Trichomanes

Trichomanes
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Hymenophyllales
Family:	Hymenophyllaceae
Subfamily:	Trichomanoideae
Genus:	Trichomanes; L.
Type species
	Trichomanes scandens; L.
Synonyms
	Achomanes Neck. ; Bergera W.Schaffn. ex Fée ; Feea Bory ; Hemiphlebium C.Presl ; Holophlebium Christ ; Homoeotes C.Presl ; Hymenostachys Bory ; Lacostea Bosch ; Lecanium C.Presl ; Leptomanes Prantl ; Leucomanes C.Presl ; Maschalosorus Bosch ; Mortoniopteris Pic.Serm. ; Muelleria W.Schaffn. ex E.Fourn. ; Neuromanes Trevis. ; Neurophyllum C.Presl ; Odontomanes C.Presl ; Pteromanes Pic.Serm. ; Ptilophyllum Bosch ; Pyxidaria Gled. ; Ragatelus C.Presl ; Trigonophyllum (Prantl) Pic.Serm. ; Davalliopsis Bosch ; Trichomanes subg. Davalliopsis (Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. ;

Trichomanes is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns.^[2] The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water.

The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns.

Taxonomy

The genus Trichomanes was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.^[1] Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, saying that there are about 60 species.^[3] As of October 2019^[update], the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World listed about 70 species.^[1] Other sources, including Plants of the World Online as of October 2019^[update], treated Trichomanes as the only genus in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, so that it included all the other genera, and had about 250 species.^[4]

Phylogeny

Phylogeny of Trichomanes^[5]^[6]

Unassigned species:

(Feea)

	T. mougeotii Bosch

	T. trollii Bergdolt

T. diversifrons (Bory) Mett.

	T. botryoides Kaulf.

	T. osmundoides DC. ex Poir.

(Afrotrichomanes)

T. guineense Afzel. ex Swartz 1800

T. cupressoides Desv.

	T. boivinii Bosch

	T. madagascariense (Bosch) Moore

(Davalliopsis)

T. elegans Rich.

(Lacostea)

T. tanaicum Hook.

T. pedicellatum Desv.

	T. ankersii Parker

	T. tuerckheimii Christ

(Trichomanes)

section

T. hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze

	T. pinnatum Hedw.

	T. vittaria DC.

Neuromanes

T. cellulosum Klotzsch 1844

	T. bicorne Hook.

	T. spruceanum Hook.

T. arbuscula Desv.

	T. holopterum Kunze (Entire-winged bristle fern)

	T. roraimense Jenman

section

T. lucens Sw.

T. trigonum Desv.

	T. alatum Sw.

	T. scandens L.

	T. anadromum Rosenst.

	T. polypodioides L.

Trichomanes

section

	T. crinitum Sw.

	T. galeottii E.Fourn.

	T. crispum L.

	T. martiusii C.Presl

T. robustum E.Fourn.

T. crispiforme Alston

T. vandenboschii P.G.Windisch

T. accedens C.Presl

	T. egleri P.G.Windisch

	T. pilosum Raddi

Achomanes

Trichomanes anomalum Maxon & Morton
Trichomanes aureovestitum Proctor
Trichomanes bancroftii Hook. & Grev.
Trichomanes bissei C.Sánchez
Trichomanes caliginum Lellinger
Trichomanes crassipilis Weath.
Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.
Trichomanes dactylites Sodiro
Trichomanes delicatum Bosch
Trichomanes ebiharae Fraser-Jenk. & Kholia
Trichomanes guidoi P.G.Windisch
Trichomanes humboldtii (Bosch) Lellinger
Trichomanes jenmanii Lellinger
Trichomanes kalbreyeri Baker
Trichomanes killipii Weath.
Trichomanes laciniosum Alston
Trichomanes lozanoi M.T.Murillo
Trichomanes ludovicianum Rosenst.
Trichomanes macilentum Bosch
Trichomanes micayense Hieron.
Trichomanes murilloanum A.Rojas
Trichomanes padronii Proctor
Trichomanes paucisorum R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.
Trichomanes pellucens Kunze
Trichomanes pinnatifidum Bosch
Trichomanes plumosum Kunze
Trichomanes poeppigii C.Presl
Trichomanes procerum Fée
Trichomanes resinosum R.C.Moran
Trichomanes ribae Pacheco
Trichomanes sellowianum C.Presl
Trichomanes steyermarkii P.G.Windisch & A.R.Sm.
Trichomanes sublabiatum Bosch
Trichomanes superbum Bosch
Trichomanes trichopodium A.Rojas
Trichomanes vaupesensis Lellinger

Species formerly placed in this genus include:

Trichomanes angustatum Carmich. = Polyphlebium angustatum (Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
Trichomanes bauerianum Endl. = Callistopteris baueriana (Endl.) Copel – Bauer's bristle fern
Trichomanes boryanum Kunze 1840 = Cephalomanes atrovirens C.Presl
Trichomanes boschianum Sturm ex Bosch = Vandenboschia boschiana (J.W.Sturm ex Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. – Appalachian bristle fern
Trichomanes caudatum Brack. = Abrodictyum caudatum (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.
Trichomanes intricatum Farrar = Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley – Weft fern
Trichomanes melanopus Baker = Didymoglossum melanopus (Baker) Copel.
Trichomanes petersii A.Gray = Didymoglossum petersii (A. Gray) Copel. – Dwarf bristle fern
Trichomanes reniforme G.Forst = Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum Ebihara & K. Iwats.
Trichomanes speciosum Willd. = Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel
Trichomanes tenuissimum Bosch = Polyphlebium tenuissimum (Bosch) comb. ined.
Trichomanes venosum R.Br. = Polyphlebium venosum (R.Br.) Copel.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (August 2019). "Trichomanes". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.30. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
^ NRCS. "Trichomanes". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 Dec 2012.
^ PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229, S2CID 39980610
^ "Trichomanes L.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-10-06
^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.6.0 [GenBank release 259]. 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.

[CFLW-1] Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (August 2019). "Trichomanes". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 8.30. Retrieved 2020-06-25.

[2] NRCS. "Trichomanes". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 12 Dec 2012.

[PPGI-3] PPG I (2016), "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns", Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 54 (6): 563–603, doi:10.1111/jse.12229, S2CID 39980610

[POWO_325963-2-4] "Trichomanes L.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-10-06

[5] Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.

[6] "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.6.0 [GenBank release 259]. 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.

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