Susan Hayward

This article is about the 20th-century actress. For the 21st-century actress, see Susan Heyward.

Susan Hayward
Hayward in the 1940s
Born
Edythe Marrenner

(1917-06-30)June 30, 1917
Brooklyn, New York U.S.
DiedMarch 14, 1975(1975-03-14) (aged 57)
Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
Resting placeOur Lady of Perpetual Help Cemetery
Carrollton, Georgia
OccupationActress
Years active1937–1972
Spouses
​
​
(m. 1944; div. 1954)​
Floyd Eaton Chalkley
​
​
(m. 1957; died 1966)​
Children2

Susan Hayward (born Edythe Marrenner; June 30, 1917 – March 14, 1975) was an American actress best known for her film portrayals of women that were based on true stories.

After working as a fashion model for the Walter Thornton Model Agency, Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937 to audition for the role of Scarlett O'Hara. She secured a film contract and played several small supporting roles over the next few years.

By the late 1940s, the quality of her film roles improved, and she achieved recognition for her dramatic abilities with the first of five Academy Award for Best Actress nominations for her performance as an alcoholic in Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman (1947). Hayward's success continued through the 1950s as she received nominations for My Foolish Heart (1949), With a Song in My Heart (1952), and I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955), winning the Academy Award for her portrayal of death row inmate Barbara Graham in I Want to Live! (1958). For her performance in I'll Cry Tomorrow she won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress.

After Hayward's second marriage and subsequent move to Georgia, her film appearances became infrequent; although she continued acting in film and television until 1972. She died in 1975 of brain cancer.

Early life

[edit]

Hayward was born Edythe Marrenner on June 30, 1917, in the Flatbush neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, the youngest of three children to Ellen (née Pearson) and Walter Marrenner. Her mother was of Swedish descent. She had an older sister, Florence, and an older brother, Walter Jr.[1] In 1924, Marrenner was hit by a car, suffering a fractured hip and broken legs that put her in a partial body cast with the resulting bone setting leaving her with a distinctive hip swivel later in life.[2][3][4]

She was educated at Public School 181 and graduated from the Girls' Commercial High School in June 1935 (later renamed Prospect Heights High School).[5] According to the Erasmus Hall High School alumni page, Hayward attended that school in the mid-1930s,[6] although she only recollected swimming at the pool for a dime during hot summers in Flatbush, Brooklyn.[7] During her high school years, she acted in various school plays, and was named "Most Dramatic" by her class.[8]

Career

[edit]

Marrenner began her career as a model, traveling to Hollywood in 1937 to try out for the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind.[9] Though Hayward did not get the part, she was used for other actors' screen tests by David Selznick and received a contract at Warner Bros.[10]

Warner Bros.

[edit]

Talent agent Max Arnow changed Marrenner's name to Susan Hayward once she started her six-month contract for $50 a week with Warner's.[11] Hayward had bit parts in Hollywood Hotel (1937), The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) (her part was edited out), and The Sisters (1938), as well as in a short, Campus Cinderella (1938).[12]

Hayward's first sizeable role was with Ronald Reagan in Girls on Probation (1938), where she was a strong 10th in billing. She was also in Comet Over Broadway (1938), but returned to unbilled and began posing for pinup "cheesecake" publicity photos, something she and most actresses despised, but under her contract she had no choice. With Hayward's contract at Warner Bros. finished, she moved on to Paramount Studios.[11]

Paramount

[edit]
Hayward in 1939

In 1939, Paramount Studios signed her to a $250 per week contract. Hayward had her first breakthrough in the part of Isobel in Beau Geste (1939) opposite Gary Cooper and Ray Milland. She held the small, but important, haunting love of youth role as recalled by the Geste brothers while they searched for a valuable sapphire known as "the blue water" during desert service in the Foreign Legion; the film was hugely successful.[13]

Paramount put Hayward as the second lead in Our Leading Citizen (1939) with Bob Burns and she then supported Joe E. Brown in $1000 a Touchdown (1939).

Hayward went to Columbia for a supporting role alongside Ingrid Bergman in Adam Had Four Sons (1941), then to Republic Pictures for Sis Hopkins (1941) with Judy Canova and Bob Crosby. Back at Paramount, she had the lead in a "B" film, Among the Living (1941) alongside Albert Dekker and Frances Farmer.

Cecil B. De Mille gave her a good supporting role in Reap the Wild Wind (1942), to costar with Milland, John Wayne and Paulette Goddard.[14] She was in the short A Letter from Bataan (1942) and supported Goddard and Fred MacMurray in The Forest Rangers (1942).

Hayward in 1941

United Artists and Republic

[edit]

Hayward costarred in I Married a Witch (1942) with Fredric March and Veronica Lake, as the fiancé of Wallace Wooly (March) before Lake's witch reappears from a Puritanical stake burning 300 years earlier.[15] The film served as inspiration for the 1960s TV series Bewitched and was based on an unfinished novel by Thorne Smith. It was made for Paramount but was sold to United Artists.[15][16] She was next in Paramount's all-star musical review Star Spangled Rhythm (1943) that also featured its nonmusical contract players.[17]

Hayward appeared with William Holden in Young and Willing (1943), a Paramount film distributed by UA. She was in Republic's Hit Parade of 1943 (1943), her singing voice dubbed by Jeanne Darrell.[18]

Sam Bronston borrowed her for Jack London (1943) at UA. At Republic she was Wayne's love interest in The Fighting Seabees (1944), the biggest budgeted film in that company's history.[19]

She starred in the film version of The Hairy Ape (1944) for UA. Back at Paramount she was Loretta Young's sister in And Now Tomorrow (1944). She then left the studio.

RKO gave Hayward her first top billing in Deadline at Dawn (1946), a Clifford Odets written Noir film, which was Harold Clurman's only movie as director.[20]

Walter Wanger and stardom

[edit]
Hayward in 1948

After the war, Hayward's career took off when producer Walter Wanger signed her for a seven-year contract at $100,000 a year.[21] Her first film was Canyon Passage (1946).

In 1947, she received the first of five Academy Award nominations for her role as an alcoholic nightclub singer based on Dixie Lee in Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman, her second film for Wanger. Although it was not well received by critics,[22] it was popular with audiences and a box office success, launching Hayward as a star.[23]

RKO used her again for They Won't Believe Me (1947). She subsequently worked for Wanger on The Lost Moment (1948) and Tap Roots (1948). Both films lost money but the latter was widely seen.[24]

At Universal Hayward was in The Saxon Charm (1948) and she did Tulsa (1949) for Wanger. Both films were commercial disappointments.

20th Century Fox

[edit]

Hayward went over to 20th Century Fox to make House of Strangers (1949) for director Joseph Mankiewicz, beginning a long association with that studio.

Hayward in 1952

Sam Goldwyn borrowed her for My Foolish Heart (1949), which earned her an Oscar nomination, then she went back to Fox for I'd Climb the Highest Mountain (1951), which was a hit.[25]

She stayed at that studio to make the western Rawhide (1951) with Tyrone Power, and the romantic drama I Can Get It for You Wholesale (1951).

Hayward then starred in three massive successes: David and Bathsheba (1951) with Gregory Peck, the most popular film of the year;[25] With a Song in My Heart (1952), a biopic of Jane Froman, which earned her an Oscar nomination; and The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), with Peck and Ava Gardner.

RKO borrowed Hayward for The Lusty Men (1952) with Robert Mitchum, then she went back to Fox for The President's Lady (1953), playing Rachel Jackson alongside Charlton Heston; White Witch Doctor (1953) again a co-star with Mitchum; Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954), as Messalina; Garden of Evil (1954) with Gary Cooper and Richard Widmark; and Untamed (1955) with Tyrone Power. Hayward then starred with Clark Gable in Soldier of Fortune (1955), a CinemaScope film that was a box office miss.[26]

Peak

[edit]

MGM hired Hayward to play the alcoholic showgirl/actress Lillian Roth in I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955),[27] based on Roth's best-selling autobiography of the same title, for which she received a Cannes award. It was a major financial success.[28]

Although Hayward never truly became known as a singer—she disliked her own singing[29]–she portrayed singers in several films. However, in I'll Cry Tomorrow—whose vocals were once widely attributed to professional ghost singer Marni Nixon[30]—Hayward sang the vocals undubbed and appears on the soundtrack.[31] Hayward performed in the musical biography of singer Jane Froman in the 1952 film, With a Song in My Heart, a role which won her the Golden Globe for Best Actress Actress In A Leading Role – Musical Or Comedy. Jane Froman's voice was recorded and used for the film as Hayward acted out the songs.

Hayward receiving an Oscar for Best Actress in I Want to Live! (1958)

In 1956, she was cast by Howard Hughes to play Bortai in the historical epic The Conqueror, as John Wayne's leading lady. It was critically deprecated but a commercial success.[32] She did a comedy with Kirk Douglas, Top Secret Affair (1956) which flopped.[33]

Hayward's last film with Wanger, I Want to Live! (1958), in which she played death row inmate Barbara Graham, was a critical and commercial success and won Hayward the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal. Many movie pundits have referred to her performance in I Want to Live! as the greatest Hollywood acting performance by any actress at any time. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote that her performance was "so vivid and so shattering ... Anyone who could sit through this ordeal without shivering and shuddering is made of stone."[34] Hayward received 37% of the film's net profits.[35]

Hayward in Ada (1961)

Decline as star

[edit]

Hayward made Thunder in the Sun (1959) with Jeff Chandler, a wagon train picture about French Basque pioneers,[36] which was a modest success financially, and then Woman Obsessed (1959) at Fox.

In 1961, Hayward starred as a shrewd working girl who becomes the wife of the state's next governor (Dean Martin) and ultimately takes over the office herself in Ada. The same year, she played Rae Smith in Ross Hunter's lavish remake of Back Street, which also starred John Gavin and Vera Miles. Neither film was particularly successful; nor were I Thank a Fool (1962) at MGM, Stolen Hours (1963), and Where Love Has Gone (1964), which co-starred Bette Davis.

Later career

[edit]

Hayward was reunited with Joseph Mankiewicz in The Honey Pot (1967). Then she replaced Judy Garland as Helen Lawson in the film adaptation of Jacqueline Susann's Valley of the Dolls (1967), which drew terrible reviews but made money at the box office.[37]

She received good reviews for her performance at Caesars Palace in the Las Vegas production of Mame that opened in December 1968. She was replaced by Celeste Holm in March 1969 after her voice gave out and she had to leave the production.[38][39]

She continued to act into the early 1970s, when she was diagnosed with brain cancer.

She appeared in the TV movie Heat of Anger (1972) and the western film The Revengers (1972) with William Holden.

Her final film role was as Dr. Maggie Cole in the 1972 made-for-TV drama Say Goodbye, Maggie Cole. Intended to be the pilot episode for a television series, "Maggie Cole" was never produced because of Hayward's failing health.[40] Her last public appearance was at the Academy Awards telecast in 1974 to present the Best Actress award despite being very ill.[41] With Charlton Heston's support, she was able to present the award.[42]

Personal life

[edit]
Hayward and her twin sons, Timothy and Gregory, at the 28th Academy Awards on March 21, 1956

During World War II, Hayward supported the war effort by volunteering at the Hollywood Canteen, where she met her first husband, actor Jess Barker. They married on July 23, 1944, and on February 19, 1945, fraternal twin sons named Gregory and Timothy were born.[43] The marriage was turbulent, with a judge granting an interlocutory divorce decree on August 17, 1954.[44] During the contentious divorce proceedings, Hayward stayed in the United States rather than join the Hong Kong location shoot for the film Soldier of Fortune. She shot her scenes on a sound stage with co-star Clark Gable in Hollywood. A few brief, distant scenes of Gable and a Hayward double walking near landmarks in Hong Kong were combined with the indoor shots. By April 1955, the stress of divorce proceedings and overwork prompted Hayward to attempt suicide by overdosing on sleeping pills.[44] After taking the pills, she quickly regretted her decision and, in a panic, called her mother, who sent for the police; they had to break down the back door to reach her.[45][46] Several months later, Hayward got into a violent fight with actress Jil Jarmyn after the latter found Hayward with her boyfriend, Donald Barry in his bedroom. When confronted about the fight, Hayward replied, "I'm red-haired and Irish, you know, and I don't let anybody call me names."[46][47]

In 1957, Hayward married Floyd Eaton Chalkley, commonly known as Eaton Chalkley, a successful Georgia rancher and businessman who had worked as a federal agent. The marriage was a happy one. They lived on a farm near Carrollton, Georgia, and owned property across the state line in Cleburne County, just outside Heflin, Alabama.[48] She became a popular figure in the area in the late 1950s. Chalkley died on January 9, 1966. Hayward went into mourning and did little acting for several years. She took up residence in Florida, because she preferred not to live in her Georgia home without her husband. On June 30, 1966, she was baptized Catholic by Father Daniel J. McGuire at SS. Peter and Paul's Roman Catholic Church in the East Liberty section of Pittsburgh. Hayward had met McGuire, an acquaintance of Chalkley, in Rome eight years prior.[49]

Before her Catholic baptism, Hayward had been a proponent of astrology.[50] She particularly relied on the advice of Carroll Righter, who called himself "the Gregarious Aquarius" and the self-proclaimed "Astrologer to the Stars", who informed her that the optimal time to sign a film contract was exactly 2:47 a.m., prompting her to set her alarm for 2:45 so she could be sure to follow his instructions.[51]

Death

[edit]
Drawing of Hayward in character after winning an Oscar for I Want to Live!, by artist Nicholas Volpe

Hayward's doctor found a lung tumor in March 1972 that metastasized and, after a seizure in April 1973, she was diagnosed with brain metastasis.[52] On March 14, 1975, she suffered a seizure in her Beverly Hills home and died at the age of 57.[53] A funeral service was held on March 16 at Our Lady of Perpetual Help Roman Catholic Church in Carrollton, Georgia. Hayward's body was buried in the church's cemetery.[54]

Susan Hayward's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

Theories about the radioactive fallout from atmospheric atomic bomb tests[55] surround the making of The Conqueror in St. George, Utah. Several production members, including Hayward, John Wayne, Agnes Moorehead, Pedro Armendáriz (who died by suicide after a diagnosis of cancer), and director Dick Powell later succumbed to cancer and cancer-related illnesses.[56] As ascertained by People magazine in 1980, out of a cast and crew totaling 220 people, 91 of them developed some form of cancer, and 46 had died of the disease.[57]

While Hayward was a two pack a day smoker, and smoking was considered the main cause of lung cancer[1], the question is still open as to whether high residual radiation levels after the above ground nuclear explosions in Yucca Flat, only 137 miles from the set of The Conqueror, led directly to her relatively early death.[58]

Susan Hayward has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6251 Hollywood Boulevard.[59]

Filmography

[edit]
Film and television credits
Year Title Role Notes
1937 Hollywood Hotel Starlet at table Uncredited
1938 The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse Patient Scenes deleted
The Sisters Telephone operator Uncredited
Girls on Probation Gloria Adams
Comet Over Broadway Amateur Actress Uncredited
Campus Cinderella Co-Ed Short subject
1939 Beau Geste Isobel Rivers
Our Leading Citizen Judith Schofield
$1,000 a Touchdown Betty McGlen
1941 Adam Had Four Sons Hester Stoddard
Sis Hopkins Carol Hopkins
Among the Living Millie Pickens
1942 Reap the Wild Wind Cousin Drusilla Alston
The Forest Rangers Tana "Butch" Mason
I Married a Witch Estelle Masterson
Star Spangled Rhythm Herself – Genevieve in Priorities Skit
A Letter from Bataan Mrs. Mary Lewis Short subject
1943 Young and Willing Kate Benson
Hit Parade of 1943 Jill Wright
Jack London Charmian Kittredge
1944 The Fighting Seabees Constance Chesley
The Hairy Ape Mildred Douglas
And Now Tomorrow Janice Blair
Skirmish on the Home Front Molly Miller Short subject
1946 Deadline at Dawn June Goffe
Canyon Passage Lucy Overmire
1947 Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman Angelica "Angie" / "Angel" Evans Conway Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress
They Won't Believe Me Verna Carlson
The Lost Moment Tina Bordereau
1948 Tap Roots Morna Dabney
The Saxon Charm Janet Busch
1949 Tulsa Cherokee Lansing
House of Strangers Irene Bennett
My Foolish Heart Eloise Winters Nominated—Academy Award for Best Actress
1951 Screen Snapshots: Hopalong in Hoppy Land Herself Short subject
I'd Climb the Highest Mountain Mary Elizabeth Eden Thompson
Rawhide Vinnie Holt
I Can Get It for You Wholesale Harriet Boyd
David and Bathsheba Bathsheba
1952 With a Song in My Heart Jane Froman
The Snows of Kilimanjaro Helen
The Lusty Men Louise Merritt
1953 The President's Lady Rachel Donelson
White Witch Doctor Ellen Burton
1954 Demetrius and the Gladiators Messalina
Garden of Evil Leah Fuller
1955 Untamed Katie O'Neill (Kildare) (Van Riebeck)
Soldier of Fortune Mrs. Jane Hoyt
I'll Cry Tomorrow Lillian Roth
1956 The Conqueror Bortai
1957 Top Secret Affair Dorothy "Dottie" Peale
1958 I Want to Live! Barbara Graham
1959 Thunder in the Sun Gabrielle Dauphin
Woman Obsessed Mary Sharron
1961 The Marriage-Go-Round Content Delville
Ada Ada Gillis
Back Street Rae Smith
1962 I Thank a Fool Christine Allison
1963 Stolen Hours Laura Pember US title: 'Summer Flight'.
1964 Where Love Has Gone Valerie Hayden Miller
1967 The Honey Pot Mrs. Lone Star Crockett Sheridan
Valley of the Dolls Helen Lawson
Think Twentieth Herself
1972 The Revengers Elizabeth Reilly
Heat of Anger Jessie Fitzgerald TV movie
Say Goodbye, Maggie Cole Dr. Maggie Cole TV movie

Other awards

[edit]
  • Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites 1953
  • Photoplay Awards Most Popular Female Star 1953
  • Picturegoer Awards Gold Medal 1953
  • Laurel Awards Golden Laurel 1956
  • David di Donatello Golden Plate Award 1959
  • Sant Jordi Awards Best Foreign Actress 1960

Box office rankings

[edit]

For a number of years, exhibitors voted Hayward among the most popular stars in the United States:

  • 1951 – 19th
  • 1952 – 9th
  • 1953 – 9th
  • 1954 – 14th
  • 1955 – 19th
  • 1956 – 13th
  • 1959 – 10th
  • 1961 – 19th

Radio appearances

[edit]
Year Program Episode/Source
1946 Duffy's Tavern
1946 Suspense "Dame Fortune"[60]
1952 Lux Radio Theatre I Can Get It for You Wholesale[61]
1952 Cavalcade of America Breakfast at Nancy's[62]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Holston, Kim R. (2009). Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life. McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-4334-5.
  2. ^ Holston, Kim R. (July 11, 2015). Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-8088-3.
  3. ^ Arceri, Gene (2010). Brooklyn's Scarlett: Susan Hayward: Fire in the Wind. BearManor Media.
  4. ^ Biography News. Gale Research Company. 1975.
  5. ^ Holston, Kim R. (July 11, 2015). Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life. McFarland. ISBN 9780786480883.
  6. ^ New York Magazine. May 4, 1987.
  7. ^ Van Gelder, Lawrence (March 15, 1975). "Susan Hayward Dies at 55; Oscar-Winning Movie Star". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  8. ^ Holston 2009, p. 7.
  9. ^ "From the Archives: Susan Hayward Dies; Received Oscar in 1959". Los Angeles Times. March 15, 1975. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  10. ^ Wilson, Steve (2014). The Making of Gone With The Wind. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292761261.
  11. ^ a b Arceri, Gene (2010). Brooklyn's Scarlett: Susan Hayward: Fire in the Wind. BearManor Media.
  12. ^ Holston, Kim R. (2015). Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life. McFarland. ISBN 9780786480883.
  13. ^ "The Screen in Review; Remake of 'Beau Geste' With Gary Cooper Has Premiere at the Paramount – Criterion Presents 'They All Come Out'". The New York Times. August 3, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  14. ^ "'Reap the wild wind' returns to screens". Los Angeles Times. November 5, 1954. ProQuest 166697839.
  15. ^ a b "I Married a Witch Is an Underrated Halloween Gem". Vanity Fair. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
  16. ^ Dick, Bernard F. (2015). Engulfed: The Death of Paramount Pictures and the Birth of Corporate Hollywood. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813159287.
  17. ^ Crowther, Bosley (December 31, 1942). "'Star-Spangled Rhythm,' Bulky All-Star Variety Show, Makes Its Premiere Appearance at the Paramount Theatre". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
  18. ^ Institute, American Film (1999). The American Film Institute catalog of motion pictures produced in the United States. F4,1. Feature films, 1941–1950, film entries, A – L. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520215214.
  19. ^ "Rep Budgets Seebees Epic at $1,500,000". Variety. 150 (4): 6. April 7, 1943.
  20. ^ Crowther, Bosley (April 4, 1946). "The Screen; Has Featured Billing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  21. ^ p.46 Holston, Kim R. Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life McFarland, September 24, 2002.
  22. ^ "NYTimes film review: Smash-Up, Story of a Woman". www.nytimes.com. April 11, 1947. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  23. ^ Matthew Bernstein, Walter Wagner: Hollywood Independent, Minnesota Press, 2000, p. 443.
  24. ^ Matthew Bernstein, Walter Wagner: Hollywood Independent, Minnesota Press, 2000, p. 444.
  25. ^ a b "The Top Box Office Hits of 1951". Variety. January 2, 1952.
  26. ^ Crowther, Bosley (May 28, 1955). "Adventures in Hong Kong; Clark Gable Stars in 'Soldier of Fortune'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  27. ^ "Lillian Roth". The Official Masterworks Broadway Site. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  28. ^ The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study.
  29. ^ North, Alex (February 28, 2009). "I'll Cry Tomorrow(1955)". filmscoremonthly.com. Film Score Monthly. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  30. ^ "Vocalist Marni Nixon, Lip-Syncer Extraordinary : 'Ghost' singing: She supplied the vocals for Deborah Kerr in 'The King and I' and backed Natalie Wood in 'West Side Story.'". Los Angeles Times. November 17, 1990. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  31. ^ Laurents, Grace (December 2, 2012). "I'll Cry Tomorrow Trivia". IMDb. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  32. ^ "The Top Box-Office Hits of 1956". Variety Weekly. January 2, 1957.
  33. ^ Scheuer, Philip K. (May 25, 1958). "Graham Story Filmed: Slayer Role Taxes Susan 'A Town Called Hollywood' Susan Hayward Wrapped Up in Murderess Role". Los Angeles Times. p. G1.
  34. ^ Crowther, Bosley (November 19, 1958). "Vivid Performance by Susan Hayward; Actress Stars in 'I Want to Live'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  35. ^ "Susan Hayward". Variety. November 12, 1958. p. 5. Retrieved July 8, 2019 – via Archive.org.
  36. ^ Thompson, Howard (April 9, 1959). "The Screen; ' Thunder in the Sun' at Local Theatres". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  37. ^ Mansour, David (2005). From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7407-5118-9.
  38. ^ Stewart, John (November 22, 2012). Broadway Musicals, 1943–2004. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-0329-2.
  39. ^ Holston, Kim R. (2015). Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-8088-3.
  40. ^ Say Goodbye, Maggie Cole, retrieved January 18, 2018
  41. ^ "How They've Managed to Stop the Show". Los Angeles Times. March 18, 2000. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  42. ^ Holston, Kim R. (2015). Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life. McFarland. p. 171. ISBN 9780786480883.
  43. ^ Tribune, Chicago (June 23, 1985). "Red The Life of Susan Hayward". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  44. ^ a b Holston, Kim R. (2015). Susan Hayward: Her Films and Life. McFarland. ISBN 9780786480883.
  45. ^ "The Rocky Mountain News (Daily) April 27, 1955 — Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection". www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  46. ^ a b Larman, Alexander (April 9, 2024). "The woman who was nearly Bond: the turbulent life of Susan Hayward". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  47. ^ "don red barry susan hayward 1955". Newspapers.com. November 5, 1955. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  48. ^ Profile
  49. ^ "Actress Hayward Joins Catholic Church". The Miami Herald (Street ed.). July 7, 1966. p. 7-F – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ Sloan, Lloyd L. (March 7, 1949). "Interested in Astrology? Talk to Susan Hayward". Hollywood Citizen-News.
  51. ^ Kanfer, Stefan (2003). Ball of Fire: The Tumultuous Life and Comic Art of Lucille Ball. New York: Knopf. p. 202. ISBN 0375413154.
  52. ^ Tribune, Chicago (June 27, 1985). "Susan's Illness and a Final Grand Performance". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved January 20, 2020.
  53. ^ "Actress Susan Hayward dies of brain tumor". Lewiston Morning Tribune. March 15, 1975. p. 2A. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  54. ^ "Susan Hayward funeral simple". The Tuscaloosa News. March 17, 1975. p. 3. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  55. ^ Wayne, Pilar. John Wayne: My Life with the Duke. McGraw-Hill, 1987, ISBN 0-07-068662-9, p. 103.
  56. ^ "Cancer deaths of film stars linked to fallout". The Free Lance-Star. August 7, 1979. p. 7. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  57. ^ "The Children of John Wayne, Susan Hayward, and Dick Powell Fear That Fallout Killed Their Parents". People. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  58. ^ "The Children of John Wayne, Susan Hayward and Dick Powell Fear That Fallout Killed Their Parents". People.com. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  59. ^ "Hollywood Star Walk: Susan Hayward". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  60. ^ http://www.escape-suspense.com/2007/11/suspense---dame.html Open access icon
  61. ^ Kirby, Walter (March 30, 1952). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. The Decatur Daily Review. p. 46. Retrieved May 18, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  62. ^ Kirby, Walter (March 23, 1952). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. The Decatur Daily Review. p. 44. Retrieved May 21, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon

Further reading

[edit]
  • McClelland, Doug (1973). Susan Hayward, The Divine Bitch. New York: Pinnacle Books.
[edit]
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