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| Triyuginarayan Temple | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Rudraprayag |
| Deity | Vishnu, Shiva and Parvati |
| Location | |
| Location | Triyuginarayan |
| State | Uttarakhand |
| Country | India |
| Architecture | |
| Type | North Indian Architecture |
| Creator | Unknown |
| Completed | Ancient (unknown) |
Triyuginarayan Temple (Sanskrit: त्रियुगी-नारायण) is a Hindu temple located in the Triyuginarayan village in Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, India. The ancient temple is dedicated to god Vishnu. Its fame is credited to the legend of god Shiva’s marriage to goddess Parvati witnessed by Vishnu at this venue and is thus a popular Hindu pilgrimage sites.[1][2] A special feature of this temple is a perpetual fire, that burns in front of the temple. The flame is believed to burn from the times of the divine marriage.[3] Thus, the temple is also known as Akhand Dhuni temple.
The temple courtyard is also the source of a water stream, which fills three sacred bathing ponds (kunds) nearby.[4]
Etymology
[edit]The temple courtyard is also the source of a stream, which feeds the four sacred bathing ponds (kunds) located nearby.[5] The term "Triyugi Narayan" is derived from three words "tri" meaning three, "yugi" denoting a period of time - a yuga and "Narayana" another name for Vishnu. Pilgrims have been offering wood to the fire in the havan-kund (fireplace) for three yugas - hence, the place is named "Triyugi Narayan".[6] In Hindu philosophy a yuga is the name of an era within the cycle of four yugas. The four yugas are Satya Yuga (1,728,000 human years), Treta Yuga (1,296,000 years), Dvapara Yuga (864,000 years) and finally Kali Yuga (432,000 years), which is the current age.[1] [7]
The name "Akhand Dhuni temple" also originates from the eternal flame legend, "Akhand" means perpetual and "Dhuni" means flame.
Legend
[edit]
According to Hindu dharma, goddess Parvati was daughter of Himavat or Himavan – the personification of the Himalayas. She was the rebirth of Sati, the first wife of Shiva – who sacrificed her life when her father insulted Shiva. Parvati initially tried to allure Shiva by her beauty, but failed. Finally, she won Shiva by practising rigorous penance at Gauri Kund, which is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Triyuginarayan. Pilgrims visiting Triyuginaryan temple also visit the Gauri Kund temple, dedicated to Parvati, which is the base camp for trek to Kedarnath Temple.[8] Shivpuran states that Shiva proposed to Parvati at Guptakashi, before they got married in the small Triyuginarayan village at the confluence of Mandakini and Sone-Ganga rivers.[9]
Triyuginarayan is believed to be the capital of Himavat. It was the venue of the celestial marriage of Shiva and Parvati, during the Satya Yuga, witnessed in the presence of the holy fire that still burns eternally in front of the temple in a Havana-kund or Agni-kund, a four-cornered fireplace on the ground. Vishnu formalised the wedding and acted as Parvati's brother in the ceremonies, while the creator-god Brahma acted as the priest of the wedding, that was witnessed by all the sages of the times. The exact location of the wedding is marked by a stone called Brahma Shila, in front of the temple.[2][10][11] The greatness of this place is also recorded in a sthala-purana (a scripture specific to a pilgrimage centre). According to the scripture, pilgrims who visit this temple consider the ashes from the burning fire as holy and carry it with them.[12] It is also believed that ashes from this fire are supposed to promote conjugal bliss.[1][2] Before the marriage ceremony, there were no people who witnessed the incident, the gods are believed to have taken bath in four kunds or small ponds namely, Rudra-kund, Vishnu-kund and Brahma-kund. The inflow into the three kunds is from the Saraswati-kund, which – according to legend – originated from Vishnu's navel. Hence, the water of these kunds is considered to cure infertility. The ashes from Havana-kund are supposed to promote conjugal bliss.[2]
Structure
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The Triyuginarayan temple resembles the temple of Kedarnath in architectural style and hence attracts a lot of devotees. The present shrine is also called as Akhand Dhuni temple. It is believed to have been built by Adi Shankaracharya. Adi Shankaracharya is credited with building many temples in the Uttarakhand region. The shrine houses a silver, 2-foot image of god Vishnu (Narayana), accompanied with consort – goddess of wealth Lakshmi and the goddess of music and learning – Saraswati.[11]
In front of the temple, the havana-kund with the eternal flame - the witness of the wedding of Shiva and Parvati - is situated. Devotees add samidha (sacrificial offerings of wood) to the flame and collect the ashes as blessings. A stone called the Brahma Shila – in front of temple – is regarded as the exact spot of the divine marriage.[11] A water stream called Saraswati Ganga originates in the courtyard of the temple. It fills all the holy ponds in the vicinity.[3] The ponds of Rudra Kund, Vishnu Kund, Brahma Kund and Saraswati Kund are holy spots situated near the temple. Rudra Kund is for bathing, Vishnu for cleansing, Brahma for sipping and Saraswati for offering libations.
Geography
[edit]The Triyuginarayan Temple is located at an altitude of 1,980 metres (6,500 ft) about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Sonprayag, the confluence of Mandakini and Songanga rivers.[9] The geographical belt is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from Sonprayag that extends to 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) between Triyugninarayan and Toshi villages with an average altitude of 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) that has favourable agro-climatic conditions for growing horticultural crops such as apple and stone fruits. During the three winter months, the area is covered by snow.[13]
Access
[edit]Access to the Triyuginarayan village where the temple is located is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Sonprayag on motorable road till the temple. There exist a few trek routes too, like a short trek of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) via Sonprayag on the Ghuttur –Kedarnath bridle path that passes through thick forest area is involved to reach the temple precincts. From Kedarnath, which is to the north of this temple the total trekking distance is about 25 kilometres (16 mi). Ghuttur is around 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Sonprayag, which is connected by road with Haridwar and other important hill stations of the Garhwal and Kumaon Hills. The nearest airport is Dehra Dun, 244 kilometres (152 mi) from Triyuginarayan, but it is better to start the journey from Delhi. Rishikesh is the nearest railway station, 261 kilometres (162 mi) from the site.[10][14]
The Triyuninarayan temple is also accessed by trekking. A popular trekking or excursion route followed is from Mussoorie. The trek route followed from Mussorie, which involves 17 days of trekking, passes through Tehri, Mala (road point), Belak, Budakedar-Ghuttu-Panwali Kanta, Triyuginarayan and Kedarnath in that order.[15][16] Apart from this trekking route, the Department of Tourism, Government of Uttarakhand, to encourage tourism has identified and developed six major circuits, which includes the Rudraprayag–Kedarnath circuit, covering temples at Rudraprayag, Tungnath, Okhimath, Madhyamaheshwar, Guptkashi, Triyuginarayan and Kedarnath, along the Mandakini River valley. This circuit involves a total trekking of 69 kilometres (43 mi), in addition to road journey.[17]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Places of worship: Vishnu Temple". Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Triyuginarayan". National Informatic Centre. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ a b "Temples Attached to Shri Kedarnath Temple". Shri Badrinath Shri Kedarnth Temple Committee. 2006. Retrieved 12 August 2009.
- ^ Singh, Ankit. "Triyuginarayan Temple: A Sacred Place". Manchala Mushafir. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
- ^ "Triyuginarayan Temple, Kedarnath - Timings, Accessibility, Best Time to Visit". Trawell.in. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
- ^ Maharaj, Bhakti Prajnan Yati (1979). Sanatana Dharma. Sree Gaudiya Math.
- ^ Elphinston, Mount Stuart; Edward Byles Cowell (1866). History of India. J. Murray. p. 150. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
History of India by Elphinston.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Gauri Kund
- ^ a b Roma Bradnock (2000). Indian Himalaya handbook. Footprint Travel Guides. pp. 113–114. ISBN 9781900949798.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b "Triyuginarayan Temple". Kedarnath.com. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ a b c Bansal, Sunita Pant (2008). Hindu Pilgrimage. Pustak Mahal. p. 31. ISBN 978-81-223-0997-3.
- ^ Mittal, Sushil; G.R.Thursby (2004). The Hindu world. Routledge. p. 480. ISBN 9780415215275. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Vishwambhar Prasad Sati (1905). Horticultural Development in Hills. Mittal Publications. p. 99. ISBN 9788170999430. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Sushil Mittal, G. R.Thursby (2004). The Hindu World. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-21527-7.
- ^ Thadani, Prem.K (1993). Chronicles of the Doon Valley, an environmental exposé. Indus Publishing. p. 132. ISBN 9788185182841.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ "Triyuginarayan". Retrieved 14 August 2009.
- ^ "Tourism Today The College of Tourism and Hotel Management Number 5 Autumn 2005" (PDF). Tourism pattern in Uttaranchal: cure for seasonality syndrome. pp. 79–90. Retrieved 14 August 2009.