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre | François Marius Granet | August 1099 |
Battle of Ascalon | Jean-Victor Schnetz | 12 August 1099 |
Funeral of Godfrey of Bouilion | Édouard Cibot | 23 July 1100 |
Siege (surrender) of Tripoli | Charles-Alexandre Debacq | 12 July 1109 |
Battle of Jaffa | Henry Serrur | 27 May 1102 |
Siege of Beirut | Eugene le Poittevin | 13 May 1110 |
Raymond of Puy takes body of Turks as prisoners | ? | 1130 |
Defense (victory) of northern (?) Syria by Raymond of Puy, grand master of the Knights Hospitallers | Édouard Cibot | 1130 |
Preaching the Second Crusade in Vézelay in Burgundy | Émile Signol | 31 March 1146 |
Knights Templars’ chapter held in Paris under the Grand Master, Robert of Burgundy | François Marius Granet | 1147 |
Eleanor of Guyenne takes the cross with the women of the court | Franz Xaver Winterhalter | 1147 |
Louis VII takes the oriflamme to Saint Denis | Jean-Baptiste Mauzaesse | 1147 |
Surprise of the Camp of Nur ad-Din, Sultan of Aleppo | ? | 1150 |
Allain Fergent, Duke of Brittany | Édouard Odier | |
Josselin of Courtenay, Count of Edessa | Édouard Odier | |
Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem | Édouard Odier | |
Eustace III, Count of Boulogne | Édouard Odier | |
Saint Louis the mediator between the English King and his barons | Georges Rouget | 23 January 1264 |
Third room paintings
[edit]Painting | Painter | Year Depicted (If Applicable) |
---|---|---|
Preaching the first crusade to Clermont in Auvergne | Hendrik Scheffer | November 1095 |
Tancred's Siege of Bethlehem | Pierre Révoil | 7 June 1099 |
Procession of the Crusaders around Jerusalem, the day before the siege of the city, 14 July 1099 | Jean-Victor Schnetz | 14 July 1099 |
Godfrey of Boullion holds the first Conference of the kingdom of Jerusalem | Pierre-Jules Jollivet | January 1100 |
Institution of the Knights Hospitallers | Henri Decaisne | 15 February 1113 |
Siege of Tyre by the crusaders | Alexandre-François Caminade | 7 July 1124 |
Institution of the Knights Templars | François Marius Granet | 1123 |
Pope Eugenius receives the ambassadors of Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem | Hortense Haudebourt-Lescot | 1145 |
Siege of Lisbon by the crusaders | Augustus Desmoulins | 24 October 1147 |
Louis VII defends himself against seven Saracens | Antoine-Félix Boisselier | January 1148 |
Louis VII, Emperor Conrad, and Baldwin III, deliberate at Ptolemais (Acre) on the conduct of the holy war | Charles-Alexandre Debacq | 1191 |
Siege of Ascalon | Sébastien Cornu | 19 August 1153 |
Battle of Putaha | Éloi Firmin Féron | 1159 |
Combat near Nazareth | ? | 1 May 1187 |
Ptolemais (Acre) returns to King Philip Augustus and King Richard the Lionheart | Merry-Joseph Blondel | 12 July 1191 |
Margaret of France, Queen of Hungary, leads the Hungarians to the crusade | Édouard Pingret | 1196 |
Siege of Constantinople by the crusaders | Eugène Delacroix | 1204 |
Siege of Damietta by John of Brienne | Henri Delaborde | 5 November 1219 |
Raising of the siege of Rhodes | Édouard Odier | 17 August 1480 |
Entrance of the Knights Hospitallers into Viterbo | Augustus Debay | 1527 |
The Knights Hospitallers take possession of the island of Malta | René Théodore Berthon | 26 October 1530 |
Raising the siege of Malta | Charles-Philippe Larivière | September 1565 |
Pierre of Aubusson, master of the Knights Hospitallers | Édouard Odier | |
John, Lord of Joinville | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Charles of France, Count of Anjou | Henri Decaisne | |
Phillip of Villiers of l'Isle-adam, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers | Gillot Saint-Evre | |
Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templars | Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval | |
Louis IX, King of France | Émile Signol | |
Robert of France, Count of Artois | Henri Decaisne | |
Alphonse of France, Count of Pointers | Henri Decaisne | |
Richard the Lionheart, King of England | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux | Leon de Lestang-Parade | |
Philip Augustus, King of France | Emile Signol | |
Albéric Clément, Marshal of May | Henri Decaisne | |
Foulques de Villaret, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers | Eugène Goyet | 1305-1319 |
Raymond of Puy, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller | Alexandre Laemlein | |
Louis VII, King of France | Émile Signol | |
Henry I, Count of Champagne | Henri Decaisne | |
Hugh of Payens, Grand Master of the Knights Templars | Henri Lehmann | |
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Godfrey of Bouillon | ? | |
Robert II of Flanders, the Jerusalemite | Henri Decaisne | |
Robert III Curthose of Normandy | Henri Decaisne | |
Tancred, prince of Tiberias | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa between the Spanish and the Moors | Horace Vernet | 16 July 1212 |
Peter the Hermit | Léon de Lestang-Parade | |
Hugh of France, Count of Vermandois | Henri Decaisne | |
Adhemar of Monteil, Bishop of Puy | Merry-Joseph Blondel | |
John Parisot of La Valette, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers | Charles-Philippe Larivière |
Fourth room paintings
[edit]Painting | Painter | Year Depicted (If Applicable) |
---|---|---|
Reception of John of Brienne in Ptolemais | ? | 13 September 1210 |
Landing of Saint Louis in Egypt | Georges Rouget | 5 June 1249 |
Saint Louis receives the patriarch of Jerusalem in Damietta | Oscar Gué | 1249 |
Gaucher of Châtillon defends the only entrance of a street in the neighborhood of Munyat Abû Abdallah | Karl Girardet | 6 April 1250 |
William of Clermont defends Ptolemais | Dominique Papety | May 1291 |
Siege of Rhodes by the Knights Hospitallers | Éloi Firmin Féron | 13 August 1310 |
Defense of Rhodes against the Ottoman Sultan | Gustaf Wappers | 1315 |
Naval battle won by the Knights Hospitallers; siege of the island of Escopia by the Ottoman Turks | Augustus Mayer | 1323 |
Siege of Smyrna by the Knights of Rhodes | Charles-Alexandre Debacq | 28 October 1344 |
Naval battle won by the Knights Hospitallers; siege of the island of Escopia over the Ottoman Turks | Eugène Lepoittevin | 1347 |
The Knights Hospitallers reestablish religion in Armenia | Henri Delaborde | 1347 |
Siege of the Citadel of Jaffa | Édouard Girardet | 31 July 1191 |
The Marshal of Boucicault defends Constantinople against the sultan Bajezet | Jean-Pierre Granger | 1402 |
Chapter of the Knights Hospitaller, convened at Rhodes by the Grand Master Fabrizio del Carretto to deliberate over the defense of the island against the Turks | Claudius Jacquand | 1514 |
Boucicault, known as John of Meingre, Marshal of France | Alexandre Laemlein | |
Philip III, called the Adventurous, King of France | Alexandre Laemlein | |
John Bonpar of Lastic, Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of Rhodes | Alexandre Genet |
Fifth room paintings
[edit]Painting | Painter | Year Depicted (If Applicable) |
---|---|---|
Battle of Ascalon (Battle of Mongisard, near Ascalon) | Philip larivière | 25 November 1177 |
Interview of Philip Augustus and Henry II at Gisors | Gillot Saint-Evre | 21 January 1188 |
Battle of Arsuf 1191 | Éloi Firmin Féron | 7 September 1191 |
Defeat of Malek-Adel between Tyre and Sidon | ? | 1197 |
Siege of Beirut by Amaury II | Alexandre Hesse | 24 October 1197 |
Baldwin, Count of Flanders, crowned Emperor of Constantinople | Louis Gallait | 6 May 1204 |
The Assembly of crusaders in the church of Saint Mark (Geoffrey of Villehardouin asks Venice for vessels to transport the Crusaders to Palestine) | Charles-Caïus Renoux | 1201 |
Boniface of Montfort chosen as leader of the Fourth Crusade | Pierre-Antoine Labouchère | 1201 |
Andrew, King of Hungary, becomes an associate of the Knights Hospitallers | 1208 | |
Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem | François-Édouard Picot | |
John of Brienne, Emperor of Constantinople | François-Édouard Picot | |
Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem | François-Édouard Picot | |
Baldwin I, Emperor of Constantinople | François-Édouard Picot | |
Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor | François-Édouard Picot |
Gallery
[edit]- Jacques de Molay, Grand Maître de l'Ordre du Temple, prend Jerusalem (1099) by Claudius Jacquand
- Foulques de Villaret, grand maître des hospitaliers de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem de 1307 à 1327, c. 1841, by Eugène Goyet
See also
[edit]References
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