Tilatá Formation

Tilatá Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early-Late Pliocene (Montehermosan-Uquian) ~5.3–2.7 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	Tequendama Mb., Tibagota Mb., Guasca Mb.
Underlies	Subachoque Formation
Overlies	Guadalupe Gp. Guaduas Fm., Cacho Fm., Bogotá Fm., Regadera Fm.
Thickness	up to 83 m (272 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Conglomerate, sandstone
Other	Shale
Location
Coordinates	5°05′56.9″N 73°42′49.7″W / 5.099139°N 73.713806°W / 5.099139; -73.713806
Region	Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country	Colombia
Type section
Named for	Hacienta Tilatá
Named by	Scheibe
Location	Chocontá
Year defined	1933
Coordinates	5°05′56.9″N 73°42′49.7″W / 5.099139°N 73.713806°W / 5.099139; -73.713806
Region	Cundinamarca
Country	Colombia

The Tilatá Formation (Spanish: Formación Tilatá, N_1t, Tpt) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The formation consists of coarse to very coarse conglomerates and sandstones. The Tilatá Formation dates to the Neogene period; Early to Late Pliocene epoch (Montehermosan to Uquian in the SALMA classification, from approximately 5.3 to 2.7 Ma), and has a maximum thickness of 83 metres (272 ft). The formation underlies the Quaternary sequence of alluvial, lacustrine and fluvial sediments of Lake Humboldt.

The formation was first defined and named by Scheibe in 1933 after the Hacienda Tilatá in Chocontá, near the Sisga Reservoir. Hubach (1957) elevated the Pisos de Tilatá to a formation.^[1]

The Tilatá Formation consists of medium to coarse grained sandstones and conglomerates with minor shale beds.^[1]

The Tilatá Formation is the lowermost of the lacustrine and alluvial sequence of the Bogotá savanna. It unconformably overlies the Cretaceous Guadalupe Group and the Paleogene Guaduas, Cacho, Bogotá, and Regadera Formations, and is overlain by the Quaternary Subachoque Formation of Lake Humboldt. Helmens and Van der Hammen (1995) subdivided the formation into three members; Tequendama, Tibagota (Lower Tilatá) and Guasca (Upper Tilatá).^[1] The age has been estimated to be Late Miocene to Late Pliocene based on fission track analysis and palynology, with reported ages between 5.3 and 2.7 Ma.^[2] The depositional environment has been interpreted as alluvial plains and alluvial fans,^[1] formed during the main phase of tectonic uplift of the Eastern Ranges in the Late Pliocene.^[3] Dutch geologist Salomon Kroonenberg, who studied the Neogene uplift of the Eastern Andes in Colombia, defines the main stage of uplift between six and four million years ago. Other Dutch geologists Helmens, Van der Hammen and Hooghiemstra have pushed back this uplift phase to between 4.5 and 3 Ma.^[4] The upper part of the Tilatá Formation is time-equivalent with the Chorrera Formation, outcropping in Subachoque and the main phase of explosive activity of the Paipa–Iza volcanic complex, active between 4.7 and 3.6 Ma.^[5]

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Type locality of the Tilatá Formation on the northeasternmost Bogotá savanna

The Tilatá Formation is found at its type locality in the synclinal of the Sisga Reservoir in Chocontá, in the Bogotá River valley,^[6] and along the road from Bogotá to Tunja.^[1]

Geology of the Eastern Hills

Geology of the Ocetá Páramo

Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

• Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
• Molnar, Peter (2004), "Late Cenozoic increase in accumulation rates of terrestrial sediment", Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 32: 67–89, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.32.091003.143456
• Monsalve, Maria Luisa; Rojas, Nadia R.; Velandia P., Francisco A.; Pintor, Iraida; Martínez, Lina Fernanda (2011), "Caracterización geológica del cuerpo volcánico de Iza, Boyacá - Colombia" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, 33: 117–130, retrieved 2017-02-25
• Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104

• Renzoni, Giancarlo; Rosas, Humberto (2009), Plancha 171 - Duitama - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Renzoni, Giancarlo; Rosas, Humberto; Etayo Serna, Fernando (1998), Plancha 191 - Tunja - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Montoya, Diana María; Reyes, Germán (2009), Plancha 209 - Zipaquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo; Acosta, Jorge E. (1998), Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Buitrago, José Alberto; Terraza M., Roberto; Etayo, Fernando (1998), Plancha 228 - Santafé de Bogotá Noreste - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Acosta, Jorge E.; Ulloa, Carlos E. (1998), Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06

• Gómez, J.; Montes, N.E.; Nivia, Á.; Diederix, H. (2015), Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, p. 1, retrieved 2017-03-16