Underwater Hockey World Championships

Underwater Hockey World Championships
Tournament information
SportUnderwater Hockey
Established1980; 44 years ago (1980)
FormatSingle round robin then playoffs
Current champion
Elite
New Zealand New Zealand (men's; 2023)
Australia Australia (women's; 2023)
Masters
United States United States (men's; 2023)
France France (women's; 2023)
U-24
New Zealand New Zealand (men's; 2024)
New Zealand New Zealand (women's; 2024)
U-19
New Zealand New Zealand (men's; 2024)
Australia Australia (women's; 2024)

The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey. The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.

History

[edit]

The championship was first held in 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada after the intended initial championship scheduled for 1979 was beset by difficulties and ultimately postponed, due to the invitation of a team from South Africa and the problems associated with apartheid.[citation needed]

Subsequently, a world championship has been held every two years in locations around the world up until 2006. 2006 saw many CMAS-affiliated national federations as well as the majority of the CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission members in dispute with CMAS over policy and governance matters concerning underwater hockey. Out of the divide the World Aquachallenge Association (WAA) - an alternative governing body - was born.[1]

In 2007 CMAS intended to incorporate the Underwater Hockey World Championship into its inaugural World Games event in Bari, Italy, an ambitious event intended to showcase all of the underwater disciplines (Underwater Rugby, Finswimming etc) governed by them in one place. As far as underwater hockey goes this event was poorly attended, in part due to it being 'out of synch' with many affiliated federations' training calendars and budgets. The following year - the 'normal' world championship year - the WAA organised their 'rival' 1st World Championship event in Durban, South Africa. This is now held by many to have been the official 2008 World Championship despite it being poorly attended too, in part this time because CMAS organised a major underwater hockey 'zone' event to be held in Istanbul, Turkey on exactly the same dates meaning a majority of European federations were forced to choose which championship their representative teams attended.[citation needed]

The WAA was short-lived and since 2008 CMAS has once again administered all the world championship events in various age/gender divisions with the most recent having been held in Quebec City, Canada in 2018. World championships in the different age categories are now scheduled for every second year.[2]

Editions summary

[edit]

Championships conducted by CMAS

[edit]

Source:[3]

Key Cancelled[a]

Senior

[edit]
Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Ref.
1980 July 12 – 16 1st World Championship Canada Vancouver, Canada[5] 5 Men's Netherlands Netherlands United Kingdom Great Britain Australia Australia Canada Canada [6]
1982 February 20 – 25 2nd World Championship Australia Brisbane, Australia[7] 2 Men's Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand — — [6]
3 Women's Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand Canada Canada —
1984 May 1 – 10 3rd World Championship United States Chicago, United States[8] 8 Men's Australia Australia Netherlands Netherlands United Kingdom Great Britain United States United States [6]
Women's Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand United States United States Canada Canada
1986 April 16 – 27 4th World Championship Australia Adelaide, Australia[9] 7 Men's Canada Canada Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand Netherlands Netherlands [6]
2 Women's Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand — —
1988 April 5 – 13 5th World Championship Netherlands Amersfoort, Netherlands[10] 9 Men's Australia Australia Netherlands Netherlands Canada Canada New Zealand New Zealand [6]
Women's New Zealand New Zealand United States United States Australia Australia United Kingdom Great Britain
1990 May 31 – June 9 6th World Championship Canada Montreal, Canada[11] 9 Men's Australia Australia United Kingdom Great Britain Canada Canada New Zealand New Zealand [6]
Women's Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand United States United States United Kingdom Great Britain
1992 May 12 – 20 7th World Championship New Zealand Wellington, New Zealand[12] 9 Men's Elite Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain [6]
Men's Masters Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand — —
Women's South Africa South Africa Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain
1994 April 17 – 24 8th World Championship France Grand Couronne, France[13] 10 Men's Elite Australia Australia South Africa South Africa United States United States France France [6]
Men's Masters South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain Australia Australia France France
Women's Australia Australia South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain France France
1996 July 11 – 20 9th World Championship South Africa Durban, South Africa[14] 11 Men's Elite Australia Australia South Africa South Africa New Zealand New Zealand Netherlands Netherlands [6]
Men's Masters South Africa South Africa Australia Australia United Kingdom Great Britain United States United States
Women's South Africa South Africa Australia Australia France France New Zealand New Zealand
1998 June 4 – 13 10th World Championship United States San José, United States[15] 14 Men's Elite France France South Africa South Africa Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand [6]
Men's Masters South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain United States United States Australia Australia
Women's Elite South Africa South Africa Australia Australia United States United States Canada Canada
Women's Masters South Africa South Africa United States United States United Kingdom Great Britain —
2000 April 25 – 29 11th World Championship Australia Hobart, Australia[16] 15 Men's Elite Australia Australia France France Canada Canada South Africa South Africa [6]
Men's Masters Australia Australia South Africa South Africa New Zealand New Zealand United States United States
Women's Elite Australia Australia Canada Canada South Africa South Africa United States United States
Women's Masters South Africa South Africa Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain
2002 July 20 – 28 12th World Championship Canada Calgary, Canada[17] 13 Men's Elite Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand France France Netherlands Netherlands [6]
Men's Masters United States United States South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain Canada Canada
Women's Elite Australia Australia Canada Canada South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain
Women's Masters South Africa South Africa Australia Australia United States United States United Kingdom Great Britain
Youth United Kingdom Great Britain United States United States Canada Canada —
2004 March 22 – 31 13th World Championship New Zealand Christchurch, New Zealand[18] 9 Men's: Elite New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia France France Netherlands Netherlands [6]
Men's: Masters United States United States Australia Australia France France United Kingdom Great Britain
Men's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain Australia Australia United States United States
Women's: Elite Netherlands Netherlands New Zealand New Zealand South Africa South Africa France France
Women's: Masters United States United States Australia Australia France France United Kingdom Great Britain
Women's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain South Africa South Africa —
2006 August 15 – 24 14th World Championship United Kingdom Sheffield, United Kingdom[19][20] 17 Men's: Elite New Zealand New Zealand Netherlands Netherlands France France Australia Australia [21][6]
Men's: Masters United States United States South Africa South Africa France France United Kingdom Great Britain
Men's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain France France Canada Canada
Women's: Elite Australia Australia South Africa South Africa Netherlands Netherlands United Kingdom Great Britain
Women's: Masters United States United States United Kingdom Great Britain Canada Canada —
Women's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain South Africa South Africa —
2007 July 31 – August 4 Disputed 15th World Championship
(Part of 1st CMAS Games) 		Italy Bari, Italy[22] 6[23] Men's: Elite France France Turkey Turkey Unknown [24]
4[23] Women's: Elite France France Turkey Turkey Unknown
2009[b] August 21 – 29 16th World Championship Slovenia Kranj, Slovenia[25][26] 12 Men's: Elite France France South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain Turkey Turkey [6][27]
7 Women's: Elite United Kingdom Great Britain South Africa South Africa Unknown
2011 August 16 – 27 17th World Championship Portugal Coimbra, Portugal[28][29] 10 Men's: Elite Australia Australia South Africa South Africa Colombia Colombia France France [6]
8 Women's: Elite United Kingdom Great Britain Australia Australia Unknown
2013 August 23 – September 1 18th World Championship[30] Hungary Eger, Hungary[31] 15 Men's: Elite France France New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia United Kingdom Great Britain [32][6][33]
9 Men's: Masters Australia Australia Netherlands Netherlands United Kingdom Great Britain Unknown
16 Women's: Elite New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain Unknown Australia Australia
6 Women's: Masters Australia Australia South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain Unknown
2016 March 22 – April 2 19th World Championship South Africa Stellenbosch, South Africa
[citation needed] 		14 Men's: Elite Australia Australia Turkey Turkey United Kingdom Great Britain Colombia Colombia [34]
13 Men's: Masters Australia Australia United Kingdom Great Britain France France Netherlands Netherlands
9 Women's: Elite South Africa South Africa New Zealand New Zealand France France Colombia Colombia
8 Women's: Masters Australia Australia South Africa South Africa Colombia Colombia France France
2018 July 18 – 28 20th World Championship Canada Quebec City, Canada[35] 14 Men's: Elite New Zealand New Zealand France France Turkey Turkey United Kingdom Great Britain [36]
13 Men's: Masters France France South Africa South Africa Canada Canada United Kingdom Great Britain
9 Women's: Elite New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain Colombia Colombia South Africa South Africa
6 Women's: Masters France France Australia Australia Colombia Colombia Canada Canada
2020,
moved to 2021 		July 20– August 1 21st World Championship
cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic 		Australia Gold Coast, Australia N/A Men's: Elite N/A
Men's: Masters N/A
Women's: Elite N/A
Women's: Masters N/A
2022 July 23 – 31 World Cup
(International Restart Event)[c] 		Turkey Ankara, Turkey Men's: Elite Unknown
Men's: Masters Unknown
Women's: Elite Unknown
Women's: Masters Unknown
2023[d] July 18 – 30 21st World Championship Australia Gold Coast, Australia 12 Men's: Elite New Zealand New Zealand France France United Kingdom Great Britain Turkey Turkey [38]
8 Men's: Masters United States United States France France New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia
13 Women's: Elite Australia Australia France France Colombia Colombia United Kingdom Great Britain
5 Women's: Masters France France Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand United States United States

Junior

[edit]
Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Ref.
2013 August 23 – September 1 2nd Junior World Championship[e] Hungary Eger, Hungary 6 Men's: U-23 New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia Colombia Colombia France France [32][6][33]
7 Men's: U-19 Colombia Colombia New Zealand New Zealand France France Australia Australia
5 Women's: U-23 New Zealand New Zealand Colombia Colombia United Kingdom Great Britain Turkey Turkey
4 Women's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand Colombia Colombia South Africa South Africa Australia Australia
2015 August 6 – 15 3rd Junior World Championship Spain Castello de la Plana, Spain 8 Men's: U-23 Turkey Turkey Australia Australia New Zealand New Zealand Colombia Colombia [6][39]
10 Men's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand France France Colombia Colombia United Kingdom Great Britain
8 Women's: U-23 Colombia Colombia Netherlands Netherlands United Kingdom Great Britain Australia Australia
8 Women's: U-19 South Africa South Africa New Zealand New Zealand France France Colombia Colombia
2017 July 15 – 23 4th Junior World Championship Australia Hobart, Australia 10 Men's: U-23 Turkey Turkey France France Colombia Colombia New Zealand New Zealand [40][41]
9 Men's: U-19 France France United Kingdom Great Britain New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia
8 Women's: U-23 New Zealand New Zealand Colombia Colombia South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain
7 Women's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia South Africa South Africa Colombia Colombia
2019 August 14 – 24 5th Junior World Championship United Kingdom Sheffield, United Kingdom 11 Men's: U-24 Turkey Turkey United Kingdom Great Britain New Zealand New Zealand South Africa South Africa [42]
7 Men's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand United Kingdom Great Britain Spain Spain South Africa South Africa
7 Women's: U-24 New Zealand New Zealand France France South Africa South Africa United Kingdom Great Britain
5 Women's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand Colombia Colombia France France United Kingdom Great Britain
2021,
moved to 2022 		July 23 – 31 World Cup
(International Restart Event)[c][f] 		Turkey Ankara, Turkey[g] Men's: U-24 Unknown
Men's: U-19 Unknown
Women's: U-24 Unknown
Women's: U-19 Unknown
2024 July 16 – 27 6th Junior World Championship Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Men's: U-24 New Zealand New Zealand Australia Australia United Kingdom Great Britain France France [43]
Men's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand France France Turkey Turkey Australia Australia
Women's: U-24 New Zealand New Zealand France France Colombia Colombia Turkey Turkey
Women's: U-19 Australia Australia France France New Zealand New Zealand Colombia Colombia

Championships conducted by WAA

[edit]

The 1st WAA World Championships is considered by some as being the legitimate 15th Championships.[44]

Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions Runners-up Third place Fourth place Ref.
2008 April 25 – May 3 Alternative 15th World Championship and 1st Junior World Championship South Africa Durban, South Africa[45][44] 10 Men's: Elite France France New Zealand New Zealand South Africa South Africa Australia Australia [6][46]
Men's: Masters South Africa South Africa Netherlands Netherlands France France United Kingdom Great Britain
Men's: U-19 Spain Spain New Zealand New Zealand South Africa South Africa Colombia Colombia
Women's: Elite Australia Australia South Africa South Africa Netherlands Netherlands New Zealand New Zealand
Women's: U-19 New Zealand New Zealand Colombia Colombia South Africa South Africa Spain Spain

Results by nation

[edit]
Key Most successful in given category
Nation Titles Men's Elite Women's Elite Men's Masters Women's Masters Men's U-23/24 Women's U-23/24 Men's U-19 Women's U-19
 Australia 27 11: 1982, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2016 9: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008[h], 2023 4: 1992, 2000, 2013, 2016 2: 2013, 2016 1: 2024
 New Zealand 24 4: 2004, 2006, 2018, 2023 3: 1988, 2013, 2018 2: 2013, 2024 4: 2013, 2017, 2019, 2024 5: 2004, 2006, 2015, 2019, 2024 6: 2004, 2006, 2008,[h] 2013, 2017, 2019
 South Africa 11 4: 1992, 1996, 1998, 2016 3: 1996, 1998, 2008[h] 3: 1998, 2000, 2002 1: 2015
 France 10 5: 1998, 2007, 2008,[h] 2009, 2013 1: 2007 1: 2018 2: 2018, 2023 1: 2017
 United States 6 4: 2002, 2004, 2006, 2023 2: 2004, 2006
 Turkey 3 3: 2015, 2017, 2019
 Great Britain 2: 2009, 2011 1: 2002
 Colombia 2 1: 2015 1: 2013
 The Netherlands 1: 1980 1: 2004
 Canada 1 1: 1986
 Spain 1: 2008[h]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The 2020 World Championships, later moved to 2021, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]
  2. ^ Due to the 2007–08 CMAS–WAA dispute, preceded World Championships occurred on odd years.
  3. ^ a b The 2022 Underwater Hockey World Cup, originally intended to be the 6th Junior World Championship and held in 2021, was the first major international tournament since the COVID-19 pandemic. The competition was reformatted to serve as an international restart tournament for all nations teams, elite, masters, and youth. The tournament will serve as a warm up to the 21st World Championship in 2023 and 6th Junior World Championship in 2024. Winners of the tournament were not crowned world champions.[37]
  4. ^ Originally scheduled for 2020
  5. ^ Held simultaneously with 18th World Championship
  6. ^ Held simultaneously with elite and masters World Cup
  7. ^ Originally to be held in Istanbul
  8. ^ a b c d e WAA

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2008 Meeting Minutes" (PDF). WAA. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  2. ^ "About Underwater Hockey". CMAS.
  3. ^ "Championships Archive".
  4. ^ "🇦🇺 21th [sic] CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships. Gold Coast, Australia – Suspended". 29 March 2021.
  5. ^ "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "World Championship Results". 19 April 2012.
  7. ^ "1982 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Brisbane, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  8. ^ "1984 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Chicago, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  9. ^ "1986 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Adelaide, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  10. ^ "1988 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  11. ^ "1990 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Montreal, Quebec, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  12. ^ "1992 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Wellington, New Zealand". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  13. ^ "1994 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  14. ^ "1996 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Durban, South Africa<". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  15. ^ "1998 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - San Jose, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  16. ^ "2000 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  17. ^ "2002 World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Calgary, Alberta, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  18. ^ "2004 World Underwater Hockey Championship FINAL - Christchurch, New Zealand, 22nd to 31st March 2004". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  19. ^ "2006 - 14th World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Sheffield, United Kingdom 15th August to 24th August 2006". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  20. ^ "2006 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships, Sheffield, UK (Official Website)". 2006 World Championship Committee. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  21. ^ "Home". uwhworlds2006.net.
  22. ^ "1st CMAS World Games Underwater Hockey Tournament Bari, Italy - 31st July to 4th August 2007". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  23. ^ a b "🌎 Tiempo de Hockey Subacuático". 25 April 2008.
  24. ^ "Quebec 2018 #18 - NZL-TUR semi-final Prologue". 19 January 2019.
  25. ^ "2nd CMAS WORLD GAMES UNDERWATER HOCKEY TOURNAMENT Kranj, Slovinia - 21st to 29th August 2009". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  26. ^ "KRANJ 16th CMAS UNDERWATER HOCKEY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  27. ^ Kirby, Ken (2009-08-29). "BOA Bulletin 172; Congratulations to GB Squads in Slovenia". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
  28. ^ "3rd CMAS World Underwater Hockey Games (17th World Championship) Elite Teams Tournament Coimbra, Portugal, 16th to 27th August 2011". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  29. ^ "17th Underwater Hockey World Championship". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  30. ^ "18th CMAS WC 2013 Initial Groups" (PDF). CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  31. ^ "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger - Hungary. Information Pack is out". CMAS. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  32. ^ a b "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger- Hungary. Information Pack is out".
  33. ^ a b Stillwell, Andrew (2013-09-18). "18th World Championships Summary (Bulletin 231)". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
  34. ^ "🇿🇦 Final Results 19th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championship. South Africa 2016". 2 April 2016.
  35. ^ "2018 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada". www.cmas.com. 27 November 2018.
  36. ^ "Underwater Hockey Scores".
  37. ^ "🇹🇷 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Cup – Istambul, Turkey 2022". 26 March 2022.
  38. ^ "Loading - UWH Portal". 20 July 2023.
  39. ^ "login screen". www.cmas.org. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  40. ^ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
  41. ^ "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
  42. ^ "Overall Results".
  43. ^ "CMAS 6th Underwater Hockey Age Group World Championship - UWH Portal". 19 July 2024.
  44. ^ a b "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  45. ^ "World Championship results". World Aquachallenge Association. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  46. ^ Mitchell, Alun. "International UWH competitions press release (bulletin 140)". Archived from the original on 2024-05-28.
[edit]