Serbia–United Kingdom relations

British – Serbian relations
Map indicating locations of United Kingdom and Serbia

United Kingdom
Serbia

British – Serbian relations are foreign relations between the United Kingdom and Serbia. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1837.[1] The UK has an embassy and consulate in Belgrade[2] and Serbia has an embassy in London.[3] The Serbian ambassador to the United Kingdom is dr Dejan Popović[4] and the British ambassador to Serbia is Sian MacLeod.[2]

Trade between the two countries in 2004 amounted to US$245.8 million. In the first ten months of 2005 exports of Serbia and Montenegro to Great Britain accounted for US$68.2 million (110.6 per cent increase compared to the same period in 2004) and the imports from the UK were US$104.2 million (85 per cent increase compared to the same period in 2004).[1]

The 2001 UK Census recorded 31,244 people born in the former state of Serbia and Montenegro, which are now the independent states of Serbia and Montenegro, while Kosovo's independence from Serbia is still disputed.[5]

History

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180th Anniversary of Serbia-United Kingdom relations on 2017 post stamp of Serbia, showing Miloš Obrenović I of Serbia and sir George Lloyd Hodges
The mural Britannia Pacificatrix by Sigismund Goetze in the British Foreign Office. The mural portrays Britain and the Allies, Serbia is shown as one of the little girls.

During Gascoyne-Cecil's first tenure as Prime Minister from 1885–1886, his cabinet held negative views of Kingdom of Serbia and instead supported the Kingdom of Bulgaria. A Times correspondent claimed that Serbia was the biggest threat to peace in the Balkans. This view was refuted by archeologist Arthur Evans, who stated that Serbs in Kosovo and Metohija were facing terror from the hand of local Albanian population, with murders being a daily occurrence.[6]

The Kingdom of Serbia and the UK were allies in World War I. British influence in Serbia became more relevant only after WWI.[7] Around 350 Serb pupils and students received an education in the United Kingdom during this period and afterwards, under the supervision of university professor Pavle Popović, who was a visiting professor at King's College.[8] The Serbian Relief Fund and Serbian Minister's Fund were formed for the purpose of providing financial and other aid to Serb students in UK, and a hostel for Serb students was opened.[9] In the 1920s, Serbs went to Britain to study banking, finances and economics, while in the 1930s mining engineering was the main field of study.[10]

In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the UK was perceived as a friendly country and an ally. Serb elites, based mostly in Belgrade, like Slobodan Jovanovic and Bogdan Bogdanovic considered that Serbs and the British shared a joint love of liberty and fierce patriotism, and they advocated looking upon United Kingdom in order to further develop democracy in the country.[11]

As early as the 1920s, London made its way to Serbia, mostly through banks. In 1920, the British Trade Corporation was founded in Belgrade. Although this bank only operated until 1928, its work led to serious improvements in the local industry, primarily mining. In the same period, relations between the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Church of England were established.[8][12] Several big donations of books by British to Serbian libraries took place in the 1920s. British citizens were the main foreign sponsors of scientific research in the interwar period. Archaeological excavations in Vinča were funded by sir Charles Hyde.[13]

Bishop Nikolaj Velimirović played an important role in furthering the relations between the two countries. He was held in high regard in London, and Velimirović was the first Orthodox clergyman to preach at St. Paul’s Cathedral. He established firm relations between the Serbian Orthodox Church with the Church of England.[14]

An English Language and Literature Department was formed in Belgrade in 1929.[15] Cultural and other exchanges became popular in the interwar period. A number of societies of Yugoslav-British friendship were functioning in Belgrade in 1930s, with full support from the Yugoslav government. Several important local cultural figures were part of the friendship society, such as Isidora Sekulić, Raša Plaović, and Viktor Novak. As of 1935, the English language was taught in schools in Serbia, but to a smaller degree compared to French and German, due to lack of teachers and political reasons.[8] A total of 75 students with Yugoslav citizenship were enrolled at British faculties in the Interwar period, of which six got their PhD in the country, mostly in the subject of English literature.

Following the Yugoslav coup d'état, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia entered World War II on the Allied side.

Economic relations

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From 1 September 2013 until 30 December 2020, trade between Serbia and the UK was governed by the Serbia–European Union Stabilisation and Association Process, while the United Kingdom was a member.[16] Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, the UK and Serbia signed a continuity trade agreement on 16 April 2021, based on the EU free trade agreement; the agreement entered into force on 20 May 2021.[17][18] Trade value between Serbia and the United Kingdom was worth £904 million in 2022.[19]

Resident diplomatic missions

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  • Serbia has an embassy in London.
  • the United Kingdom has an embassy in Belgrade.
  • Embassy of Serbia in London
    Embassy of Serbia in London
  • Embassy of the United Kingdom in Belgrade
    Embassy of the United Kingdom in Belgrade

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Bilateral Political Relations". mfa.gov.rs. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011.
  2. ^ a b Our embassy
  3. ^ Home Page - Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in London, Great Britain
  4. ^ "About The Embassy - Embassy of the Republic of Serbia in London, Great Britain". Archived from the original on 2012-04-18. Retrieved 2010-03-25.
  5. ^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
  6. ^ Marković, Slobodan G. (2006). Grof Čedomilj Mijatović: Viktorijanac među Srbima. Belgrade: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Dositej. pp. 130–131.
  7. ^ Gašić 2005, p. 7.
  8. ^ a b c Gašić 2005, pp. 170–171.
  9. ^ Gašić 2005, pp. 173–174.
  10. ^ Gašić 2005, p. 184.
  11. ^ Gašić 2005.
  12. ^ Чалија, Ј. "СПЦ и англиканци – век пријатељства". Politika Online. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  13. ^ Gašić 2005, p. 226.
  14. ^ Markovich, Slobodan G. (2017). "Activities of Father Nikolai Velimirovich in Great Britain during the Great War". Balcanica (XLVIII): 143–190. doi:10.2298/BALC1748143M. hdl:21.15107/rcub_dais_5544.
  15. ^ "English Language, Literature and Culture | Faculty of Philology" (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  16. ^ "EU - Serbia". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  17. ^ "Serbia: UK and Serbia sign Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement". GOV.UK. 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  18. ^ "Serbia-UK trade deal is more than good business". Emerging Europe. 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  19. ^ "UK trade agreements in effect". GOV.UK. 3 November 2022. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.

Sources and further reading

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  • Antić, Čedomir D. "Crisis and Armament: Economic Relations Between Great Britain and Serbia 1910–1912." Balcanica 36 (2005): 151-163 online.
  • Bataković, Dušan T. "Serbia and Greece in the First World War: an overview." Balkan Studies 45.1 (2004): 59-80 online.
  • Antić, Čedomir. Ralph Paget: a diplomat in Serbia (Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2006) online free.
  • Boyd, James. "Representing the Western Balkans, Post-war Understandings: A discourse analysis of contemporary representations of Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia in UK press media." (2018) online.
  • Gašić, Ranka (2005). Beograd u hodu ka Evropi: Kulturni uticaji Britanije i Nemačke na beogradsku elitu 1918–1941. Belgrade: Institut za savremenu istoriju. ISBN 86-7403-085-8.
  • Gavrilović, Michael. "The Early Diplomatic Relations of Great Britain and Serbia." Slavonic Review (1922): 1#1 86-109 online.
    • Gavrilović, Michael. "The Early Diplomatic Relations of Great Britain and Serbia.(II)." Slavonic Review (1922): 333-351 online.
    • Gavrilović, Michael. "The Early Diplomatic Relations of Great Britain and Serbia.(III)." Slavonic Review (1923): 552-560 online.
  • Glaurdić, Josip. The hour of Europe: Western powers and the breakup of Yugoslavia (Yale UP, 2011).
  • Hodge, Carole. Britain and the Balkans: 1991 until the Present (Routledge, 2006).
  • McCourt, David. "Embracing humanitarian intervention: Atlanticism and the UK interventions in Bosnia and Kosovo." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 15.2 (2013): 246-262 online[dead link‍].
  • Markovich, Slobodan G., ed. British-Serbian Relations from the 18th to the 21st Centuries (Faculty of Political Science of the University of Belgrade [and] Zepter Book World, 2018) online link.
  • Pavlowitch, Stevan K. Anglo-Russian rivalry in Serbia 1837-1839 (1961)
  • Simms, Brendan. Unfinest hour: Britain and the destruction of Bosnia (Penguin UK, 2002).
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