Sebastián de la Cuadra, 1st Marquess of Villarías

The Most Excellent The Marquess of Villarías KOS OSJ
First Secretary of Spain
In office 26 November 1736 – 4 December 1746
Monarchs	Philip V Ferdinand VI
Preceded by	José Patiño
Succeeded by	José de Carvajal
Secretary of State of Justice of Spain
In office 6 December 1741 – 3 January 1747
Monarchs	Philip V Ferdinand VI
First Secretary of State	Himself José de Carvajal
Preceded by	Jose Rodrigo y Villapando
Succeeded by	Himself (as interim)
Interim
In office 3 January – 8 October 1747
Monarch	Ferdinand VI
First Secretary of State	Himself José de Carvajal
Preceded by	Himself
Succeeded by	Alonso Muñiz y Caso Osorio
Personal details
Born	19 January 1687 San Julián de Musques, Spain
Died	23 April 1766(1766-04-23) (aged 79) Madrid, Spain

Sebastián de la Cuadra y Llarena, 1st Marquess of Villarías (19 January 1687 – 23 April 1766) was a Spanish statesman. He served as Chief Minister (First Secretary of State) between 1736 and 1746 during the reign of Philip V of Spain.

He was the third son of Simón de la Quadra y Medrano, Síndico General of the Comarca of Las Encartaciones, and the grandson of Francisco de la Quadra de Llano and Isabel de Medrano y Foncerrada; the latter was the daughter of Santiago de Medrano. In 1700, he moved to Madrid, where he was a protégé of future Secretary of State José de Grimaldo. There he perfected his manners and preparation, until in 1703 he introduced him to the administrative career.

He was the third son of Simón de la Quadra y Medrano, who had been General Trustee of Las Encartaciones, mayor of San Julián and alcalde of the Council of Musques,^[1] and of María de Llarena y Sobrado. His family belonged to the Basque rural nobility, and they used to hold administrative positions in the Biscayan region of the Somorrostro valley, Las Encartaciones, to the North West of the Basque Country, on the border with Cantabria. Sebastián first studied at the San Julián school, close to his house, on the banks of the Barbadún river; Later, since his father wanted to direct his career towards the Court, he went to Madrid in 1700, to serve as a page for José de Grimaldo (who would later be Secretary of War and Finance).^[2]

Under the protection of José de Grimaldo, Sebastian was appointed official of the Secretariat of the Office of War and Finance in 1705 and was ascending the ranks until on November 30, 1714 he was appointed sixth official of the same secretariat. Three years later, on May 1, 1717, he was elected fourth officer, on November 21, 1719, second officer. He became in 1719 Mayor of Muskiz, a Basque town exploiting iron ores and local smelters, having two himself, one working as early as the 15th century. But he remained in Madrid and was represented in Muskiz by his brother Agustin. He became a Knight of the Military Order of Santiago in 1730 (sig. 2239). in 1723 he reached the rank of senior officer and he had been appointed secretary to the King with the exercise of decrees.^[3] On March 3, 1732, he reached the rank of secretary of the Secretariat of Aragon of the Chamber of Castile and obtained the title of secretary ad honorem.

In 1736 he became himself First Secretary of State, when José Patiño died. From 1741 he also controlled the Justice Department. For much of this late period in office, Spain was involved in the War of Jenkins' Ear with Britain and the War of the Austrian Succession in Italy. Jaime Vélaz de Medrano y Barros, III Marquess of Tabuérniga made contact with Sebastian in August 1746 - setting out proposed British terms for a peace agreement. The Prime Minister of Spain Villarías told him Spain was ready to agree to the terms. The talks floundered over the future of Naples and finally broke down, although the Spanish remained open to further discussions at a later date. He was replaced by José de Carvajal y Lancáster in December 1746. For his service he was made Marqués de Villarías by King Philip V of Spain on 22 March 1739, an honour awarded sometimes either to outgoing First Ministers or during their tenure.

Sebastian was a prominent co-founder of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in 1744. The recognition of his protection over this academy is perfectly reflected in the work 'The Allegory of Fine Arts', painted by Antonio González Ruiz, which is an evident reflection of the recognition of his management, since the author wanted to immortalize his portrait in the lower right corner. He also helped Agustín de Montiano y Luyando to obtain royal protection in 1738 for the foundation of the Royal Academy of History and initiated the procedures for the foundation of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Villarías personally took up a primitive idea in 1726 of the constitution of an Academy, taking as his best collaborator the sculptor Juan Domingo Olivieri. This Genoese was called by this defendant in 1739 to make him the first sculptor of the Court. His personal success, as well as his integration into the court environment, made him establish in 1741 a sculpture academy in his house —on the first floor of the palace—, consecrated in a public meeting presided over by his protector Sebastian De la Cuadra Medrano y Llarena, held in the house of the princess of Robec.

From these assemblies, in 1744, Olivieri and the Marquis of Villarías drafted a project for the foundation of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts entitled "Rules that are proposed to the Hon. Mr. Marqués de Villarías so that after two years of practice that seem convenient for now, they can contribute to the formation of laws for the Academy of Sculpture, Painting and Architecture that is intended to be founded in Madrid under the protection of the King". Later, and after different procedures, it was approved in 1744 by the Marquis himself, first on May 20 and, definitively, by the King on July 13 with the foundation of said Royal Academy. It was then that the "Preparatory Board" was formed, in which The Marquis of Villarías became the main protector of the company. In this way, he, and the rest of the members of the board, fell on all the responsibilities until the definitive institutional creation of the Academy of Fine Arts by Fernando VI in 1751.

Although Sebastián de la Cuadra had left for the Court as a child, he kept a strong bond with his homeland. His mediating action in different questions and conflicts of the lordship and the Encartaciones before the King himself meant that, together with his action in favor of his house, he became patron of those territories, which led him to directly influence his policy. In addition, his ascendancy in the Court and his closeness to the King placed him in a position to patronize, an action that he exercised over young relatives and associates who came from the northern lands, both in the Court and in other areas of the Monarchy. Sebastian placed six of his nephews in the Secretary of State and of the Office that he directed and was able to influence the appointment of several of his relatives as dignities of various cathedrals. Despite being in Madrid, he obtained different jobs in his community of origin, which he must have completed through a relative. In this way, he was required to occupy positions of the lordship (alderman in 1730 and deputy general in 1740) and from 1722 he enjoyed the provost of the towns of Ondárroa, Guernica and Bermeo, which were administered by his older brother Agustín.

Also in 1722, he was granted the patronage of the Biscayan churches of San Andrés de Gámiz and San Andrés de Pedernales, which further extended his power and his social significance in those territories. On the other hand, he carried out patronage work in his small homeland, diverting a large flow of capital to collaborate in economic needs and to make different donations in the community.

Together with several members of his family, they began construction in 1742, almost in its entirety, of the parish church of San Juan Bautista de Somorrostro. Taking advantage of the new plant, he was able to build a chapel next to the gospel dedicated to Saint Clement, where his coat of arms is displayed, as well as the Carrara marble bust of his figure. Already ill and without having married, the Marquis of Villarías made his will on March 9, 1766, naming his brother Agustín as universal and sole heir, and in the event of his death, his nephew Simón de la Cuadra.

Through said testament he founded the bond and mayorazgo, which was added to the one that had been constituted by his father, integrating the title of Castilla de Marqués de Villarías, his jurisdiction and his Lordship and Vassalage. All the houses, lands and other possessions that in that town of Villarías and Merindad de Castilla la Vieja, his brother Agustín had bought as a result of the orders that he had given him for this, were also joined. The portions of land that he had bought in the meadow of Villanueva de la Serena (Badajoz), made up of 5,133 and a half head of sheep, were added.

Sebastian died in Madrid on April 23, 1766, at the age of seventy-nine, and was buried the following day in the church of the convent of the Agonizing Sick Ministers Regular Clergy Fathers, on Fuencarral de la Villa y Corte street.

Sebastián de la Cuadra was of a quiet and discrete nature. He was very religious and never married. He had a large network to gather all necessary information to serve the King and even more the Queen. The British Ambassador Benjamin Keene didn't hold him in high regards, and the Queen treated him as a servant.^[4]

He died without issue on 23 April 1766. The 2nd Marquess of Villarías was his brother, Agustín de la Cuadra y de Llarena, (5 November 1679 - married 17 December 1709 to Andresa Manuela de Mollinedo).

Agustin and Sebastian had a sister, Francisca de la Cuadra y de Llarena, born also in San Julián de Musques on 13 October 1697. She married Simon de Llano y Musquez on 16 February 1716; they had 8 children. Among their children were:

• Sebastián de Llano y la Cuadra, born in 1727, who married in The Hague, Holland, Baroness María de Adelmar Paniariui, in 1783. He became the 3rd Marquess of Villarías in 1766 and was promoted to conde de Senafé (8 August 1780), awarded by King Charles III of Spain. He was also Ambassador to the United Provinces under King Charles IV of Spain.
• José Antonio de Llano y la Cuadra. Ambassador in Vienna, Austria, He was promoted to Marqués de Llano on the death in 1794 of his brother José Agustín.
• José Agustín de Llano y la Cuadra (15 October 1722 - 5 March 1794), born also in San Julián de Musques (today Muskiz, in Basque language). Oficial Mayor to the First Secretary of State, Ambassador in Vienna, Austria, Knight of the Military Order of Santiago in 1741, (sig. 4729), 1st Marqués de Llano, (23 April 1772), by King Charles III of Spain. He married on 12 June 1770 the very wealthy Isabel Parreño, from Corral de Almaguer, province of Toledo, Spain. She was painted by the famous Danish-German Court painter Anton Raphael Mengs (1728–1779), and protected in Vienna in 1785, Spanish opera and ballet composer Vicente Martín y Soler, (Valencia, 1754 - Saint Petersburg, Russia, January 1806) monitoring him to become the Director, court composer, after 1788 of the Saint Petersburg Opera, with Empress Catherine II of Russia.

Sebastián was the paternal nephew of Isabel de la Cuadra y Medrano and Francisco de la Cuadra y Medrano.

• List of prime ministers of Spain
• Jaime Vélaz de Medrano y Barros, III Marquess of Tabuérniga

• MCN Biography (in Spanish)
• Genealogy (in Spanish)
• Euskomedia Biography (in Spanish)
• Juan Antonio Llorente, (born 1756 - 1823), Noticias históricas de las tres provincias vascongadas, Alava, Guipuzcoa y Vizcaya en que se procura .., Madrid Imprenta Real, (1808),consulted in Internet, (22 July 2009), at the Library of the University of Michigan, U.S. A. :
• Noticias históricas de las tres provincias vascongadas ..., reprint of this Bonapartist member of the Spanish Inquisition, Author Juan Antonio Llorente, Edición 3, Editor Editorial Amigos del Libro Vasco, (1984) ISBN 84-7572-119-2, ISBN 978-84-7572-119-4, 479 pages.
• W. F. REDDAWAY, Don Sebastian de Llano and the Danish Revolution, The English Historical Review, Vol. 41, No. 161 (Jan., 1926), pp. 78–90, (article consists of 13 pages), Published by: Oxford University Press.