St. Enoch Centre

St. Enoch Centre
Map
LocationGlasgow, Scotland
Opening dateMay 1989; 35 years ago (1989-05)
ArchitectGMW Architects
No. of stores and services86
Total retail floor area70,000 m2 (750,000 sq ft)
No. of floors3
Public transit accessSt Enoch subway station
Argyle Street railway station

The St. Enoch Centre is a shopping mall located in the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland. The centre is located adjacent to St Enoch Square. The Architects were the GMW Architects. The construction, undertaken by Sir Robert McAlpine,[1] began in 1986, and the building was opened to the public on 25 May 1989.[2][3] It was officially opened by the then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, in February of the following year.[4]

Located on the site of the former St Enoch Station, the building is just off Glasgow's famous shopping thoroughfare, Argyle Street and overlooks the historic St. Enoch Square and the original subway station building. The present St Enoch subway station is accessible by escalators.

Whilst the target of many architectural critics, the building is notable for its massive glass roof, which makes it the largest glass-covered enclosed area in Europe. Not only does this substantially reduce heating and lighting loads – the mall area is lit entirely by natural daylight in summer, whilst the solar heat generated by the roof means that mechanical heating is only required for a week on average per year – it also earned the building its affectionate nickname "The Glasgow Greenhouse".[5][6] The roof's steel framework was fabricated by the shipbuilders Scott Lithgow.[3]

The glass roofed element surrounds a seven-storey car park, and when originally opened, an ice rink.[3] This was closed in 1999 when a refurbishment programme (initiated to compete with the newer Buchanan Galleries complex), saw it being replaced by more shops and an enlarged restaurant area.

Shopping

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Since its opening, St Enoch's anchor tenants were British Home Stores on the eastern end of the complex, and Boots on the western end adjacent to St Enoch square.[3] Although not part of the mall, there is a link bridge over Osbourne Street to the Debenhams department store on the north side of the building – this was originally the historic Lewis's store on Argyle Street which itself had undergone a major renovation prior to St Enoch's opening.

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  • Images of St Enoch Centre, taken on 31 May 2006
  • St Enoch Centre from St Enoch Square. This end has since changed significantly following refurbishment a few years later.
    St Enoch Centre from St Enoch Square. This end has since changed significantly following refurbishment a few years later.
  • View from upper level
    View from upper level
  • View from upper level
    View from upper level
  • View from upper level
    View from upper level
  • View from upper level
    View from upper level

Refurbishment

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2000–2001

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The mall has undergone two major refurbishments. Between 2000 and 2001 the ice rink was closed, and converted into an extended food court, and the second floor above the food court area was converted into an entertainment stage. The Argyle Street exit was demolished and rebuilt with an extended mezzanine level housing a TK Maxx store (now closed), and additional shop units with new escalators to serve them. There were other minor updates - the balustrades and handrails were replaced, and the spiral staircase in the centre of the main mall was removed, whilst the hanging wall gardens on the car park exterior walls were replaced by projection screens.

2008–2016

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In 2008, a £100 million refurbishment began that was expected to be complete by the end of 2009, but was eventually completed in mid-2010.[3] This refurbishment expanded the floor area to 120,000 m2 (1,300,000 sq ft) and it added a new entrance at the corner of Argyle Street and Buchanan Street,[7][8] whilst the Argyle Street entrance built in 2000 was demolished for a second time to make way for a new facade, resulting in the closure of the TK Maxx store. In line with the extensions, the original 1980s floor tiling was replaced and the escalators at both ends of the main mall were moved to different locations and renewed.

Hamleys,[9] G-Star RAW, H&M, Schuh Kids and Starbucks are some of the few new retail units as part of the refurbishment. Initially, the shopping centre is aiming to tender to a more upmarket niche to compete well with the high street and rival mall Buchanan Galleries. The Tesco Metro store formerly on Argyle Street relocated to the lower ground level of the extension, whilst the TK Maxx store that was displaced from the mall relocated to the vacant Tesco site.

St Enoch's Square is also being redeveloped in order to encourage a better public communication. The units overlooking the square will be occupied by food outlets to encourage a new civic space for Glasgow on the square and encourage the public to be able to use the space easily.

In 2010, the Debenhams department store announced that they would be undergoing a renovation as part of the centre's development, including a premier restaurant.[10] This store has since closed.

2016 onwards

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In 2016, it was confirmed that the former BHS store site would be redeveloped to introduce a multiscreen cinema, alongside new restaurants and retail stores.[11][3] Work on the redevelopment began in April 2019, and was completed in 2022.[12]

Demolition

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On 30 May 2023, Glasgow City Council passed planning permission to demolish the St Enoch Centre. It is to be replaced with a development including shops, offices, restaurants and homes. The proposed development sees the introduction of new streets into the precinct, with a newly formed St Enoch Street to the south and an extended Maxwell Street to the east. Demolition of the existing centre will take place in phases over an expected timeframe of 15 to 20 years, aimed at allowing retailers, restaurants and leisure operators to stay open throughout.[13][14]

References

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  1. ^ "Projects". Sir Robert McAlpine. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  2. ^ "About - St Enoch - Shopping Centre - Glasgow City Centre". St Enoch. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Memories of the St Enoch Centre as the 'The Glasgow Greenhouse' turns 30". Glasgow Live. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  4. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The Thatcher Interview - BBC1 Scotland - 9 March 1990 "We in Scotland"". YouTube.
  5. ^ Chris Hogg; Lynn Patrick (15 September 2014). The Glasgow, Cowal & Bute Route Through Time. Amberley Publishing Limited. pp. 29–. ISBN 978-1-4456-2114-2.
  6. ^ Chris Hogg; Lynn Patrick (15 October 2015). Scottish Railway Icons: Central Belt to the Borders. Amberley Publishing Limited. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-4456-2115-9.
  7. ^ "£100 Million Boost For Glasgow Retail As St. Enoch Centre Transformation Begins". stenoch.com. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  8. ^ "St Enoch makes a grand entrance". eveningtimes.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  9. ^ "Hamleys Contact Us".
  10. ^ Debenhams Glasgow is joining in on the action and undergoing an extensive make-over [1]
  11. ^ "Glasgow leisure consent granted", Shopping Centre, 2016-12-21
  12. ^ "Work begins on £40m leisure development and cinema at St Enoch Centre". glasgowlive. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  13. ^ "St Enoch's Centre Demolition". The Blantyre Telegraph. 30 May 2023.
  14. ^ "Plans approved for demolition of Glasgow's St Enoch Centre". BBC News. 31 May 2023.
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