Singapore Island

This article is about the geographical main island of Singapore. For other islands under the jurisdiction of Singapore, see list of islands of Singapore. For the country in general, see Singapore.
Singapore Island
Native name:
Pulau Ujong (Malay), Pedra Draku (Kristang)[1]
Planning areas of Singapore Island, including outlying islands
Map
Geography
LocationSoutheast Asia
ArchipelagoMalay Archipelago
Adjacent toSingapore Strait
South China Sea
Straits of Malacca
Straits of Johor
Area730 km2 (280 sq mi)
Highest pointBukit Timah Hill — 163.63 metres (536.8 ft)
Administration
Demographics
Population5,917,600[2] (2023)
Pop. density7,804/km2 (20212/sq mi)
Ethnic groupsChinese
Malay
Indian
Eurasian

Singapore Island, also known as mainland Singapore, is the main constituent island of the sovereign island country and city-state of the Republic of Singapore. It is located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, between the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea. The Singapore Strait lies to the south, while the Johor Strait lies to the north.

The island forms the bulk of the country in terms of area, population, and prominence since areas situated on the country's smaller islands consist of military or industrial areas, except for Sentosa and Ubin Islands.[3] As of 2023, Singapore's population stood close to six million, and the mainland has a land area of approximately 730 square kilometres (280 sq mi).[2]

Etymology

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Temasek was the early recorded name of a settlement on the site of today's Singapore, although the island itself wasn't specifically defined. Meanwhile, Pulau Ujong was one of the earliest references to Singapore Island. The 3rd-century Chinese reference to Pú Luó Zhōng (Chinese: 蒲羅中) corresponds to the local reference Pulau Ujong (Malay for "Island at the End").[4]

Travellers and merchants from around Asia arriving at the Singapore Strait to the South China Sea would have to pass by the island, hence the name Pulau Ujong. Similarly, Orang Laut tribes called Singapore the "End Island". Ujong Tanah ("Land at the Furthest") or its variants were also used in European sources as a name for Singapore.[5]

The Kristang name for the island, Pedra Draku ("Rock of Dragons" or "Dragonsrock"), comes from the Dragon's Tail Peninsula found in older maps of the world, identified as the former sub-continent of Sundaland that the island of Singapore now sits on top of.[1] The name Pedra Draku thus also has supposed parallels with the Dragon's Teeth Gate or Long Ya Men (Chinese: 龍牙門) that once stood at the front of Keppel Harbour, and also with the Malay name Pulau Ujong, identifying Singapore as the island at the end of the Dragon's Tail Peninsula.[1]

Legend

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According to the mythical third-century book Record of Foreign Countries during the Eastern Wu Period (呉時外國傳), the island was inhabited by cannibals with five- to six-inch tails, which may have had racial connotations and provokes skepticism.[6]

Geography

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Main article: Geography of Singapore

On a straight line, the island measures approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) from east to west and 28 kilometres (17 mi) from north to south, with 201 kilometres (125 mi) of coastline.[7] The highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill, which is made up of igneous rock and granite and is 163.63 metres (536.8 ft) high. Hills and valleys of sedimentary rock dominate the northwest, while the eastern region consists of sandy and flatter land.

Since 1822, there have been land reclamation works, first by the British, who then controlled the island as a colony. Since independence, the contemporary government of Singapore has continued to increase the size of the island, having increased the area of the main island from 580 km2 (224 sq mi) in the 1960s to 710 km2 (274 sq mi) today.[8] A further 200 km2 (77 sq mi) of land is also expected to be added to the main island.[9]

Extreme points

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Main article: List of extreme points of Singapore

The northernmost end of the island is Sembawang. The westernmost and southernmost points are at Tuas. The easternmost point of the island is Changi Bay.

References

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Citations
  1. ^ a b c "Pedra Draku: Excavating a new old Kristang name for the island of Singapore". Merlionsman Coaching & Consulting. November 17, 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Statistics Singapore – Population". Department of Statistics Singapore. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  3. ^ "Pulau Ubin Stories". National University of Singapore. May 24, 2004.
  4. ^ Xu Yunqiao History of South East Asia 1961 Singapore World Publishing Co. 许云樵 《南洋史》 星洲世界书局 1961年
  5. ^ Peter Borschberg, ed. (December 2004). Iberians in the Singapore-Melaka Area and Adjacent Regions (16th to 18th Century). Harrassowitz. p. 98. ISBN 978-3447051071.
  6. ^ Record of Foreign Countries during the Eastern Wu Period, section on Pu Luo Jong 许云樵 《康泰吴时外国传辑注》 四十四-四十五页 1971 新加坡南洋研究所出版
  7. ^ "Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2012" (PDF). Department of Statistics Singapore. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  8. ^ Gillis, K., & Tan, K. (2006). The book of Singapore’s firsts (p. 96). Singapore: Singapore Heritage Society. Call no.: RSING 959.57 GIL-[HIS].
  9. ^ "Long-Term Plan Review". www.ura.gov.sg. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
Bibliography
  • Victor R Savage; Brenda Yeoh (2004). Toponymics A Study of Singapore's Street Names. Eastern University Press. ISBN 981-210-364-3.

Further reading

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  • Kwa Chong Guan; Peter Borschberg (2018). Studying Singapore before 1800. NUS Press. ISBN 978-981-4722-74-2.

1°22′N 103°48′E / 1.367°N 103.800°E / 1.367; 103.800

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