Stephanie Dinkins

Stephanie Dinkins (born 1964) is a transdisciplinary American artist based in Brooklyn, New York.^[1] She creates art about artificial intelligence (AI) as it intersects race, gender, and history.^[2][3]

Her aim is to "create a unique culturally attuned AI entity in collaboration with coders, engineers and in close consultation with local communities of color that reflects and is empowered to work toward the goals of its community."^[4]

Dinkins projects include Conversations with Bina48, a series of conversations between Dinkins and the first social, artificially intelligent humanoid robot BINA48 who looks like a black woman^[3] and Not the Only One, a multigenerational artificially intelligent memoir trained off of three generations of Dinkins's family.^[5]

Dinkins was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey to Black American parents who raised her in Staten Island, New York.^[6] She credits her grandmother with teaching her how to think about art as a social practice, saying "my grandmother . . . was a gardener and the garden was her art . . . that was a community practice."^[7]

Dinkins attended the International Center of Photography School in New York City in 1995, where she completed the general studies in photography certificate program.^[8] Dinkins received a MFA in photography from the Maryland Institute College of Art in 1997^[9] She completed the Independent Study Program at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1998.^[10]

Dinkins is an associate professor in the art department at Stony Brook University in New York.^[11]

Dinkins advocates for co-creation within a social practice art framework, so that vulnerable communities understand how to use technology to their advantage, instead of being subjected to their use.^[12] This is exemplified in her works such as Project al-Khwarzmi, a series of workshops entitled PAK POP-UP at the nonprofit community center Recess in Brooklyn, NY. The workshops involved collaborating with youth in the criminal justice system and uplifting the voices of vulnerable communities in determining how technologies are created and utilized.^[13][14] Dinkins warns of the dangers to members of minority groups that are absent from the creation of the computer algorithms that now affect their lives.^[15][16]

Dinkins's practice employs technologies including, but not limited to, new media such as artificial intelligence and machine learning. Dinkins uses oral history techniques of interviewing to craft community-authored narratives and databases which inform the subjects of her work and serve as acts of social intervention or protest.^[17]

Dinkins began working on Conversations with Bina48 in 2014.^[13] For the series, Dinkins recorded her conversations with BINA48, a social robot that resembles a middle-aged black woman.^[18][19] Dinkins mirrors Bina48 while they discuss identity and technological singularity.^[13]

In 2010, Hanson Robotics, an engineering and robotics company known for its development of humanoid robots, developed and released BINA48. Bina48 is a robot modeled after the memories, beliefs, attitudes, commentary and mannerisms of Bina Aspen Rothblatt,^[20] the spousal partner of Martine Rothblatt. Both Bina and Martine Rothblatt own Bina48 under their organization, the Terasem Movement Foundation.

Five years after Bina48 was released, Dinkins came across a YouTube video of Bina48. She asked, "how did a black woman become the most advanced of the technologies at the time?" Her questioning led her to travel to Lincoln, Vermont (the site of the Terasem Movement Foundation) where she conducted a series of interviews with Bina48 and engaged the robot in conversations pertaining to race, intimacy and the nature of being.^[15][21]

The conversations suggest opportunities for complementing human existence with artificially intelligent agents that have an identity and history, but also show artificial intelligence's current limitations.^[22] Although it is based on a black woman, Dinkins found that Bina48 was shaped by the biases of its white, male creators.^[23]

Project al Kwarizmi (PAK) was a series of pop up workshops in Brooklyn, NY at Eyebeam and Recess; Manhattan, New York at Google; and Durham, North Carolina at Duke University. The workshops were centered for "communities of color that use art as a vehicle to help citizens understand how algorithms, the artificially intelligent systems they underpin, and big data impact their lives and empowers them to do something about it. Project al-Khwarizmi uses art and aesthetics as the common language to help citizens understand what algorithms and artificial intelligent systems are, and where these systems already impact our daily lives."^[24]

Not the only one (N’TOO) is a voice-interactive chatbot that was trained with data from members of her family to tell a multi-generational story.^[25] Dinkins described Not The Only One (NTOO or N'TOO) as an "experimental" multigenerational memoir of one Black American family told from the "mind" of an artificial intelligence of evolving intellect. N'TOO uses a recursive neural network, a deep learning algorithm.^[26] It is a voice-interactive AI robot designed, trained, and aligned with the needs and ideals of black and brown people who are drastically underrepresented in the tech sector. NTOO can also be described as a "physically embodied artificially intelligent agent that senses and acts on its world."^[27]

Dinkins's work is exhibited internationally at various public, private, community, and institutional venues, including the Whitney Museum of American Art,^[28] the de Young Museum,^[29][30] the Philadelphia Museum of Art,^[31][32] the Studio Museum in Harlem;^{[failed verification]}, Museum of Contemporary Photography,^[33] the Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages,^[34] the International Center of Photography in New York,^[35] Herning Kunstmuseum in Herning, Denmark,^[36] The Barbican in London, UK,^[37] Islip Art Museum,^[38] Wave Hill,^[39] Taller Boricua,^[40] the Queens Museum,^[41] and the corner of Putnam and Malcolm X Blvd in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York.^[36] She has presented her work in symposia at the Museum of Modern Art, amongst other venues.^[42]

Dinkins is the recipient of many awards, including: the inaugural LG Guggenheim Award, a $100,000 cash prize awarded annually;^[43] a Berggruen Institute artist fellowship;^[44] a Sundance New Frontiers Story Lab fellowship;^[45] a Soros Equality Fellowship;^[46] a Lucas Artists fellowship;^[47] a Creative Capital grant;^[48] a Bell Labs artist residency;^[49] a Blade of Grass fellowship;^[50] and a Data & Society fellowship.^[51]

Dinkins appeared in episode six of the HBO television series Random Acts of Flyness directed by Terence Nance, where she described her conversations with BINA48.^[52][53]

• Dinkins, Stephanie (2020). "Community, art and the vernacular in technological ecosystems". Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction: 221.
• Dinkins, Stephanie (2019). "¿Human ÷ (Automation + Culture) = Partner?". ASAP/Journal. 4 (2): 294–297. doi:10.1353/asa.2016.0029. ISSN 2381-4721. S2CID 246036671.
• Designs for different futures. Hiesinger, Kathryn B., Fisher, Michelle Millar, Byrne, Emmet, López-Pastor, Maite Borjabad, Ryan, Zoë, Blauvelt, Andrew. Philadelphia, PA. 2019. ISBN 978-0-87633-290-0. OCLC 1089977157.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
• "Digital. Virtuell. Posthuman? – 265-2019". Kunstforum International (in German). Retrieved 2020-02-25.
• Peterson, L; Dinkins, Stephanie (2020). "What Atlanta can teach tech about cultivating black talent". Wired.
• Willis, Deborah (2000). Reflections in Black : a history of Black photographers, 1840 to the present (1st ed.). New York. p. 81. ISBN 0-393-04880-2. OCLC 42780328.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• Stephanie Dinkins website
• Artist bio by MoMA R&D
• Artist profile by AI Artists
• Stony Brook University faculty page