Simon Wessely

Sir
Simon Wessely
FMedSci FRS
Simon Wessely in 2016
Born
Simon Charles Wessely

December 1956 (age 67)
Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England
Education
Years active1978–present
SpouseClare Gerada
Medical career
ProfessionRegius Professor
Psychiatrist
InstitutionsKing's College London
ResearchChronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War syndrome, Military psychiatry
AwardsJohn Maddox Prize
Jean Hunter Prize
Knight Bachelor

Sir Simon Charles Wessely FMedSci FRS (born 23 December 1956) is a British psychiatrist. He is Regius Professor of Psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and head of its department of psychological medicine, vice dean for academic psychiatry, teaching and training at the Institute of Psychiatry, as well as Director of the King's Centre for Military Health Research. He is also honorary consultant psychiatrist at King's College Hospital and the Maudsley Hospital, as well as civilian consultant advisor in psychiatry to the British Army.[1] He was knighted in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to military healthcare and to psychological medicine.[2] From 2014 to 2017, he was the elected president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists[3] and then became the first psychiatrist to be elected as President of the Royal Society of Medicine in 200 years.[4]

He became Britain's first and only Regius Professor of Psychiatry in 2018,[5] and joined the board of NHS-England in 2023.

Training

After attending King Edward VII School in Sheffield from 1968 to 1975, Wessely studied at Trinity Hall, Cambridge (BA 1978), University College, Oxford (BM BCh 1981), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MSc 1989). In 1993 the University of London conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine.[6]

Wessely completed a medical rotation in Newcastle. After attaining medical membership he studied psychiatry (his primary interest) at the Maudsley in 1984. His 1993 doctoral thesis was on the relationship between crime and schizophrenia. Post-doctoral studies included a year at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and a year studying epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.[1] In 1999 he was elected fellow of the UK Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci).[7]

Research

Wessely's main research interests lie in the "grey areas" between medicine and psychiatry, clinical epidemiology and military health. His first paper was entitled "Dementia and Mrs. Thatcher", since then he has published over 900 papers. His first interest was in medically unexplained symptoms and syndromes, most often about chronic fatigue syndrome, including its aetiology, history, psychology, immunology, sociology, epidemiology and treatment. Later he  moved into military health, publishing on numerous areas including combat stress, post traumatic stress, mental health screening, tour length, shell shock, Gulf War syndrome,  Forces Health Protection, veterans' mental and physical health, substance misuse, stigma, impact of deployment, families, children of military families, reservists, cohesion and morale, concussion and head injury, combat motivation, peer support, moral injury, peacekeeping, violence, women in combat roles, and military history.[1]

Other interests include epidemiology, , medicine and law, history of psychiatry, chronic pain, somatisation,  chemical and biological terrorism and deliberate self-harm.

He has over 1000 papers with an H index of 153 and his work has been cited in over 118, 000 scientific papers (April 2023)[8] In 2021 he became a ‘Highly Cited Researcher”, putting him in the top 0.1% of science and social science researchers.[9]

Work on chronic fatigue syndrome

In the first years after the introduction of the diagnosis chronic fatigue syndrome the condition was often mocked in the media, for example being described as "yuppie flu".[10] Wessely and his co-workers verified that this stereotype was inaccurate, substantiating an association between autonomic dysfunction and chronic fatigue syndrome[11] and providing reliable data on the prevalence of CFS in the community, showing that it has become an important public health issue.[12] Other work on CFS included the development of new measurement tools,[13] establishing the lack of relationship between hyperventilation and CFS,[14] discovery of an endocrine "signature" for CFS that differed from depression[citation needed] and that prior depressive illnesses were likely linked to the condition in some cases.[15]

Wessely and his colleagues, using randomised controlled trials and follow-up studies,[16] developed a rehabilitation strategy for patients that involved cognitive behavioural and graded exercise therapy, that is claimed to be effective in reducing symptoms of CFS (a condition that otherwise lacks a cure or unequivocally successful treatment) in ambulant (non-severely affected) patients.[17][18] Other studies looked at the professional and popular views of CFS,[19] neuropsychological impairment in CFS,[20] and cytokine activation in the illness.[21] Some of his other written work includes a history of CFS,[22] numerous reviews, and co-authoring the 1998 book Chronic fatigue and its syndromes.[23] He has also established the first National Health Service programme solely devoted to patients with CFS, and continues to provide ongoing treatment with patients at King's College Hospital.[24]

Wessely believes that CFS generally has some organic trigger, such as a virus, but that the role of psychological and social factors are more important in perpetuating the illness, otherwise known as the 'cognitive behavioural model' of CFS, and that treatments centred around these factors can be effective. He describes the cognitive behavioural model as follows: "According to the model the symptoms and disability of CFS are perpetuated predominantly by dysfunctional illness beliefs and coping behaviours. These beliefs and behaviours interact with the patient's emotional and physiological state and interpersonal situation to form self-perpetuating vicious circles of fatigue and disability... The patient is encouraged to think of the illness as 'real but reversible by his or her own efforts' rather than (as many patients do) as a fixed unalterable disease".[17][25][26]

In an interview with the BMJ, Wessely said that although viruses and other infections are clearly involved in triggering the onset of CFS, "we're not going to go doing more and more tests to find out what was the virus because, frankly, even if we found it there's nothing we're going to do about it. We're in the business of rehabilitation." He used the analogy of a hit-and-run accident in which finding out the manufacturer or number plate of the car that hits you doesn't assist the doctor in trying to mend the injury.[27]

In 2009 a paper was published in Science stating that the XMRV virus was found in two-thirds of CFS patients. Wessely collaborated with experts in retrovirology at Imperial College London, sharing with them stored DNA samples from the King’s CFS unit, and providing the first proof that XMRV was not the cause of CFS/ME. Wessely also said that this research fails to model the role that childhood abuse, psychological factors, and other infections may play in the illness.  The Science paper was retracted but not before there was intense criticism of the King’s/Imperial failure to replicate, claiming that the patients seen at King’s did not have CFS/ME. The team responded showing this to be unfair [28]

Opposition and criticism

In an interview published by The Lancet,[29] Wessely discusses the controversy relating to his work on Gulf War syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome. With hindsight he states that he was keen to get published, could have been more diplomatic, and is now better at handling controversy.[30] He has been described as both "the most hated doctor in Britain" and "one of the most respected psychiatrists working in Britain today".[31][32]

Although Wessely has studied physical markers, and allows the possibility of a biological basis to CFS, he is not confident of such a basis, and remains sceptical.[33] He has also suggested that campaigners are motivated "not so much by a dispassionate thirst for knowledge but more by an overwhelming desire to get rid of the psychiatrists"[citation needed] from the area of chronic fatigue syndrome, despite having himself published research which concluded that "the stereotype of CFS sufferers as perfectionists with negative attitudes toward psychiatry was not supported".[34][35] When asked about severely affected bed-ridden patients, Wessely said "in that kind of disability, psychological factors are important and I don't care how unpopular that statement makes me."[25]

Malcolm Hooper,[36] the Countess of Mar,[37] and others have strongly criticised Wessely including specific allegations which he said are myths.[38] In a 2002 article on chronic fatigue syndrome, The Guardian characterised the criticisms of one group of patients as a "vendetta."[33] Wessely has repeatedly stated he has been the subject of numerous threats and personal attacks, and that "militants" have even made threats to his life.[39] "It is a relentless, vicious, vile campaign designed to hurt and intimidate...For some years now all my mail has been x rayed. I have speed dial phones and panic buttons at police request and receive a regular briefing on my safety and specific threats." Wessely gave up research into CFS around 2001, and as of 2011 his clinical work was with members of the armed forces; he said: "I now go to Iraq and Afghanistan, where I feel a lot safer".[40]

Military health

Wessely's work was the first to show that service in the 1991 Gulf War had had a significant effect on the health of UK servicemen and women.[41] Their work found an association between both multiple vaccines and vaccines used to protect against biological warfare.[42] His group also confirmed that classic psychiatric injury,  (PTSD), was not a sufficient explanation for the observed health problems,[43] He and his colleagues in the medical school showed persisting evidence of immune activation 2004_skowera_a.pdf (kcmhr.org), but did not find evidence that exposure to organophosphate agents had caused chronic neurological damage,[44] nor evidence linking depleted uranium to Gulf War Illness. . The group also showed that although many veterans, irrespective of service in the 1991 Gulf War,  who left the Armed Forces with persisting mental health problems did seek and receive help for mental health problems, a substantial minority did not [45]

While this work, Wessely's evidence to the Lloyd Inquiry, and the work of other investigators was crucial in categorising Gulf War syndrome as a verifiable consequence of service in the Gulf, which resulted in affected Gulf War veterans being able to receive war pensions, Wessely does not believe that Gulf War syndrome exists as a distinct illness, stating "Is there a problem? Yes there is. Is it Gulf War syndrome or isn't it? I think that's a statistical and technical question that's of minor interest".    His and many other groups failed to show the existence of a discrete syndrome related to Gulf War Service ,[46] as a result of which he prefers the term  “Gulf War Illnesses” or  “Gulf War health effects”.  which might have at least in part being triggered by stress, specifically troops' anxiety about chemical weapons and vaccines, as well as misinformation about Gulf War syndrome.

In 1998 Wessely co founded the King’s Centre for Military Health (KCMHR) with social scientist Professor Christopher Dandeker  (King's Centre for Military Health Research (kcmhr.org).  Following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and mindful of the problems that had arisen with Gulf War Illnesses, they began a new long term study of the possible impact of this new deployment on the health and well being of UK Armed Forces deployed to Iraq.  This study has continued to the present day, and is the main source of information on the short, medium and long term effects of the deployment to Iraq (Op TELIC and subsequently Afghanistan  (Op HERRICK).

Early results showed that there had been no “Iraq War Syndrome”,[47] despite the fact that the Forces had received similar drugs and vaccinations to protect against chemical and biological warfare.  Improvements in record keeping now showed that both anthrax and multiple vaccinations were not associated with medium or long term ill health.[48]  KCMHR did not find an early and anticipated “tidal wave” or “tsumani” of PTSD in Regulars post deployment, but did show that reservists experienced more frequent and prolonged ill health that Regulars.  As a consequence of this MOD created a new specific mental health programme for reservists.  However, by ten and then 20 years, PTSD rates had increased overall  (from 4 to 8%), with the greatest increase in those who had been in direct combat roles, and had now left the Services (15%)

KCMHR, has become a leading centres in military health research globally. In two recent citation analyses Wessely was rated the most published author on military health, with his colleagues Professors Fear and Greenberg in third and fourth place globally.[49][50]

President of Royal College of Psychiatrists

In 2014, Wessely was elected president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He has used his position to argue for better resources for mental health and the treatment of mental disorders [51] and holding the government to account.[52] This included drawing attention to the large disparity between those receiving any form of treatment for physical disorders such as diabetes and those with serious mental health problems,[53] making the case that we can successfully treat many mental health problems,[54] and that patients with disorders do get better. He also argued that there were dangers in pulling out of the European Convention on Human Rights.[55]

As president he has been a regular media spokesperson such as on BBC current affairs programme Panorama,[56] and that killings by those with mental illness are both unusual and declining.[57] He has argued against making benefits conditional on co operating with mental health treatments,[58] as subsequently accepted by the Carol Black report and warned psychiatrists against diagnosing Donald Trump, no matter how tempting this may be.[59]

He has also claimed to oppose lazy or negative stereotypes and images of psychiatry [60] and false dichotomies such as "physical versus mental" or "drugs versus talking"[61] and instead putting forward more positive images. For example, on Any Questions in August 2014, he opposed the motion proposed by Will Self that psychiatrists were to blame for the current epidemic of mental disorders.[62]

During the junior doctors dispute he continued to emphasise support for junior psychiatrists [63] whilst arguing that the deeper causes of the dispute went beyond pay and hours,[64] comparing junior doctors careers to "being shuffled around the country like lost luggage" [65] and that it is impossible go on increasing demand and expectations with diminishing resources.[66]

Wessely was succeeded as president by Professor Wendy Burn in June 2017.[67]

Review of the Mental Health Act

In October 2017 the Prime Minister Theresa May announced that she had chosen Wessely to conduct a review of the Mental Health Act. He stated in an interview with the Huffington Post "Reviewing the act isn't just about changing the legislation. In some ways that might be the easy part. The bigger challenge is changing the way we deliver care so that people do not need to be detained in the first place. In my experience it is unusual for a detention to be unnecessary – by the time we get to that stage people are often very unwell, and there seems few other alternatives available."[68]

Other interests

Wessely also has a long-standing interest in how normal people react to adversity, and what, if any, responses are appropriate. He was a co-author of an influential Cochrane Review showing that the conventional intervention for disaster survivors – to offer immediate psychological debriefing – was not only ineffective, but possibly did more harm than good.[69] Since then he has published on civilian reactions to the Blitz, and latterly an early study of reactions to the 7 July 2005 London bombings,[70] the Litvinenko affair,[71] and swine flu.[72]

In many venues, he has argued that people are more resilient than we give them credit for, and that the best thing we can do in the immediate aftermath of trauma is to offer practical support and encourage people to turn to their own social networks, such as family, friends, colleagues or family doctor.[73][74] However, after a few months, when most distress has reduced, then for the minority who are still psychologically distressed or disabled it is appropriate to offer evidence-based psychological interventions.[69]

After the GermanWings tragedy he suggested that we should not jump to conclusions such as banning all pilots from flying who had a history of depression (as opposed to current depression). He argued that the skies would be safer if pilots felt that the best way to be able to continue their careers was by being open and honest about their mental health, and not covering up, which would be the consequence of a lifetime ban. He advised the Civil Aviation Authority with the result that no such ban was instituted, but mental health assessments were improved.[75][76] He worked with the CAA and BALPA to achieve his proposals.

In Sept 2011 he was asked by the Norwegian Government to join an international review of how they had responded to the atrocities committed by Anders Breivik Shortly after the murders committed by Brevik.[77]

During the 2016 EU referendum he was one of the leaders of the Healthier IN campaign, making the case for science and health.[78][79]

He was a member of the Mental Health Taskforce,[80] chaired by Paul Farmer, which led to the Five Year Forward View for Psychiatry.

He was instrumental in setting up the Commission on Acute Psychiatric Care, chaired by Lord Crisp, to investigate the increasing numbers of inappropriate out of area placements – over 5,000 patients a year being seen and hospitalised outside their local area, sometimes at the other end of the country. The report made recommendations which were incorporated into the Five year Forward View for Mental Health, accepted by NHS-England.[81]

He was appointed in 2017 to the Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) [82] the body that selects candidates for judicial office in England and Wales , and is dedicated to the principal that an independent judiciary is an essential feature of a democratic society.    He was reappointed in 2020 .[83]

In January 2023 he was appointed as a Non Executive Director on the Board of NHS-England  NHS England [84]

Director, Health Protection Research Unit

In 2015 he led the bid between King’s College London, Newcastle University and University of East Anglia for a new Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response in 201R, becoming its first director and leading it to renewal in 2020, before handing over the Directorship to Professor James Rubin in 2022 .[85] The unit is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and Public Health England, now the UK Health Security Agency. The unit continued a major theme of Wessely’s research into how populations and people react to disaster and adversity, adding the Salisbury Novocok incident Public responses to the Salisbury Novichok incident: a cross-sectional survey of anxiety, anger, uncertainty, perceived risk and avoidance behaviour in the local community [86] risk communication, organisational responses to stress, and latterly a large portfolio of research into Covid-19, including psychological impacts of quarantine Coronavirus: The psychological effects of quarantining a city  - The BMJ, a Feb 2020 systematic review of the likely impact and how to reduce it, which has been cited over 10,000 times since publication [87] The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence - The Lancet, work on Pmoral injury and the health of the NHS workforce during the pandemic[86] Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic[88] The BMJ, conspiracy theories and Covid, and other aspects of health protection.

Profiles

He has been profiled in the BMJ profile,[89] where they described him as having a “joking seriousness”, as well as the Times, Lancet,[90] New Statesman, Daily Telegraph and others. He has been a guest on Private Passions,[91]  The Life Scientific,[92] and  on the BBC celebrity radio show Desert Island Discs in March 2021.[93]

Personal life

Wessely's father Rudi came to the UK in August 1939, one of the children rescued by Nicky (Sir Nicholas) Winton. Nearly all of Rudi's family, including his parents, were murdered during the Holocaust. His father was the first of the "children" to meet Winton nearly 40 years later[94] and both Wessely and his father were present in the audience of the 1988 That's Life episode when Winton met many of the 'children; he had saved and their families, as scene reproduced in the 2023 feature film One Life. He has spoken passionately about issues affecting refugees supporting Alf Dubs legislation.[95] He spoke at several of the commemorations for the 80th anniversary of the start of the Kindertransports.[96][97]

Wessely is married to Clare Gerada; they have two sons. His interests include skiing and history, and he cycled annually from London to Paris between 2006 and 2012, to raise money for veterans' charities.[98]

Publications

Wessely has co-authored books on CFS, psychological reactions to terrorism, randomised controlled trials, and a history of military psychiatry, From Shell Shock to PTSD.[99]

Honours

For his work on CFS, Wessely was awarded the Jean Hunter Prize in 1997[citation needed] by the Royal College of Physicians[100][101] and was co-winner of the John Maddox Prize 2012[102] sponsored by Nature and the Ralph Kohn Foundation, and organised by Sense about Science on whose advisory council he serves.[103] The award is given to individuals who have promoted sound science and evidence on a matter of public interest, with an emphasis on those who have faced extreme difficulty or opposition in doing so, as Wessely has done in researching neuropsychiatric elements to CFS despite alleged threats to his life. Some, however, have objected to this award being given to him due to concerns over the quality of his research.[104]

To balance these criticisms academic supporters would point out that he was appointed[105] as a Foundation Senior Investigator of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), which is given on very strict criteria[106] including analysis of metrics/citations. The college of NIHR Senior Investigators is drawn from the most pre-eminent NIHR-funded researchers selected through annual competitions. He was also elected Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences,[107][108] the medical equivalent of the Royal Society, in 1999. Only 40 are honoured per year, and it is the highest honour and professional recognition in UK academic medical science.

His 2013 Knighthood was for services to Military healthcare and psychological medicine.[2]

In 2014, Wessely was elected president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He announced his priorities to include parity between physical and mental health, improving the image of psychiatry and psychiatrists, improving recruitment into the specialism, and ensuring excellence in education and training.[3]

He was named in the Health Service Journal Top 100 Clinicians 2014,[109] 2015.[110] Listed in Debrett's Top 500 as one of the 7 most influential doctors in the country.[111]

In 2013 he led the successful bid to the National Institute for Health Research to establish a Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) for Emergency Preparedness and Response which he now chairs.[112]

In July 2017 he became the first psychiatrist to be elected as President of the Royal Society of Medicine.

In February 2017 he was appointed as Regius Professor of Psychiatry at King's College London, the first Regius Chair at KCL and the first in psychiatry anywhere in the United Kingdom.[113][114]

On 26 June 2019 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of Oxford.[115]

On 6 May 2021, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.[116][117]

In 2013 he became one of the first males in 100 years to be awarded Honorary Fellowship of the Medical Women’s Federation (MWF) for work on issues “of practical relevance to the lives and careers of women in medicine”.[118]

On 6 May 2021, he became only the 4th psychiatrist since Freud to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. the highest honour in UK science.[119]

In 2024 he became a Freeman of the City of London,[120]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Official homepage". Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. 4 July 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
  2. ^ a b "No. 60367". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 2012. p. 1.
  3. ^ a b "RCPsych Presidential Election results announced". Royal College of Psychiatrists. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  4. ^ "Professor Sir Simon Wessely becomes President of the Royal Society of Medicine". www.rsm.ac.uk. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  5. ^ "World's first Regius Professor in Psychiatry - Professor Sir Simon Wessely | Website archive | King's College London". www.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  6. ^ Black, A.; Black, C. (December 2007). "Wessely, Prof. Simon Charles". Who's Who 2008, online edition. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
  7. ^ "Professor Simon Wessely FMedSci". Fellows Directory. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
  8. ^ "Simon Wessely". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  9. ^ "Highly Cited Researchers". Clarivate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Newsweek. 11 November 1990.
  11. ^ Winkler AS, Blair D, Marsden JT, Peters TJ, Wessely S, Cleare AJ (February 2004). "Autonomic function and serum erythropoietin levels in chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 56 (2): 179–183. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00543-9. PMID 15016575.
  12. ^ Wessely S (1995). "The epidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome". Epidemiologic Reviews. 17 (1): 139–151. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036170. PMID 8521932.
  13. ^ Wessely S (April 1992). "The measurement of fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 85 (4): 189–190. doi:10.1177/014107689208500403. PMC 1294719. PMID 1433056.
  14. ^ Saisch SG, Deale A, Gardner WN, Wessely S (January 1994). "Hyperventilation and chronic fatigue syndrome". Q. J. Med. 87 (1): 63–7. PMID 8140219.
  15. ^ Harvey, S. B.; Wadsworth, M.; Wessely, S.; Hotopf, M. (July 2008). "The relationship between prior psychiatric disorder and chronic fatigue: evidence from a national birth cohort study". Psychol Med. 38 (7): 933–40. doi:10.1017/S0033291707001900. PMC 3196526. PMID 17976252.
  16. ^ Deale, A.; Chalder, T.; Marks, I.; Wessely, S. (March 1997). "Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial". Am J Psychiatry. 154 (3): 408–14. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.3.408. PMID 9054791.
  17. ^ a b Sharpe, M.; Chalder, T.; Palmer, I.; Wessely, S. (May 1997). "Chronic fatigue syndrome. A practical guide to assessment and management". Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 19 (3): 185–99. doi:10.1016/S0163-8343(97)80315-5. PMID 9218987.
  18. ^ Price, J. R.; Mitchell, E.; Tidy, E.; Hunot, V (2008). Price, Jonathan R. (ed.). "Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in adults". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 (3): CD001027. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001027.pub2. PMC 7028002. PMID 18646067.
  19. ^ MacLean, G.; Wessely, S. (March 1994). "Professional and popular views of chronic fatigue syndrome". BMJ. 308 (6931): 776–7. doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6931.776. PMC 2539637. PMID 8142836.
  20. ^ Joyce, E.; Blumenthal, S.; Wessely, S. (May 1996). "Memory, attention, and executive function in chronic fatigue syndrome". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 60 (5): 495–503. doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.5.495. PMC 486360. PMID 8778252.
  21. ^ Skowera, A.; Cleare, A.; Blair, D.; Bevis, L.; Wessely, S. C.; Peakman, M. (February 2004). "High levels of type 2 cytokine-producing cells in chronic fatigue syndrome". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 135 (2): 294–302. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02354.x. PMC 1808936. PMID 14738459.
  22. ^ Wessely, S. (October 1991). "History of postviral fatigue syndrome". Br. Med. Bull. 47 (4): 919–41. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072521. PMID 1794091.
  23. ^ Hotopf, Matthew; Wessely, Simon; Sharpe, Michael (1998). Chronic fatigue and its syndromes. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-263046-9.
  24. ^ "GMC biographical sketch: Professor Simon Wessely". General Medical Council. Retrieved 18 December 2008. [dead link‍]
  25. ^ a b Wilson, Clare (13 March 2009). "Mind over body?". New Scientist. 361 (2699): 599. Bibcode:1993Natur.361..599S. doi:10.1038/361599a0. S2CID 4273918.
  26. ^ Chalder, T.; Deale, A.; Sharpe, M.; Wessely, S. (2002). Manual of cognitive behavioural treatment for CFS, Appendix 2.
  27. ^ "Chronic fatigue syndrome". BMJ Talk Medicine (Podcast). 2 August 2013. Event occurs at 11:15. We're not going to go doing more and more tests to find out what was the virus because, frankly, even if we found it there's nothing we're going to do about it. We're in the business of rehabilitation.
  28. ^ Erlwein, Otto; Kaye, Steve; McClure, Myra O.; Weber, Jonathan; Wills, Gillian; Collier, David; Wessely, Simon; Cleare, Anthony (6 January 2010). "Failure to Detect the Novel Retrovirus XMRV in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". PLOS ONE. 5 (1): e8519. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8519E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008519. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2795199. PMID 20066031.
  29. ^ "Lunch with The Lancet – Simon Wessely" (PDF). March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  30. ^ Watts, Geoff (May 2007). "Simon Wessely". Lancet. 369 (9575): 1783. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60802-2. PMID 17531873. S2CID 11584592.
  31. ^ Marsh, Stefanie (6 August 2011). "Doctor's hate mail is sent by the people he tried to cure". The Times. London.
  32. ^ Wessely, Simon. "News". Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  33. ^ a b Burne, Jerome (30 March 2002). "Special report: battle fatigue". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 May 2008.
  34. ^ Wessely, S. (2009). "Surgery for the treatment of psychiatric illness: the need to test untested theories". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 102 (10): 445–51. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2009.09k038. PMC 2755332. PMID 19797603. Archived from the original on 23 September 2009. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
  35. ^ Wood, B.; Wessely, S. (October 1999). "Personality and social attitudes in chronic fatigue syndrome". J Psychosom Res. 47 (4): 385–97. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(99)00025-2. PMID 10616232.
  36. ^ "Evidence submitted by Professor Malcolm Hooper (NICE 07)". Select Committee on Health. Parliament of the United Kingdom. March 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  37. ^ "House of Lords Debate 16 April 2002". publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  38. ^ "CFS Myths". Simon Wessely. 5 May 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  39. ^ McKie, Robin (21 August 2011). "Chronic fatigue syndrome researchers face death threats from militants: Scientists are subjected to a campaign of abuse and violence". The Observer. London.
  40. ^ Hawkes, N. (2011). "Dangers of research into chronic fatigue syndrome". BMJ. 342: d3780. doi:10.1136/bmj.d3780. PMID 21697226. S2CID 27301336.
  41. ^ Unwin, Catherine (1999). "Health of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War". Lancet. 353 (9148): 169–178. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11338-7. PMID 9923871.
  42. ^ Wessely, Simon (2000). "Role of vaccinations as risk factors for ill health in veterans of the Gulf war: cross sectional study" (PDF). BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 320 (7246): 1363–1367. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7246.1363. PMC 27378. PMID 10818024.
  43. ^ Khalida, Imael (14 September 2002). "The mental health of UK Gulf war veterans: phase 2 of a two phase cohort study" (PDF). bmj.com.
  44. ^ Sharief, M. K.; Priddin, J.; Delamont, R. S.; Unwin, C.; Rose, M. R.; David, A.; Wessely, S. (26 November 2002). "Neurophysiologic analysis of neuromuscular symptoms in UK Gulf War veterans: a controlled study". Neurology. 59 (10): 1518–1525. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000032755.27372.fc. ISSN 0028-3878. PMID 12451190.
  45. ^ Iverson, Amy. "'Goodbye and good luck': the mental health needs and treatment experiences of British ex-service personnel" (PDF). simonwessely.com.
  46. ^ Ismail, Khalida; Everitt, Brian; Blatchley, Nick; Hull, Lisa; Unwin, Catherine; David, Anthony; Wessely, Simon (January 1999). "Is there a Gulf War syndrome?". The Lancet. 353 (9148): 179–182. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11339-9. PMID 9923872.
  47. ^ Horn, Oded; Hull, Lisa; Jones, Margaret; Murphy, Dominic; Browne, Tess; Fear, Nicola T; Hotopf, Matthew; Rona, Roberto J; Wessely, Simon (May 2006). "Is there an Iraq war syndrome? Comparison of the health of UK service personnel after the Gulf and Iraq wars". The Lancet. 367 (9524): 1742–1746. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68661-3. PMID 16731269.
  48. ^ Murphy, Dominic; Hull, Lisa; Horn, Oded; Jones, Margaret; Marteau, Theresa; Hotopf, Matthew; Rona, Roberto J.; Wessely, Simon (November 2007). "Anthrax vaccination in a military population before the war in Iraq: Side effects and informed choice". Vaccine. 25 (44): 7641–7648. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.065. PMID 17913313.
  49. ^ Şenel, Engin (November 2020). "Evolution of military medicine literature: a scientometric study of global publications on military medicine between 1978 and 2017". BMJ Military Health. 166 (E): e25–e33. doi:10.1136/jramc-2019-001188. ISSN 2633-3775. PMID 31005890.
  50. ^ Zhang, Xuan-Ming; Zhang, Xuan; Luo, Xu; Guo, Hai-Tao; Zhang, Li-Qun; Guo, Ji-Wei (2017). "Knowledge mapping visualization analysis of the military health and medicine papers published in the web of science over the past 10 years". Military Medical Research. 4: 23. doi:10.1186/s40779-017-0131-8. ISSN 2054-9369. PMC 5508635. PMID 28717517.
  51. ^ Campbell, Denis (16 November 2016). "Psychiatrists attack 'scandal' of child mental health spending". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
  52. ^ Laurance, Jeremy (December 2014). "Mental Health Today". Mental Health Today.
  53. ^ Laurance, Jeremy (2015). "If we treated people with diabetes the way we treat those with depression". The Independent.
  54. ^ Cooper, Charlie (March 2016). "Britain's top psychiatrist Simon Wessely challenges government to ring-fence mental health spending". The Independent.
  55. ^ Cooper, Charlie (April 2016). "Mental healthcare in danger if Theresa May takes UK out of European Convention on Human Rights". The Independent UK.
  56. ^ Hutchinson, Sophie (7 February 2017). "Unexpected mental health deaths up 50% in three years". BBC News. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  57. ^ Hearon, Liza (4 August 2016). "People are talking about mental illness and terrorism after London knife attack". Mashable. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  58. ^ Wessely, Simon; Smith, Greg (29 July 2015). "Linking benefits to treatment is unethical, and probably illegal". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  59. ^ "No one should be diagnosed at a distance – even Donald Trump". The Guardian. 30 November 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  60. ^ Wessely, Simon. "The real crisis in psychiatry is that there isn't enough of it". The Conversation. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  61. ^ "The 'drugs v talking' debate doesn't help us understand mental health". The Guardian. 29 March 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  62. ^ "Simon Heffer, Thomasina Miers, Prof Sir Simon Wessely, Osama Saeed, Any Questions? – BBC Radio 4". BBC. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  63. ^ "Not found". www.rcpsych.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  64. ^ "Our junior doctors are sick of their uncertain future". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  65. ^ "Junior doctors are shuffled around like lost luggage". Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  66. ^ "College responds to Junior Doctors' Contract Agreement". www.rcpsych.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  67. ^ "Royal College of Psychiatrists elects new president". Royal College of Psychiatrists. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  68. ^ Wessely, Simon (6 October 2017). "The Prime Minister Has Asked Me To Lead A Review Of The Mental Health Inequality In Britain – Here's Why". HuffPost UK. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
  69. ^ a b Rose, S.; Bisson, J.; Churchill, R.; Wessely, S. (2002). Rose, Suzanna C. (ed.). "Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD000560. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000560. PMC 7032695. PMID 12076399.
  70. ^ Rubin, G. J.; Brewin, C. R.; Greenberg, N.; Simpson, J.; Wessely, J.; Wessely, S. (2005). "Psychological and behavioural reactions to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005: cross sectional survey of a representative sample of Londoners". BMJ. 331 (7517): 606. doi:10.1136/bmj.38583.728484.3A. PMC 1215552. PMID 16126821.
  71. ^ Rubin, G. J.; Page, L.; Morgan, O.; Pinder, R. J.; Riley, P.; Hatch, S.; Maguire, H.; Catchpole, M.; Simpson, J.; Wessely, S. (2007). "Public information needs after the poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko with polonium-210 in London: cross sectional telephone survey and qualitative analysis". BMJ. 335 (7630): 1143. doi:10.1136/bmj.39367.455243.BE. PMC 2099556. PMID 17975252.
  72. ^ Rubin, G. J.; Amlot, R.; Page, L.; Wessely, S. (2009). "Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey". BMJ. 339: b2651. doi:10.1136/bmj.b2651. PMC 2714687. PMID 19574308.
  73. ^ Wessely, S. (2005). "The London attacks—aftermath: Victimhood and resilience". N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (6): 548–50. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058180. PMID 16093462.
  74. ^ Wessely, Simon (July 2005). "The bombs made enough victims – let's not make more: A leading psychiatrist argues that the last thing Londoners need now is trauma counselling". Spiked. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  75. ^ Boffey, Daniel; Willsher, Kim (28 March 2015). "Don't stigmatise depression after Germanwings crash, says top doctor". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  76. ^ "Germanwings: should pilots with depression be allowed to fly?". The Week UK. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  77. ^ Wessely, Simon (2012). "Anders Breivik, the public, and psychiatry" (PDF). Lancet. 379 (9826): 1563–1564. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60655-2. PMID 22541565.
  78. ^ "Supporters". healthierin.eu. Healthier In The EU. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  79. ^ Wessely, Simon (8 April 2016). "Professor Simon Wessely: Why health of NHS will be at risk if Britain leaves EU". The Yorkshire Post. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  80. ^ "At last, the Taskforce speaks". www.rcpsych.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  81. ^ "Commission". www.rcpsych.ac.uk. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  82. ^ "- Judicial Appointments Commission". judicialappointments.gov.uk. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  83. ^ "Sir Simon Wessely - Judicial Appointments Commission". judicialappointments.gov.uk. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  84. ^ "NHS England » NHS England appoints leading clinicians to board". www.england.nhs.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  85. ^ "Investigators | Emergency Preparedness and Response | Health Protection Research Unit". epr.hpru.nihr.ac.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  86. ^ a b [email protected]. "Public responses to the Salisbury Novichok incident: a cross-sectional survey of anxiety, anger, uncertainty, perceived risk and avoidance behaviour in the local community | Emergency Preparedness and Response | Health Protection Research Unit". epr.hpru.nihr.ac.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  87. ^ BMJ (24 January 2020). "Coronavirus: The psychological effects of quarantining a city". The BMJ. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  88. ^ Greenberg, Neil; Docherty, Mary; Gnanapragasam, Sam; Wessely, Simon (26 March 2020). "Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic". BMJ. 368: m1211. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1211. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 32217624.
  89. ^ "Simon Wessely: A man with "a joking seriousness"". BMJ. 347: f6803. 27 November 2013. doi:10.1136/bmj.f6803. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 24284337.
  90. ^ Watts, Geoff (May 2007). "Simon Wessely". The Lancet. 369 (9575): 1783. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60802-2.
  91. ^ "BBC Radio 3 - Private Passions, Sir Simon Wessely". BBC. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  92. ^ "BBC Radio 4 - The Life Scientific, Simon Wessely on unexplained medical syndromes". BBC. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  93. ^ "BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs, Professor Sir Simon Wessely". BBC. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  94. ^ "Simon Wessely on unexplained medical syndromes, The Life Scientific – BBC Radio 4". BBC. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  95. ^ "Simon Wessely on why we shouldn't close the child refugee scheme – The BMJ". blogs.bmj.com. 10 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  96. ^ "Kindertransport Survivors Call For A New Kindertransport For Today's Child Refugees". Safe Passage. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  97. ^ "Remembering & Rethinking: The international forum on the Kindertransport at 80 ← Events ← Austrian Cultural Forum London". www.acflondon.org. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  98. ^ "Pedal to Paris September 2007". King's Centre for Military Health Research. 28 September 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
  99. ^ Wessely, Simon; Jones, Edgar (2005). Shell Shock to PTSD: Military Psychiatry from 1900 to the Gulf War. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-1-84169-580-8.
  100. ^ "RAE 2001 – Submissions". Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  101. ^ "Parliament proceedings". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 22 January 2004. Retrieved 18 December 2008.
  102. ^ "The John Maddox Prize".
  103. ^ "Advisory council".
  104. ^ Manning, Sanchez (25 November 2012). "ME: Bitterest row yet in a long saga". London: Independent.co.uk.
  105. ^ "Senior Investigators Directory". Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  106. ^ "Types of Membership". Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  107. ^ "Professor Sir Simon Wessely FMedSci". Academy of Medical Sciences. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  108. ^ "Election to the Fellowship". Academy of Medical Sciences. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  109. ^ "Revealed: HSJ's Clinical Leaders 2014". Health Service Journal. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  110. ^ "HSJ Clinical Leaders 2015". Health Service Journal. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  111. ^ "Debrett's 500 List: Science & Medicine". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  112. ^ [email protected]. "Emergency Preparedness and Response | Health Protection Research Unit". epr.hpru.nihr.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  113. ^ "King's College London – Queen awards Regius Professorship". www.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  114. ^ "King's College London – Professor Sir Simon Wessely announced as Regius Professor of Psychiatry". www.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  115. ^ "Honorary degree recipients for 2019 announced". The University of Oxford. 25 March 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  116. ^ "Royal Society elects outstanding new Fellows and Foreign Members". royalsociety.org. Royal Society. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  117. ^ "Professor Sir Simon Wessely elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society". www.kcl.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  118. ^ "Home - Medical Womens Federation". www.medicalwomensfederation.org.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  119. ^ "Fellow of the Royal Society", Wikipedia, 3 August 2024, retrieved 13 August 2024
  120. ^ "40 "remarkable individuals" awarded Freedom of the City of London in group ceremony". 40 “remarkable individuals” awarded Freedom of the City of London in group ceremony. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  • Sir Simon Wessely's blog[1]
  • KCL staff page
  • KCL.ac.uk – The King's Centre For Military Health Research (KCMHR) is a joint initiative of the Institute of Psychiatry and the Department of War Studies at King's College London (Wessely's webpage at King's College)
  • KCL.ac.uk – "Health & Wellbeing of UK Armed Forces Personnel: Professor Simon Wessely – Principal Investigator", KCMHR
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
2014 to 2017 		Succeeded by
  1. ^ "Royal College of Psychiatrists". rcpsych.ac.uk. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simon_Wessely&oldid=1249414445"