Siyer-i Nebi

Siyer-i Nebi
The birth of Muhammad in the Siyer-i-Nebi
Information
Religion	Islam
Author	Mustafa of Erzurum
Language	Ottoman Turkish
Period	Era of Transformation

Siyer-i Nebi (Ottoman Turkish: سیر نبی) is an Ottoman epic on the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, completed around 1388, written by Mustafa (son of Yusuf of Erzurum, known as al-Darir), a Mevlevi dervish on the commission of Sultan Barquq, the Mamluk ruler in Cairo. The text is based on the 13th-century writings of Abu’l Hasan al-Bakri and Ibn Hisham (d. 833). This epic would later be illustrated by Mustafa ibn Vali in the late 16th century, as commissioned by his patron, Sultan Murad III.^[1]

The Ottoman ruler Murad III (1574–1595) commissioned a lavish illustrated copy of the epic, which has been described as "the largest single cycle of religious painting in Islamic art" and "the most complete visual portrayal of the life of the prophet Muhammad".^[2] The famous calligrapher Lutfi Abdullah (Lütfi Abdullah) was in charge of the workshop at the royal palace, and completed the work under Murad's successor Mehmed III, on 16 January 1595. The completed work contained 814 miniatures in six volumes, which include many depictions of Muhammad, who is always shown with a veiled face, as was the convention during the time period; he is also surrounded by flames, which is the eastern equivalent of a halo. The style of the miniatures is distinctive, and owes nothing to earlier treatments of these subjects, as well as being "strikingly different" to the normal realist style of Ottoman miniatures; its origins remain unclear. There are a few figures in each scene, no extensive landscapes, and a "suppression of detail".^[3]

Volumes I, II and VI are in the Topkapı Museum (Hazine 1221–1223); Volume III is in the New York Public Library; Volume IV is (mostly) in the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin (MS T 419),^[4] and Volume V is missing, as are about 200 of the miniatures in total. About two dozen of the miniatures are in the hands of private collectors. Four were sold at the Hôtel Drouot auction house in Paris in March 1984.^{[citation needed]} Two folios from Volume IV are in the Khalili Collection of Islamic Art.^[5]

A 17th century copy of Volume IV, made in the court atelier, is in the Museum of Turkish and Islamic Arts, Sultanahmet, Istanbul. It was donated to a mosque library in Aksaray, Istanbul, by the Sultan's mother in 1862–1863.^[6]

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  Muhammad at the Kaaba
• 
  Muhammad removes a dragon from the Kaaba
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  Muhammad at Mount Hira
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  Muhammad at the Battle of Badr
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  Ali beheading Nadr ibn al-Harith in the presence of Muhammad and his companions
• 
  Muhammad advancing on Mecca, with the angels Gabriel, Michael, Israfil and Azrail
• 
  Death of Muhammad
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  A caravan, headed by ‘Abdallah ibn Jahsh, returns to Medina from a raid by companions of Muhammad.
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  ‘Ubayd ibn Harith and Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib lead troops against Abu Jahl

• Qisas al-Anbiya

• Antika, The Turkish Journal of Collectible Art, June 1986
• Blair, Sheila, and Bloom, Jonathan M., The Art and Architecture of Islam, 1250–1800, 1995, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, ISBN 0-300-06465-9
• Fisher, Carol Garrett, "A Reconstruction of the Pictorial Cycle of the "Siyar-i Nabī" of Murād III", Ars Orientalis, Vol. 14, (1984), pp. 75–94, Freer Gallery of Art and University of Michigan, JSTOR

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