Steven Grinspoon

Steven Grinspoon
EducationCornell University, 1983.

University of Rochester School of Medicine, 1988.

Medical residency and Chief Resident at Columbia Presbyterian, 1988 -1992.

Fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital, 1992 - 1995.
AwardsAmerican Society for Clinical Investigation, 2003.
Gerald D. Aurbach Laureate Award for Outstanding Translational Research from the Endocrine Society, 2016.

Steven Grinspoon is an American physician and a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. His work investigates the neuroendocrine regulation of body composition and the physiological consequences of fat distribution on cardiovascular disease and inflammation.[1] In 2015, he became the Principal Investigator of the NIH-funded Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard.[2]

Education and early life

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Steven Grinspoon is the son of Eileen and Harold Grinspoon, a real estate developer.[3] He graduated from Cornell University in 1983[4] and attended the University of Rochester School of Medicine, graduating in 1988.[3] He completed his medical residency and served as Chief Resident at Columbia Presbyterian from 1988 to 1992, and then completed his Endocrinology Fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1992 to 1995.[5]

Career

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Grinspoon is Chief of the Massachusetts General Hospital’s (MGH) Metabolism Unit, and Director of the Nutrition and Obesity Research Center at Harvard. He is the MGH Endowed Chair in Neuroendocrinology and Metabolism.

In 2003, he was elected to the American Society for Clinical Investigation.[6] In 2016, he received the Gerald D. Aurbach Laureate Award for Outstanding Translational Research from the Endocrine Society.[7]

Research

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Grinspoon’s primary research has been centered on understanding the neuroendocrine regulation of body composition in HIV patients, and how it relates to the growth hormone (GH) axis.[8][7] Hypothesizing that augmentation of GH pulsatility might reduce visceral fat, Grinspoon led a series of studies demonstrating that that growth-hormone-releasing drug Tesamorelin reduced visceral fat[9][10] and triglycerides, while improving adiponectin in patients with HIV.[9] Following the trials, the Federal Drug Administration approved Tesamorelin for HIV-associated lipodystrophy in 2010.[11][12]

Subsequent studies, published in JAMA and Lancet HIV, demonstrated that Tesamorelin reduced hepatic steatosis as well, the first drug to demonstrate a significant effect among patients with HIV lipodystrophy.[13][14][7] He demonstrated significant effects in stimulating hepatic oxidative pathways and reduce inflammatory pathways in gene set enrichment studies.[15] Tesamorelin was also studied in individuals with generalized obesity, where it was observed to reduce cIMT, inflammatory markers, lipids, and visceral adiposity.

He investigated the mechanisms and strategies for addressing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV. His work began with epidemiologic studies that demonstrated increased myocardial infarction rates among HIV patients. He identified a higher prevalence of plaque, particularly noncalcified, lipid-rich plaque. He used FDG PET imaging to demonstrate significant arterial inflammation in asymptomatic, low-traditional risk HIV patients. He conducted studies that characterized coronary plaque morphology in HIV patients, revealing an increased prevalence of high-risk plaques with low attenuation and positive remodeling—features that make them more prone to rupture.[16]

Since 2013, he has been leading the REPRIEVE trial, a global primary prevention study conducted across 12 countries. The REPRIEVE trial was recently halted early by its Data Safety Monitoring Board due to a robust efficacy signal, showing that statin therapy reduced major adverse cardiovascular events—including heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular deaths—by 35% over five years compared to placebo.[17][18][19][20][21]

He was among the first to assess metformin and rosiglitazone to reverse insulin resistance and increase adipogenesis in this population. He recognized reduced DICER as a factor that may contribute to dysfunctional adipose tissue in HIV.[22][13][14]

He was granted a US Patent entitled “GHRH or Analogues Thereof for the Use in Treatment of Hepatic Disease."[23]

Personal life

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He married Winifred Ann Sandler in 1988. They have three children together.[3][24][25]

Works

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  • Grinspoon, Steven K. (April 2003). "Weight loss and wasting in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 36 (69-78).[26]
  • Grinspoon, Steven K. (19 June 2008). “Initiative to Decrease Cardiovascular Risk and Increase Quality of Care for Patients Living With HIV/AIDS”.Circulation (journal) 18[27]
  • Grinspoon, Steven K. ;Lake, Jordan, Stanley, Takara; Apovian, Caroline; Brown, Todd. (15 May 2017). “Practical Review of Recognition and Management of Obesity and Lipohypertrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection”. Clinical Infectious Diseases 64 (1422–1429).[28]
  • Grinspoon, Steven K; Brown, Todd T. (2020) Williams Textbook of Endocrinology:”Endocrinology of HIV/AIDS”. Elsevier.[29]
  • Grinspoon, Steven K; Stlanley, Takara L. (January 2022) Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes: “Abnormalities in HIV Infection”. Oxford University Press.[30]
  • Grinspoon, Steven K; Zanni, Markella V.; Fitchenbaum, Carl J. (July 23, 2023) New England Journal of Medicine: “Pitavastatin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection”. Massachusetts Medical Society.[31]

References

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  1. ^ Achermann, John C.; et al. (2016-01-01). "Contributors". Williams Textbook of Endocrinology: v–xiv. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-29738-7.00047-2. ISBN 9780323297387.
  2. ^ Triant VA, Lee H, Hadigan C, Grinspoon SK. Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;92(7):2506-12. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2190 Epub 2007 Apr 24. PMID 17456578; PMCID: PMC2763385.
  3. ^ a b c "Miss Sandler Married To Dr. S. K. Grinspoon". New York Times. 5 June 1988. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  4. ^ "Steven Kyle Grinspoon, M.D." Harvard.edu. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Steven Grinspoon, MD - Neuroendocrinology". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  6. ^ "The American Society for Clinical Investigation". the-asci.org. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  7. ^ a b c Newman, Mark (2016-01-22). "Meet the 2016 Laureate Award Winners: Steven Grinspoon, MD". Endocrine News. Retrieved 2022-10-17.[dead link]
  8. ^ "Steven K Grinspoon". Division of Nutrition at Harvard Medical School.
  9. ^ a b Stanley, Takara; Brown, Todd T. (3 April 2024). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (15 ed.). Elsevier. p. 360. ISBN 9780323932301.
  10. ^ Glesby, Marshall J. (September 2024). "Treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy". UpToDate. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  11. ^ Al shami, Tania; Via, Michael A. (5 January 2022). A Case-Based Guide to Clinical Endocrinology. Springer Cham. p. 540. ISBN 978-3-030-84366-3.
  12. ^ Manalac, Tristan (24 January 2024). "Theratechnologies Gets FDA Rejection for Concentrated Formulation of Tesamorelin". Biospace. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  13. ^ a b Hadigan, Colleen; Yawetz, Sigal; Thomas, Abraham; Havers, Fiona; Sax, Paul E.; Grinspoon, Steven (2004-05-18). "Metabolic Effects of Rosiglitazone in HIV Lipodystrophy". Annals of Internal Medicine. 140 (10): 786–794. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00008. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 15148065. S2CID 53089714.
  14. ^ a b Torriani M, Srinivasa S, Fitch KV, Thomou T, Wong K, Petrow E, Kahn CR, Cypess AM, Grinspoon SK. Dysfunctional Subcutaneous Fat With Reduced Dicer and Brown Adipose Tissue Gene Expression in HIV-Infected Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Mar;101(3):1225-34. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3993 Epub 2016 Jan 12. PMID 26756119; PMCID: PMC4803164.
  15. ^ Fourman LT, Billingsley JM, Agyapong G, Ho Sui SJ, Feldpausch MN, Purdy J, Zheng I, Pan CS, Corey KE, Torriani M, Kleiner DE, Hadigan CM, Stanley TL, Chung RT, Grinspoon SK. Effects of tesamorelin on hepatic transcriptomic signatures in HIV-associated NAFLD. JCI Insight. 2020 Aug 20;5(16):e140134. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.140134 PMID 32701508; PMCID: PMC7455119.
  16. ^ Zanni MV, Abbara S, Lo J, Wai B, Hark D, Marmarelis E, Grinspoon SK. Increased coronary atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by coronary computed tomography angiography in HIV-infected men. AIDS. 2013 May 15;27(8):1263-72. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835eca9b PMID 23324657; PMCID: PMC3740057.
  17. ^ "Daily Statin Medication Reduces Risk of Major Cardiovascular Events by More Than One-Third in People Living with HIV". Massachusetts General Hospital. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  18. ^ "Daily statin reduces heart disease risk among adults living with HIV". National Institutes of Health (NIH). 2023-07-24. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  19. ^ "Preventing HIV's Collateral Cardiovascular Damage: ITT Episode 15". New England Journal of Medicine. 389 (7): e11. 2023-08-17. doi:10.1056/NEJMp2307347. ISSN 0028-4793.
  20. ^ Ryan, Benjamin (2023-09-10). "For 'Silver Tsunami' With H.I.V., New Hope for Healthy Aging". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  21. ^ "For people with HIV, statins show 35 percent drop in heart attack risk". Washington Post. 2023-09-29. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  22. ^ Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, Branch KL, Lee H, Torriani M, Grinspoon SK. Effect of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Jul 23-30;312(4):380-9. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.8334 PMID 25038357; PMCID: PMC4363137.
  23. ^ US 10946073, Grinspoon, Steven K., "GHRH or analogues thereof for use in treatment of hepatic disease", published 2021-03-16, assigned to Massachusetts General Hospital 
  24. ^ "New Hillel building planned to support Jewish life at Cornell | Cornell Chronicle". news.cornell.edu.
  25. ^ "Steven Grinspoon | Harvard Hillel". www.hillel.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2025-04-15.
  26. ^ Grinspoon, Steven K.; Mulligan, Kathleen (April 2003). "Department of Health and Human Services Working Group on the Prevention and Treatment of Wasting and Weight Loss. Weight loss and wasting in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus". Clinical Infectious Diseases. doi:10.1086/367561. PMID 12652374. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  27. ^ Grinspoon, Steven K.; et, al (19 June 2008). "State of the Science Conference: Initiative to Decrease Cardiovascular Risk and Increase Quality of Care for Patients Living With HIV/AIDS: Executive Summary". Circulation. 18. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.18962. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  28. ^ Lake, Jordan; Stanley, Takara; Apovian, Caroline; Brown, Todd; Grinspoon, Steven (15 May 2017). "Practical Review of Recognition and Management of Obesity and Lipohypertrophy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 64 (10): 1422–1429. doi:10.1093/cid/cix178. PMC 5411395. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
  29. ^ Grinspoon, Steven K.; Brown, Todd T. (2020). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology:”Endocrinology of HIV/AIDS”. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-55596-8.
  30. ^ Grinspoon, Steven K.; Stanley, Takara L. (January 2022). Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1715–1724. ISBN 9780191840739.
  31. ^ Grinspoon, Steven K.; Fitch, Kathleen D.; Zanni, Markella V.; Fitchenbaum, Carl J. (23 July 2023). "Pitavastatin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection". New England Journal of Medicine. 389. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2304146. PMC 10564556. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
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