French
DeutschTin(IV) sulfide
Sn4+(S2−)2 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name Tin(IV) sulfide | |
| Other names Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
|
| ChEBI | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.867 |
| EC Number |
|
PubChem CID | |
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| |
| Properties | |
| S2Sn | |
| Molar mass | 182.83 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Gold-yellow powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 4.5 g/cm3[1] |
| Melting point | 600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K) decomposes[1] |
| Insoluble | |
| Solubility | Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia[1] Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone[2] |
| Structure | |
| Rhombohedral, hP3[3] | |
| P3m1, No. 164[3] | |
| 3 2/m[3] | |
a = 3.65 Å, c = 5.88 Å[3] α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120° | |
| Octahedral (Sn4+)[3] | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
 [4] | |
| Warning | |
| H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335[4] | |
| P261, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313[4] | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula SnS2. A brown, water-insoluble solid, it is a semiconductor with band gap 2.2 eV.[5] It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.[6]
Synthesis and structure
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Fragment of the SnS2 lattice. Color code: yellow = S, gray = Sn.
The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of H
2S to solutions containing tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. It can also be prepared by heating finely ground Sn with excess sulfur.[7]
The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.[8]
The material reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula [SnS
2]
m[S]2n−
n.[9] A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is:
- SnS
2 + S2−
→ 1/x[SnS2−
3]
x
Potential uses
[edit]Crystalline SnS
2 has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating[10] where it is known as mosaic gold.
Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It serves as an anode in prototypes of lithium-ion batteries.[11] Intercalation with organometallic reagents is reversible.[12]
It has also been evaluated as a component of supercapacitors, which could be used for energy storage.[13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
- ^ Comey, Arthur Messinger; Hahn, Dorothy A. (February 1921). A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic (2nd ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. p. 1080.
- ^ a b c d e Voort, G.F. Vander, ed. (2004). "Crystal Structure*" (PDF). ASM Handbook. 9 (Metallography and Microstructures): 29–43. doi:10.1361/asmhba0003722 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)[permanent dead link] - ^ a b c d "SDS of Stannic sulfide" (PDF). pfaltzandbauer.com. Connecticut, USA: Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
- ^ Burton, Lee A.; Whittles, Thomas J.; Hesp, David; Linhart, Wojciech M.; Skelton, Jonathan M.; Hou, Bo; Webster, Richard F.; O'Dowd, Graeme; Reece, Christian; Cherns, David; Fermin, David J.; Veal, Tim D.; Dhanak, Vin R.; Walsh, Aron (2016). "Electronic and Optical Properties of Single Crystal SnS2: An Earth-Abundant Disulfide Photocatalyst". Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 4 (4): 1312–1318. doi:10.1039/C5TA08214E. hdl:1983/fb4a478e-aa5e-4f09-abe3-dce1343f709d.
- ^ Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. ISBN 0-521-21489-0.
- ^ P. Baudler (1963). "Tin (IVj Sulfide". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 741.
- ^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
- ^ P. Baudler (1963). "Sodium Metathiostannate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. p. 742.
- ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- ^ Cupid, D. M.; Rezqita, A.; Glibo, A.; Artner, M.; Bauer, V.; Hamid, R.; Jahn, M.; Flandorfer, H. (2021). "Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin(IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries". Electrochim. Acta. 375. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137936.
- ^ O'Hare, D. (1992). "Structure, dynamics, and electronic properties of cobaltocene in SnS2–xSex{0⩽x⩽2}". Chem. Soc. Rev. 21 (2): 121–126. doi:10.1039/CS9922100121.
- ^ Setayeshmehr, M.; Haghighi, M.; Mirabbaszadeh, K. (2021). "A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors". Energy Storage. 4.
External links
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