Tomorrow's Pioneers

Tomorrow's Pioneers
Farfour the Mouse
Arabicرواد الغد
Created byHazim Al-Sha'arawi[1]
Directed byFathi Hamad
Creative directorSamir Abu Muhssen
Presented byHazim Al-Sha'arawi
Starring
  • Samir Abu Muhssen
  • Hazim Al-Sha'arawi
  • Mohammad Ramadan
Country of originPalestine
Original languageArabic
No. of seasons4
No. of episodes21
Production
ProducerSamir Abu Muhssen
Production locationsAl-Aqsa TV
Gaza Strip
EditorHazim Al-Sha'arawi
Running time85 minutes
Original release
NetworkAl-Aqsa TV
ReleaseApril 13, 2007 (2007-04-13) –
October 16, 2009 (2009-10-16)

Tomorrow's Pioneers (Arabic: رواد الغد Ruwād al-Ghad), also known as The Pioneers of Tomorrow, is a Palestinian children's television show[2] that was broadcast by the Hamas-affiliated television station Al-Aqsa TV from April 13, 2007 to October 16, 2009, and featured young host Saraa Barhoum and her co-host Farfour, a large Mickey Mouse-like costumed character, performing skits (or "scenes") and discussing life in Palestine in a talk show fashion with call-ins from children (typically of age 9–13 with some as young as 3).[3][4] Presented in a children's educational format similar to such other preschool shows as Sesame Street or Barney & Friends, Tomorrow's Pioneers is highly controversial as it contains antisemitism, Islamism, anti-Americanism, and other anti-Western themes.

The show is considered to be the successor to an earlier Hamas-broadcast children's radio program series entitled Ovan and Branches (Arabic: أفنان وأغصان). Broadcast weekly on Fridays and running for 85 minutes, the program is also moderated by Hazim Al-Sha'arawi.[5] Israeli sources have characterized it as "the 'most serious' of martyrdom operations."[4] Arabic sources have said that the broadcasts of Ovan and Branches have been jammed by Israel in the past.

Characters

Saraa Barhoum (April 2007 – October 2009)

Saraa Barhoum (Arabic: سرّاء برهوم) was a young girl, 10–11 years old in 2007,[3][4][6] in hijab who hosted Tomorrow's Pioneers. She was invited to host the show after entering a singing competition. The show's director, Hazim Al-Sha'arawi, has stated that Saraa was the ideal choice to present the show because "she has witnessed incursions, demolishing of houses, day and night shelling and random continuous firing." In an interview, Saraa revealed that "Israelis [had] hit next door to [her] house with a shell. [She] was wounded on [her] feet and [her] little brother Youssef was wounded in the legs."[3] Despite the tenor of Tomorrow's Pioneers, Saraa has pointed out that "We are not terrorists. We do not support terrorism. We are normal people, but we are defending our homeland ... We, as Muslims, are against suicide bombers. We are against the death of civilians on all sides. We are only the enemy of those who took our land and kill us every day."[3]

During gaps between shooting Tomorrow's Pioneers, Saraa took the opportunity to develop her singing career and she has performed several concerts in support of her music. She recorded several songs with Palestinian children's songwriter, Fekry Namous, and has starred in at least one music video which was hosted for a time at the Palestinian PALN internet network.[7] In this video Saraa sings about the Hamas youth movement, its presence in the schools, and of the division between Israel and Palestine. This video has been criticized for promoting the message "that death, not life, is the prime value"[8] Most recently, recording studio Al-Molatham has shot a high-quality music video of the song "Deprived you of Attiari" (Arabic: يا من يحرم أطياري) from her first album. The video features Saraa singing a plaintive song about being a mother in Palestine while walking through rubble. Images of gravely injured infants are displayed in the background.[9]

Saraa has seven siblings, her father is a university professor[3] and her uncle, Fawzi Barhoum (Arabic: فوزي برهوم), is a Hamas spokesman.[10] In an August 2007 interview, Saraa said she wanted to be a doctor, and if not that, then a martyr.[6]

Uncle Hazim (April–May 2007)

Hazim Al-Sha'arawi, the show's creator and moderator, has appeared in several episodes. The uncle of Farfour (Saraa's first co-host, a mouse), Uncle Hazim (also rendered as Uncle Hazem) often plays the role of the disciplinarian when Farfour is bad. In episode 101 he chides Farfour for speaking in English and in episode 104 he holds Farfour initially responsible for cheating on his exam.[11] It is not clear whether Uncle Hazim is the uncle of Farfour's cousins Nahoul (a bee) and Assoud (a rabbit) as well.

Farfour (April–June 2007)

Farfour (Arabic: فرفور; also rendered as Farfur), a Mickey Mouse-like mouse,[12] is a costumed character with a high-pitched voice who co-hosted Tomorrow's Pioneers with Saraa. His name comes from a diminutive of fa'r which means "mouse" in Arabic.[13]

On the show, Farfour has expressed controversial views. He has stated such things as: "You and I are laying the foundation for a world led by Islamists"[14] and "We will return the Islamic community to its former greatness, and liberate Jerusalem, God willing, liberate Iraq, God willing, and liberate all the countries of the Muslims invaded by the murderers."[12][14] In episode 103, he simulates shooting an AK-47 and throwing grenades.[13][15]

In episode 105 (aired June 22, 2007), Farfour is beaten to death during an interrogation by an Israeli who is trying to acquire the key and title to "Tel al-Rabi", a fictional Palestinian settlement which was occupied by Israelis and renamed to Tel Aviv.[16][17] Farfour is replaced as co-host in episode 202 by Nahoul, his bumblebee cousin. The idea for the story arc involving Farfour's death came from Al-Sha'arawi.[10] It was initially claimed that the death of Farfour was intended to usher in a new direction for the show.[18]

Other Hamas children's programs have used the Mickey Mouse image to incite terror activities.[19]

The Disney corporation initially had no public statement on the use of Mickey Mouse's image in the Farfour character; Disney CEO Robert Iger later said, "We were appalled by the use of our character to disseminate that kind of message." He explained the initial quiet by saying, "I just didn't think it would have any effect... I think it should have been obvious how the company felt about the subject."[20]

Nahoul (July–February 2008)

Nahoul (Arabic: نحول; also rendered as Nahul or Nahool) is a costumed bumblebee character with a high-pitched voice who co-hosted Tomorrow's Pioneers with Saraa following Farfour's martyrdom during an Israeli interrogation. The decision to use a bee as the second host was explained by Hazim Al-Sha'arawi in an Al Jazeera interview as stemming from the fact that bees are serious, organized, and mentioned in the Qur'an. When introduced on Friday, July 13, 2007, he promised "revenge upon the enemies of God, the murderers of the prophets," explaining "I want to continue in the path of Farfour – the path of Islam, of heroism, of martyrdom, of the mujahideen."[21][22]

On the show, Nahoul has expressed terrorist views. He has stated such things as: "We will liberate Al-Aqsa from the filth of the criminal Jews,"[23] and "We will go on Jihad when we grow up."[23] In episode 204, Nahoul visits the zoo where streaks of cruelty become apparent for the (first?) time. Nahoul states: "The cats here are asleep - the poor, wretched, imprisoned cats. I feel like abusing them. This cat is asleep. I feel like attacking it."[24] Nahoul then proceeds to swing cats by their tails and throw them around their cage.[24] Saraa later chides him for this.

In February 2008, it was revealed that Nahoul was very sick and in need of an operation. Although Nahoul and his parents travelled to Al-Arish they could not leave Gaza and effectuate the passage to Egypt for medical treatment.[25][26] He dies, what the show calls "a martyr's death,"[27] in the arms of his parents. His brother was notably absent. Nahoul is replaced as co-host by Assoud, his rabbit brother.

Assoud (February 2008 – January 2009)

Palestinian Media Watch subtitles for Assoud on his debut episode.

Assoud (Arabic: أسّود; also rendered as Assud), a Bugs Bunny or Roger Rabbit-like rabbit character whose name means lion, was introduced after his brother, the previous co-host, Nahoul, died of illness.[27] In explaining why he is called Assoud (lion), when Arnoub (rabbit) would be more appropriate, Assoud explains that "A rabbit is a term for a bad person and coward. And I, Assoud, will finish off the Jews and eat them."[26][27] Before Nahoul's death, Assoud lived in Lebanon; he returned "in order to return to the homeland and liberate it."[26] On his deathbed, he instructs Palestinian children that they must fight and die to liberate Haifa, Tel Aviv and other Israeli cities.[28][29] Assoud hinted in episode 302 that he would be replaced by a tiger when he was martyred.

On the 2 January 2009, episode, Assoud was seen dying in a Gaza hospital after being injured in an Israeli attack.[30]

Nassur (February–October 2009)

Nassur, a brown bear, is the final co-host of Tomorrow's Pioneers. He claims to have come to the Gaza Strip to become one of the mujahideen and to defend the children of Palestine (although he gives evidence that he may have come from Iran). As such he has vowed in his debut episode on February 13, 2009, to "join the 'Izz Al-Din Al-Qassam Brigades where his activities will include such things as "wag[ing] Jihad" and "carry[ing] a gun."[31] He survives in the series finale.

Episodes

Due to political instability and regional conflict between Hamas and Fatah parties, the show has not maintained uninterrupted broadcasting. In June 2007 during the Battle of Gaza, the Al-Aqsa TV station was taken over and shut down by Fatah gunmen.[32][33] In January 2008, Fatah members abducted several Al-Aqsa TV station crew members.[34] In September 2008, Fatah also began broadcasting a competing show targeting children on the Official PA TV network.[35] Further complicating regular broadcast of Tomorrow's Pioneers were controversies surrounding the show itself. Palestinian Information Minister, Mustafa Barghouti successfully lobbied to have the show shut down for a time although this ban was later lifted. Factors such as these lead to broadcast dates often being irregular.

Note: With the exception of episode #20 (the fourth episode of Season 4) whose original airdate was a Tuesday, the original airdate for all other episodes was a Friday.

Season 1: April–June 2007

# Total Title Original airdate
1011"Farfour Is Caught Speaking English"April 13, 2007 (2007-04-13)
Farfour and Saraa discuss martyrdom and the reclamation of Al-Aqsa with Sanabel, a call-in guest. Farfour and Saraa then speak with Hadil, another call-in guest, to whom Saraa explains that "the day Islam rules the world there will be justice, love, and peace, and all the people will love one another. That is history." She then discusses the goals of fasting, praying, reciting the Koran, and studying and speaking in classic Arabic. Later on in the episode, Farfour is caught speaking English by Uncle Hazim and is chastised. Saraa explains to Farfour that he must have pride in his Arabic language and that the Muslim culture is a dominant force in the world. Farfour tells Saraa of his intention to, "[set the] cornerstone for world leadership under Islamic leadership" with "our beloved children" and Saraa responds that the show shall act as a "nucleus" for the reunification of Gaza, Jerusalem, and Ramallah into one Palestine. Farfour also teaches about the importance of prayer. Later on he states, "Yes, we, tomorrow's pioneers, will restore to this nation its glory, and we will liberate Al-Aqsa, with Allah's will, and we will liberate Iraq, with Allah's will, and we will liberate the Muslim countries, invaded by murderers." Uncle Hazim speaks of the murders of children and clarifies, "not just the Palestinian child, but also the Iraqi child, as you can see they kill and slaughter the children and the women. Whoever followed the news yesterday could see the fetus and its mother... I'm sure you saw that, Saraa." Saraa acknowledges that she had and that it was very moving. Uncle Hazim continues "they are doing it in Iraq, in Afghanistan, and in Palestine and a while ago they were doing it in Lebanon."[14][36][37][38][39]
1022"Farfour Vs. Bush, Olmert, & Condoleeza"April 20, 2007 (2007-04-20)
Farfour reacts negatively to a song sung by call-in guest, Esraa (12). Esraa used the word "surrender" in her song and Saraa explains that they don't want to surrender, they want to win. Farfour agrees, stating: "We will win Bush! We will win, Sharon! Ah, Sharon's dead. We will win Mofaz! Mofaz left. We will win, Olmert! We will win! We will win, Condoleeza! [sic]"[13][39][40]
1033"Farfour and the AK-47"April 27, 2007 (2007-04-27)
During a song about "answering" the Gaza Strip town of Rafah with AK-47s sung by call-in guest, Harwa (11), Farfour enacts the song in pantomime. Later, a second call-in guest, Muhammad (12) sings "Oh Jerusalem, it is the time of death". The hostess explains to Farfour that one must aspire to memorize the entire Quran... "Because we want to lead the world, so [therefore] we want to memorize the [entire] Quran."[15][39]
1044"Farfour Is Caught Cheating"May 11, 2007 (2007-05-11)
Farfour prepares for and takes his year-end examinations. He cheats by using a cheat sheet during the test and is asked why by Uncle Hazim. His excuse is "Because the Jews destroyed my home and I left my books and notes under the rubble." He soon learns cheating is forbidden and fails the test. Uncle Hazim asks, "don't you want to be like the Khawrizmi and Al-Razi and Ibn Sina?" Farfour admits that he "would like to be Hassan al Banna, Rantissi and Ahmed Yassin." Uncle Hazim suggests that "we want to be scientists or Jaber Ben Hayan". In response, he tells viewers, "I'm calling on all children to read more and more to prepare for exams because the Jews don't want us to learn."[41][42] Uncle Hazim then explains to the audience that Islam has provided security for the world saying: "Ask history, and ask the Jews did they ever live in a time period better than the one they live under Islam. And ask the Christians how their security was assured in the churches and monasteries. Once we were. Do you remember Andalus?"[11][39][43]
1055"Farfour and the Jew"June 22, 2007 (2007-06-22)
Farfour's grandfather explains to Farfour the history of the land. Tel Aviv, he explains, is the Jewish name for the land that was originally called Tel Al-Rabi and the Jews renamed it after occupying it in 1948. Farfour's grandfather gives Farfour the key and documents to the land and then he dies. Farfour exclaims "Grandpa entrusted me with this great trust but I don't know how to liberate this land from the filth of the criminal plundering Jews who killed my Grandpa and everybody." Farfour is then taken to an interrogation where he is "beaten to death by an actor posing as an Israeli official trying to buy Farfour's land" because Farfour had called him a "despicable terrorist." The episode has what seems to be an editorial mistake as a brief flash of a "Farfour in prison" sign is shown immediately prior to Saraa explaining that "Farfour was martyred while defending his land, the land of his fathers and forefathers. He was martyred at the hand of the criminals, the murderers, the murderers of innocent children who killed Iman Hijo, Muhammad Al-Duro, and many others." (see[44]).[16][45][46][47][48][49]

Season 2: July 2007 – February 2008

# Total Title Original airdate
2016"Saraa and The Hadith"July 6, 2007 (2007-07-06)
Shahad (9), a call-in guest shares a quotation from the Hadith: "The Prophet said: The Hour will not take place until you fight the Jews... and the rock and the tree will say: Oh, Muslim, servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me, come and fight him!"[49][50][51]
2027"Nahoul Descends"July 13, 2007 (2007-07-13)
Nahoul, the bumblebee cousin of the deceased mouse Farfour, pledges to continue on his path, "the path of Islam, of heroism, of martyrdom, of the mujahideen."[22] He also explains his intentions to liberate Al-Aqsa from the impurity of the enemies of Allah.[21][49][52]
2038"Nahoul's Rant"July 20, 2007 (2007-07-20)
Nahoul lectures to the audience that "we will liberate Al-Aqsa from the filth of the criminal Jews." Sabah (13), a call-in guest, shares aspirations to become a journalist to which Nahoul asks "to photograph the Jews when they are killing Farfour and the little children?" Later, Izz Al-Din from Ramallah calls in and Nahoul suggests that "we will go on Jihad when we grow up."[23][49]
2049"Nahoul's Big Day Out"August 10, 2007 (2007-08-10)
Nahoul and Saraa discuss the occupation of Al-Aqsa. Nahoul suggests that "Al-Aqsa is very sad. Al-Aqsa is being held prisoner and is besieged by the criminal murderers of children. We must arise in order to take revenge upon the criminal Jews, the occupying Zionists." Nahoul then instructs the audience how to get hold of the key to Al-Aqsa just as Saladin had done when he liberated it. This key, Nahoul explains is achieved through morning prayer, blood, sacrifice, pain, martyrs, and endurance. Saraa then suggests they examine what Nahoul has been doing recently, emphasizing a visit to the Gaza Zoo where he abused animals to entertain a group of children - connected to a story from Hadith in which "a woman went to hell because she locked up a cat without feeding it or letting it eat on its own."[24][53][54][55]
20510"Nahoul & Saraa's Feast of the Sacrifice Extravaganza"December 21, 2007 (2007-12-21)
It is The Feast of the Sacrifice and Saraa specially sings for the audience and an Al-Aqsa news reporter a version of the song originally sung by Harwa in episode 103 about "liberat[ing] [Palestine] from Tiberias to Anaba". Saraa has backup vocals from a male choir. Saraa sings that "we liberated Gaza by force not by Oslo or by Taba." She continues that "Rafah sings, and the Kalashnikov replies." The songs ends with Saraa singing "Oh Gaza, the first stone (of the intifada) where we celebrated our victory - raise your sail for the sailors your lighthouse illuminate the sea of blood." When the song is finished she joins Nahoul who is outside with a neck tie and a party hat on. Saraa asks Nahoul whether he would like to give holiday greetings for the Feast of the Sacrifice, but Nahoul exclaims: "Should I convey greetings to my brother who was martyred in the First Intifada, at the hands of the Zionist Jews? To my second brother who was martyred in the Second Intifada? To my aunt who was martyred because of the siege, or to her orphans? My mother who suffers from diabetes or my father who suffers from hepatitis C? Who should I convey greetings to Saraa? You're rubbing salt on my wounds." Hadil, a call-in guest discusses the sacrifice of a calf that their family made and then Yaquin (13), from Gaza calls in and Nahoul laughs at her, unable to remember her name. Nahoul's voice is considerably lower-pitched in this episode and it is probable that his part is performed by a different actor than normally.[56][57]
20611"Assoud Arrives"February 1, 2008 (2008-02-01)
Nahoul is deathly ill. His parents explain that they tried to bring him "to Al-Arish, but we couldn't get [Nahoul] to Egypt to have an operation." They then cry that "all the children of Palestine are dying without treatment." After Nahoul dies, the audience is introduced to his brother, a rabbit named Assoud. When Assoud asks where Nahoul is, the parents at first pretend that he has gone on a walk at night and will be back shortly, but then they finally tell Assoud that "your brother Nahoul died a martyr's death." Assoud is heartbroken and determines to take up Nahoul's path just as Nahoul had taken up Farfour's. Travelling to Al-Aqsa TV headquarters, Assoud declares to the audience that "I come from the diaspora carrying the Key of Return. Allah willing, we will use this key to liberate our Al-Aqsa." Saraa greets Assoud and explains to the audience that he will now be the new co-host. Assoud asks Saraa "we are all martyrdom-seekers are we not, Saraa?" and Saraa replies "Of course we are," to which Assoud responds "we will liberate Al-Aqsa from the filth of those Zionists." Assoud introduces the concept that the viewers compose the "soldiers of the Pioneers of Tomorrow" and the show ends with Assoud's famous declaration: "I, Assoud, will get rid of the Jews, Allah willing, and I will eat them up, Allah willing, right?" to which Saraa optimistically replies "Allah willing."[27][58][59]

Season 3: February 2008 – January 2009

# Total Title Original airdate
30112"Assoud's Tale"February 8, 2008 (2008-02-08)
Assoud the rabbit says he sneaked in from Egypt when the Gaza fence was breached.[60] He and Saraa discuss retaking Tel Aviv, which they say was originally Tel-Rabia.[26] The show ended with a song that declared: "We will never recognize Israel, until we liberate our homeland from the Zionist filth."
30213"Assoud Vs. Denmark"February 15, 2008 (2008-02-15)
Assoud rails against the Danish Jyllands-Posten cartoonists responsible for the Muhammad cartoons following their reprinting. He and Saraa discuss redeeming Muhammad "with [their] souls, [their] blood, and [their] hearts" with Amani, a call-in guest. They warn the cartoonists that "Allah shall pay them back for their mockery." Assoud asks "Do you boycott Israeli and Danish products?" and Saraa instructs Amani that "all of [them] will definitely boycott Danish products and even before that, [they] will boycott Israeli products."[59][61][62][63]
30314"Assoud's History Lesson"May 9, 2008 (2008-05-09)
Assoud visits his surviving grandfather (the first having been killed in episode 105) who explains to Assoud the history of the cities in Palestine. In answer to Assoud's questions about where the family had originally lived, Assoud's grandfather tells Assoud that they lived in Tel Al-Rabi'. Assoud tells the old man that "there's no such place called Tel Al-Rabi'." and Assoud inquires if he has "gone senile." Assoud's grandfather is very angry and exclaims that "My head still works just fine. Are you trying to confuse me? I'm not senile yet. I have documents and proof." The grandfather explains that "the Zionists and Jews Hebraicized the name to 'Tel Aviv.'" He goes on to say that "It has been Tel Al-Rabi' for generations, on the land of Palestine, right next to Yafa ... from the days of the British and even before." As proof the grandfather offers papers, documents, and land deeds covering the lands, fields, trees, and houses and claims that "I can even show you the key." The grandfather questions where the names currently in use had come from and suggests that "The name Tel Al-Rabi' has been forged by the Jews and Hebraicized to "Tel Aviv." They invented all these names. 'Ashdod' is, in fact, Isdud. 'Ashkelon' is, in fact, Al-Majdal. Al-Sab' is called 'Beer Sheva'! ... Yafa, Al-Lydd, Al-Ramla, Al-Sab', -they changed all these names and Hebraicized them." He concludes that "it's all a lie these are all pseudonyms" and this prompts Assoud to apologise that "it's not our fault. It's the fault of the school curricula."[64]
30415"Assoud Steals"July 11, 2008 (2008-07-11)
Assoud is tempted to steal "one or two bills" from his father's "stash," but is smitten with conscience. Shaitan then arrives and promises Assoud that "nobody would see you or know about this." Assoud relents and takes two bills despite Shaitan's recommendation to take three. Later, a call-in guest chides Assoud for his theft, explaining that his actions had "caused problems between [his] parents." The guest goes on to explain that "stealing leads to Hell," and then quotes the Muhammad in the Koran as having stated that "if my daughter Fatima had stolen, I would have chopped off her hand." Assoud is told that "If you were in Saudi Arabia now, they would chop off your hand." Saraa takes notes and discusses Assoud's punishment with call-in guests, Asmaa and Nur, who in deference to the Koran agree that Assoud's hand should be cut off. Assoud begs for mercy. On Assoud's request for clarification, Nur opines that if Saraa were to steal her hand should not be cut off, that he never stole so much as a shekel even as a child, and that if Assoud has repented and promised never to do it again then his hand should remain attached. Saraa offers as a compromise that "if we don't chop off his hand, maybe we should chop off his ear." Assoud again begs for mercy as Saraa smiles at the camera.[65]
30516"Assoud is Martyred"January 2, 2009 (2009-01-02)
Assoud is gravely injured during Israeli attacks on Gaza during the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict. He succumbs to his injuries and dies some time later in the hospital.[30]

Season 4: February–October 2009

# Total Title Original airdate
40117"Nassur Visits the Gaza Strip"February 13, 2009 (2009-02-13)
Nassur has arrived in Gaza Strip just in time to become Saraa's new co-host. In his debut episode, Nassur shares with the audience his reasons for coming. These reasons include becoming one of the mujahideen, becoming a member of the 'Izz Al-Din Al-Qassam Brigades, "wag[ing] Jihad," and "carry[ing] a gun." These activities will all be performed in order to "defend the children of Palestine".[31]
40218"Saraa's Song"March 20, 2009 (2009-03-20)
Tomorrow's Pioneers has broadcast Saraa's first music video as the central focus of one episode. In this video, Saraa sings about the Hamas youth movement, its presence in the schools, and of the division between Israel and Palestine. The video also features footage of children throwing fanciful darts at a Star of David as they sing that "death is honor and victory."[66]
40319"Nassur and the Children of Reem Riyashi"July 3, 2009 (2009-07-03)
Nassur and Saraa spend the day with the children of Palestinian suicide-bomber, Reem Riyashi, who is controversially described as shaheeda. The hosts have created a musical re-enactment video of Riyashi's preparation for martyrdom that they display for the children in an attempt to explain that "her homeland [was more precious than] her own flesh and blood." The episode ends with Riyashi's eldest daughter vowing to become a Jihadi martyr when she grows up, and then Saraa delivers a stern warning addressed to "the occupier" that they "will continue in the footsteps of ... Reem Riyashi ... until [they] liberate [their] homeland."[67]
40420"Nassur and the Expulsion of the Jews"September 22, 2009 (2009-09-22)
Nassur and Saraa have a disagreement about what the "expulsion" of the "Jews or Zionists" means. Saraa adopts the argument that they should be "chased away" and that "we don't want to do anything to them, just expel them from our land." Nassur, on the other hand, endorses the view that they should be "erased" and that "we want to slaughter them so they will be expelled from our land." Saraa eventually concedes, and the two compromised that "we will expel them from our land using all means, and if they don't want to go peacefully, by words or talking, we'll have to do it by slaughter." Nassur goes on to explain his plan that after the expulsion, Jerusalem will become a new Qaaba-like point of pilgrimage for Muslims.[68]
40521"Saraa and the Language of the Enemy"October 16, 2009 (2009-10-16)
Nassur and Saraa discuss with a call-in guest the merits of learning English and Hebrew. Saraa explains that "We ... want to know our enemies' language to know how to have contacts with them." Nassur also reveals that he knows Hebrew.[69]

Controversies

Criticisms and responses

The show, brought to Western attention by pro-Israel organizations such as Palestinian Media Watch and MEMRI, supposedly deals with Islamic traditions and lifestyles, some as innocuous as the importance of drinking milk, and Muslim customs such as performing one's daily prayers, but also advocates messages of Islamism such as "Resistance Jihad", and the loathing of Israel, the capitalist economic system, the United States, and Western world.[13]

According to Palestinian Media Watch, two animal character co-hosts, the Mickey Mouse look-alike Farfour and Nahoul the bee were used to "champion violence, promote hatred of Israel and preach about world Islamic supremacy." Later in the show's narrative, the characters were, as the show described it, "martyred," with the deaths either directly or implicitly blamed on "The Jews, Israel, Israelis, and/or what they believed to be Zionists."[70]

Criticisms concerning the content and methods employed in the broadcast of Tomorrow's Pioneers have come from a variety of sources. Israeli officials and critics from the Anti-Defamation League have denounced the program as incendiary and outrageous in content.[19] Watchdog groups, PMW and MEMRI have described the show as "anti-Israeli," and PMW has commented on the show's "champion[ing of] violence, promot[ion of] hatred of Israel and preach[ing] about world Islamic supremacy."[70] Within the Arabic community, critics have suggested that the show has potential to introduce bias in children at an age when they are unable to properly differentiate between political viewpoints.[71] Harsher Arabic and Palestinian critics have suggested that the show is nothing short of an attempt at the indoctrination of children.[72]

On the other hand, defenders of the show have suggested that the show's notoriety stands as yet more proof of the political motivations behind the anti-Arabist and Islamophobic subjection of Palestinians to the strictest scrutiny and subsequent generalizations of Arabs to support an improper negative stereotype. The argument has been advanced that "Israel is following all the Palestinians, large and small, and placing them under a microscope with a predefined concept of culture, media and religion. It only wants to catch up [Palestinians] and accuse them on themes of terrorism."[4] Criticism of the show has been regarded as criticism of Islam as a religion.[73]

Furthermore, proponents of the show claim that Saraa Barhoum is only an "innocent girl ... incapable of incitement."[74] It has also been suggested by a variety of sources that, holding judgment aside, the show's content is simply reflective of the realities of life in the occupied territory.[4][75][74] Relatedly, it is argued that Zionist critics in particular are disturbed by the fact that the show provides "Arab and Muslim children [with] the opportunity to participate in [a public forum context] to freely express their real feelings [regarding life in] Palestine."[74] Defenders of the show have argued that the reason for the harsh criticism the show has received is that unlike many Arabic television stations Al-Aqsa TV reflects a view of Palestinian thought unfettered by Western social mores.[76] The timing of certain critical publications has also been considered provocative.[74]

Removal by the Palestinian Ministry

After attracting international attention for its use of the Mickey Mouse-lookalike, Farfour, Palestinian Information Minister Mustafa Barghouti stated the use of the character was a "mistaken approach" and the program was pulled from Hamas-affiliated Al-Aqsa TV and placed under review at his ministry's request.[77]

Al-Aqsa TV board chairman Fathi Hamad replied that the station would neither pull the program, nor change the subject matter. He stated that "[t]his campaign of criticism is part of a plan orchestrated by the West and the occupying power to attack Islam on the one hand and the Palestinian cause on the other."[78][79] An Al-Aqsa TV representative responded to Barghouti's statements, saying that the station will continue to air the show and that "Barghouti misunderstood the issue."[75] In a later interview with Al-Aqsa TV, Hamad explained that "the vicious campaign that is being waged by the enemies, and especially the Zionist enemy and American imperialism, is not new. It comes from the framework of the vicious campaign against our Palestinian people as an addition to the siege placed on our people. Therefore, we are not surprised by this. They want the Palestinian people to renounce its Islamic religion and belief. In response, we say that whenever our Palestinian people resorted to its religion, Allah supported it. Therefore, we will not renounce our faith and our belief, and we will move forward for the sake of Allah. We are holding to this religion because it is the secret of our victory. They try, as much as they can... Not just by waging their attack on the religion in this context, in order to prevent the Islamic upbringing of Palestinian children, but they also want this people to renounce all its Islamic foundation. They are the ones who called to remove the Jihad verses that appear in the Palestinian school curricula. Therefore, we cannot accept this."[80]

Criticism from Disney

76-year-old Diane Disney Miller, Mickey Mouse creator Walt Disney's last surviving child, commented to the press that, "What we're dealing with here is pure evil and you can't ignore that." She further commented that, "It's not just [about] Mickey, it's [about] indoctrinating children like this, teaching them to be evil. The world loves children, and this is just going against the grain of humanity."[81]

In a response letter by Tomorrow's Pioneers director, Fathi Hammad, said: "Before ... [anyone] object[s] to our [program], we are trying to install in our children's memories the interest in [the] lift[ing of] the siege on our people and [the end of] support for the usurper entity of our land and killing our children. ... [T]he Palestinian people continue to struggle not indifferent to such [as] are left with the executioner and victim."[82] Nevertheless, the show's creators arranged the production of an episode shortly after in which Farfour was martyred off to be replaced by his bumble-bee brother, Nahoul. This arranged martyrdom came in direct response to actions by the Disney family.[83]

Several months later, Hamas television again made use of Disney characters, this time in a five-minute cartoon attacking Fatah. The clip depicted the competing movement and its former local leader Mohammed Dahlan as corrupt and anti-Islamic rats, while portraying Hamas as a confident lion based on the Simba character from the 1994 film The Lion King. While Hamas TV executive Hazam Sharawi said the clip was pulled for revising, including removal of the Dahlan depiction, he said there were no plans to remove reference to The Lion King.[84]

In September 2008, Fatah also began broadcasting a competing show targeting children on the Official PA TV network. This program also features use of Mickey and Minnie Mouse.[35]

Criticism from the United States

On April 1, 2008, Rep. Joseph Crowley submitted House Resolution No. 1069 in the United States House of Representatives, a resolution "[c]ondemning the use of television programming by Hamas to indoctrinate hatred, violence, and anti-Semitism toward Israel in young Palestinian children."[85][86] The resolution discusses Tomorrow's Pioneers by name, specifically stating that:

Whereas Hamas uses their television network, Al-Aqsa TV, to air a children's show 'Tomorrow's Pioneers' to breed new terrorists through hatred for Israel and Western nations; ... Whereas in February 2008, Hamas used a Bugs Bunny look-alike to indoctrinate children by inciting them toward hatred and violence by telling children that he 'will finish off the Jews and eat them'; Whereas in May 2007, Hamas used a Mickey Mouse look-alike in the same children's program to teach terrorist doctrines to children; ... the House of Representatives condemns Hamas for using a children's television program to incite hatred, violence, and anti-Semitism toward Israel; and demands that Hamas immediately suspend all television programming that incites hatred, violence, and anti-Semitism toward Israel ...[87]

Translation controversy

Several commentators, such as CNN's Arabic department, have claimed that the transcript of the April 13 show (2007) provided by MEMRI contains numerous translation errors and undue emphases.[88] Brian Whitaker, the Middle East editor for British newspaper The Guardian, wrote in a blog for the newspaper that in the translation of the video, showing Farfour eliciting political comments from a young girl named Sanabel, the MEMRI transcript misrepresents the segment where he asks what she will do, by attributing a sentence said by Farfour, ("I'll shoot"), to the child while ignoring the child's actual reply ("I'm going to draw a picture").[88][89] Whitaker further criticized MEMRI's translation. He and others commented that a statement uttered by the same child, ("We're going to [or want to] resist"), had been given an unduly aggressive interpretation by MEMRI as ("We want to fight"). Also, where MEMRI translated the girl as saying the highly controversial remark ("We will annihilate the Jews"), Whitaker and others, including Arabic speakers used by CNN, insist that based on careful listening to the low quality video clip, the girl is variously interpreted as saying, "The Jews [will] shoot[] us"[88] or "The Jews are killing us."[90] Other sources have also pointed out that MEMRI's translation "I will commit martyrdom" should more accurately have been "I'll become a martyr" – a passive statement rather than an active/aggressive threat.[91]

Conservative television host Glenn Beck had planned to run MEMRI's translation on his radio programme but was stopped by his producer. Beck then invited Yigal Carmon, a former colonel of IDF Intelligence and founder and President of MEMRI, on to the programme where Carmon denounced CNN's Arabic translation.[88]

MEMRI defends their translation of the show, Yigal Carmon declared, "Yes, we stand by the translation by the very words, by the context, by the syntax, and every measure of the translation."[90]

Reception and legacy

Flavorwire negatively reviewed the series as "an abomination of modern cinematic technology" stating that:[92]

"it’s shot as one long, static, droning cut, filmed almost entirely within a corner studio whose only décor is makeshift wallpaper of pastel foam alphabet floor mat blocks, and stars the worst Mickey Mouse knockoff ever. What it lacks visually, though, it makes up for in exciting content, regularly featuring such punchy lines as “How will you sacrifice your soul for the sake of Al-Aqsa?" Yikes".

Film Threat called the series "a non-stop assault on good taste and intelligence" criticizing the cheap production values and anti-Semitic remarks spewed by the characters[93] while The Jerusalem Post commented that the character Farfour was "far from lovable" as he was used to preach violence to children.[94]

The series was featured in a segment on a 2007 episode of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart.[95]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Islamic Rule Benefits Christians and Jews: Hamas Mickey Mouse Creator" by Itamar Marcus & Barbara Crook Archived 2007-06-27 at the Wayback Machine, Palestinian Media Watch, 2007-05-14
  2. ^ Kill 'all' Jews, Hamas TV host urges kids|The Times of Israel
  3. ^ a b c d e Edwards, David; Keshawi, Azmi (23 September 2007). "Jihad TV for kids". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e Ramadan, Mohammad. "ممثل يؤدي شخصية فرفور صوتيا فى برنامج رواد الغد الذي يعرض على فضائية الاقصى التابعة لحماس". IslamOnline. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  5. ^ برنامج عبر الأثير: أفنان وأغصان Archived 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Machine. Al-Aqsa Voice. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
  6. ^ a b "Politics - First, a militant mouse on Hamas show -- now, an 11-year-old radical - sacbee.com". 6 February 2008. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  7. ^ Namous, Fekry. موقع الشاعر فكرى ناموس Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine. Fekry-Namous.com. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
  8. ^ Marcus, Itamar and Crook, Barbara. Hamas to kids: Death is honor and victory Archived 2009-10-06 at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Media Watch. April 3, 2009.
  9. ^ Barhoum, Saraa. يا من يحرم أطياري. Blssm.net. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
  10. ^ a b Erlanger, Steven (2008-04-01). "In Gaza, Hamas's Insults to Jews Complicate Peace". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
  11. ^ a b "Farfour Is Caught Cheating". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 4. 2007-05-11.
  12. ^ a b Hadid, Diaa (8 May 2007). "Mickey Mouse look-alike spreads Hamas message". Toronto Star. Toronto ON. Associated Press. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  13. ^ a b c d "Hamas Mickey Mouse Teaches Jihad" (CGH/AP), Der Spiegel online, 2007-05-09
  14. ^ a b c "Farfour Is Caught Speaking English". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 1. 2007-04-13.
  15. ^ a b "Farfour and the AK-47". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 3. 2007-04-27.
  16. ^ a b "Farfour and the Jew". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 5. 2007-06-22. Archived from the original on 2007-07-03.
  17. ^ "Hamas TV show kills militant mouse character". CNN. June 30, 2007.
  18. ^ نهاية فرفور بطل (رواد الغد). Addounia Television. 3 July 2007. Archived February 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ a b Press Release, "Mickey Mouse Knockoff On Hamas TV Used To Indoctrinate Children Into Culture Of Hate" Archived 2007-05-14 at the Wayback Machine, Anti-Defamation League press center, 2007-05-09
  20. ^ "Disney explains reaction to Hamas use of Mickey Mouse image - USATODAY.com". usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
  21. ^ a b "Nahoul Descends". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 7. 2007-07-13.
  22. ^ a b 'Hamas TV: Jihad bumblebee replaces Farfour Mouse', The Jerusalem Post, July 16, 2007.
  23. ^ a b c "Nahoul's Rant". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 8. 2007-07-20.
  24. ^ a b c "Nahoul's Big Day Out". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 9. 2007-08-10.
  25. ^ 'London and Kirshenbaum', Israel 10, February 10, 2008
  26. ^ a b c d Nissan Ratzlav-Katz, "PA TV Bunny Rabbit Threatens to 'Eat the Jews'", Arutz Sheva, February 12, 2008 (6 Adar 5768).
  27. ^ a b c d "Assoud Arrives". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 11. 2008-02-01.
  28. ^ Hamas TV Bunny makes deathbed call for Palestine 'liberation,' By TORI CHEIFETZ, Jerusalem Post, Feb 6, 2009 [1]
  29. ^ Teaching tots terror: Hamas TV promotes culture of death for Palestinian children Tuesday, February 3rd 2009 [2]
  30. ^ a b "Assud the Bunny Dies in the Bombing of Al-Aqsa TV.", MEMRI, January 5, 2009 .
  31. ^ a b New Al-Aqsa TV Teddy Bear Nassur Vows to Join Military Wing of Hamas . MEMRITV.org. 13 February 2009.
  32. ^ "Ynetnews - News - sorry page". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  33. ^ "Internews Europe". Archived from the original on February 29, 2008.
  34. ^ "Al Aqsa TV & Radio Crew Abducted by Fatah " Security Services" in Tulkarem". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  35. ^ a b Marcus, Itmar and Crook, Barbara. Mickey Mouse Again - Disney images adorn studio while mass murderer glorified Archived 2008-11-20 at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Media Watch. 9 September 2008.
  36. ^ "A Mickey Mouse Character on Hamas TV Teaches Children about Islamic Rule of the World" Al-Aqsa TV (Palestinian Authority), MEMRI TV monitor project transcript and video, 2007-04-13.
  37. ^ "Hamas Al-Aqsa TV: A Mickey Mouse Character Teaches Children About the Islamic Rule of the World And to "Annihilate the Jews"". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  38. ^ "Hamas steals Mickey Mouse", Palestinian Media Watch, 2007-04-16.
  39. ^ a b c d "PMW Transcripts "Hamas Mouse: Blame the Jews" and "Hamas steals Mickey Mouse image to teach hate and Islamic supremacy"". Archived from the original on July 4, 2008.
  40. ^ "Farfour Vs. Bush, Olmert, & Condoleeza". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 2. 2007-04-20.
  41. ^ "Hamas Mickey is back on TV", Kuwait Times online, 2007-05-12
  42. ^ "Hamas TV Insists on Continuing Inciting Children TV Show" Al-Aqsa TV (Palestinian Authority), MEMRI TV monitor project transcript and video, 2007-05-11.
  43. ^ "'Mickey Mouse' Hamas: Christians & Jews under Islam rule", Palestinian Media Watch, 2007-05-11.
  44. ^ ORME Jr, WILLIAM A. (2001-05-11). "Another Gaza Day, Another Dead Child". The New York Times.
  45. ^ Associated Press. "Farfour Mouse dies in last episode." Reprinted by Jerusalem Post. 29 Jun 2007.
  46. ^ "Farfour, Hamas' Mickey Mouse Character, Is 'Martyred' in the Final Episode of the "Pioneers of Tomorrow" Children Show on Hamas TV" Al-Aqsa TV (Palestinian Authority), MEMRI TV monitor project transcript and video, 2007-06-29.
  47. ^ "Farfour, Hamas' Mickey Mouse Character, Is 'Martyred' in the Final Episode of the "Pioneers of Tomorrow" Children's Show on Hamas Al-Aqsa TV". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  48. ^ "Israel kill Hamas Mickey Mouse", Palestinian Media Watch, 2007-06-29.
  49. ^ a b c d "PMW Transcripts "Blood libels on Hamas TV", "Jihad Bee replaces Terror Mouse, vows revenge on "the enemies of Allah" - the Jews", "Hamas Kids TV: Fight the Jews and bring Resurrection", and "Hamas TV Mickey Mouse beaten to death by Israeli - becomes Martyr in final episode"". Archived from the original on February 28, 2008.
  50. ^ "Saraa and The Hadith". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 6. 2007-07-06.
  51. ^ "Hamas children show: Fight the Jews", Palestinian Media Watch, 2007-07-06.
  52. ^ "On Hamas Al-Aqsa TV, Nahoul the Bee Replaces Farfour the Mickey-Mouse Character, Vows to Continue Farfour's Path of Martyrdom, Jihad". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  53. ^ "Hamas Bee Nahoul Abuses Cats, Lions at Gaza Zoo, Calls for Liberation Of Al-Aqsa Mosque". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  54. ^ "Flinging cats by the tail on Hamas TV", Palestinian Media Watch, 2007-08-10.
  55. ^ "PMW Transcript "Hamas TV show abuses animals to teach kids lesson"". Archived from the original on February 3, 2008.
  56. ^ "Nahoul & Saraa's Feast of the Sacrifice Extravaganza". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 10. 2007-12-21.
  57. ^ "MEMRI Transcript "On Hamas TV Children's Program: Host Saraa Barhoum Sings 'We Will Meet Our Death with No Hesitation... Award Your Victory to Those Who Sacrifice Themselves, This is Your Wedding, Oh Martyr...'"". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  58. ^ "Hamas Children TV Bunny 'Assud' Replaces 'Martyred' Brother 'Nahoul the Bee,' Vows to Liberate Al-Aqsa, 'Eat Jews'". MEMRI.
  59. ^ a b "PMW Transcripts "Hamas rabbit to children: 'I'll finish off the Jews and eat them!'" and "Hamas Kids TV: Don't eat Danish food -- eat the Danes"". Archived from the original on March 11, 2008.
  60. ^ "New Hamas TV show features 'Jew-eating' Bugs Bunny lookalike - Haaretz - Israel News". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  61. ^ "Assoud Vs. Denmark". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 13. 2008-02-15.
  62. ^ al-Mughrabi, Nidal (February 15, 2008). "TV bunny rouses Gaza kids against Israel, Danes". Reuters. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
  63. ^ "Hamas Children TV Bunny Assud Urges Boycott of Danish Goods, Threatens to Kill Danes over Muhammad Cartoons". Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  64. ^ "Assoud's History Lesson". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 14. 2008-05-09.
  65. ^ "Assoud Steals". Tomorrow's Pioneers. Season 1. Episode 15. 2008-07-11.
  66. ^ Marcus, Itamar and Crook, Barbara. Hamas to kids: Death is honor and victory. Palestinian Media Watch. April 3, 2009.
  67. ^ Marcus, Itamar and Zilberdik, Nan Jacques. Hamas TV: Kids shown video of their mother's suicide bombing death. Palestinian Media Watch, 2009-07-09
  68. ^ Marcus, Itamar and Zilberdik, Nan Jacques. Hamas teaches kids to kill Jews. Palestinian Media Watch, 2009-09-23
  69. ^ English is the language of the enemy. Palestinian Media Watch, 2009-10-18
  70. ^ a b ' Hamas Kids TV: Don't eat Danish food -- eat the Danes' By Itamar Marcus And Barbara Crook Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Palestinian Media Watch, February 26, 2008
  71. ^ Nasser, Lugawiyan. فرفور يُطلُّ على أطفال فلسطين Archived 2007-06-24 at the Wayback Machine. Haifa Lana. 14 May 2007.
  72. ^ هل حفظنا أطفالنا في غزة من شر الروافض؟ Archived 2007-04-19 at archive.today. Al-Bainah. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
  73. ^ Al-Din, Bahaa. عندما ترعب "دمية" و"طفلة" كيانا "جيشه لا يقهر". Palestine Direct. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
  74. ^ a b c d Afana, Imad. إعلامنا الفلسطيني لماذا لا يتحول إلى فرافير كرمال عيون الأقصى !!. Al-Watan Voice. 12 May 2007.
  75. ^ a b Shubert, Atika. "Hamas kids TV show with militant mouse to air Friday", CNN.com, 2007-05-15
  76. ^ Zaqout, Emad. قناة الأقصى في خطر !!! Archived 2016-01-20 at the Wayback Machine. PAL Times. 3 July 2008. (republished in Al-Aqsa Voice)
  77. ^ "Hamas 'Mickey Mouse' pulled off air" (Associated Press), NBC News, 2007-05-10
  78. ^ AFP, "Hamas TV refuses to axe copycat Mickey Mouse", Yahoo.com news, 2007-05-10
  79. ^ MEMRI video Archived 2007-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
  80. ^ "Childrens Show on Hamas TV" Al-Aqsa TV (Palestinian Authority), MEMRI TV monitor project subtitled video, 2007-05-11.
  81. ^ "Disney condemns Hamas Mickey Mouse" Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine, ITN.com, 2007-05-09
  82. ^ رئيس شبكة الأقصى : لن نوقف بث برنامج رواد الغد و سياستنا واضحة في الدفاع عن قضيتنا. Palestine Direct. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
  83. ^ Musa, Imad. فرفور شهيداً!. NOW Lebanon. 4 July 2007.
  84. ^ "Hamas battle cartoon mimics 'Lion King'". International Herald Tribune. Associated Press. August 24, 2007.
  85. ^ الكونجرس يناقش اعتبار "الأقصى" و"عرب ونايل سات" منظمات إرهابية!!. IKHWA Online. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  86. ^ Rogin, Josh. Wexler Lauds Passage of Resolution Designating Hamas' al-Aqsa TV as a Terrorist Entity Archived 2008-11-24 at the Wayback Machine. From the Desk of Congressman Robert Wexler. 9 September 2008.
  87. ^ House Resolution 1069 Archived 2012-09-05 at archive.today. H.RES 1069 IH. 110th Congress, 2d Session. 1 April 2008.
  88. ^ a b c d "Arabic under fire" by Brian Whitaker, Guardian.co.uk, 2007-05-15
  89. ^ Mona Baker, 2010, Narratives of terrorism and security: ‘accurate’ translations, suspicious frames
  90. ^ a b "Paula Zahn Now" TV show transcript, CNN transcripts, aired 2007-05-08
  91. ^ Dean, W. Facts on the Ground Archived 2008-01-12 at the Wayback Machine. 14 May 2007.
  92. ^ The World's Creepiest Kids' TV Shows - Flavorwire
  93. ^ THE BOOTLEG FILES: TOMORROW’S PIONEERS - Film Threat
  94. ^ Analysis: Hamas' Mickey Mouse 'Farfur' is not funny - The Jerusalem Post
  95. ^ Farfour 2007-2007 - The Daily Show with Jon Stewart (Video Clip)|Comedy Central
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomorrow%27s_Pioneers&oldid=1255412706"