Upheaval Dome

Upheaval Dome
Oblique aerial view of Upheaval Dome, 2012
Impact crater/structure
Confidence	Confirmed
Diameter	10 km (6.2 mi)
Age	<170 Ma Middle Jurassic or younger
Exposed	Yes
Drilled	Yes
Location
Location	Canyonlands National Park
Coordinates	38°26′13″N 109°55′45″W / 38.43694°N 109.92917°W / 38.43694; -109.92917
Country	United States
State	Utah
District	San Juan County
Location of Upheaval Dome in Utah Show map of the United States Upheaval Dome (Utah) Show map of Utah

Upheaval Dome is an enigmatic geological structure in San Juan County, Utah, United States, that has been variously interpreted as a meteorite impact structure or a salt dome. The structure lies 22 miles (35 km) southwest of the city of Moab, Utah, in the Island in the Sky section of Canyonlands National Park.

Upheaval Dome is approximately 6.2 mi (10 km) in diameter and the crater is known to be less than 170 million years old (Jurassic or younger, but how much younger is not established.) The crater is clearly visible on the surface as light and dark brown concentric rings.

Stratigraphically, the oldest formation exposed in the center of the dome is the Permian Organ Rock Shale. This is overlain by the Permian White Rim Sandstone. Both are sometimes considered part of the Cutler Formation. Overlying these are the Triassic Moenkopi Formation (which is bounded top and bottom by unconformities), the Chinle Formation, the cliff-forming Wingate Sandstone, the Kayenta Formation, and the crossbedded Triassic-Jurassic Navajo Sandstone.^[1]

Structurally, the dome is anomalous. Most of the rock strata of Canyonlands National Park are flat-lying or gently dipping with the exception of a series of linear salt walls and associated synclines. Upheaval Dome is a circular, dome-shaped structure. Some strata near the center are nearly vertical in orientation. Dips of 70 degrees have been measured in the Kayenta Formation on the U-shaped plateau surrounding the center of the structure. A syncline surrounds the center, where the axis forms a complete circle approximately two miles across. The syncline is primarily visible in the Navajo Sandstone. Another anticline has been mapped to the north of this ring syncline, which is also concentric with it.^[1]

There were two well-known theories as to the origin of the upheaval. One theory was the upheaval is a salt dome, an anticlinal structure which occurs when a salt diapir is pushed up by the weight of overlying rocks.

The currently-accepted theory is an interpretation of the dome as an eroded impact crater, like the much younger Meteor Crater near Winslow, Arizona. In the 1990s, a team of geologists and seismologists from NASA and the University of Nevada at Reno performed a detailed study that included seismic refraction and rock mapping. The results of this study support the meteorite theory.^[2][3] In 2008, it was announced that shocked quartz was discovered in addition to the numerous impact-related features described by Kriens et al. in 1998. ^[4]

• 
  Oblique air photo facing southeast from about 30,000 ft.
• 
  Upheaval Dome as seen from the rim of the crater.
• 
  Syncline in Navajo Sandstone visible from the Syncline Campsite on the northwest side of the structure, facing south
• 
  Steeply dipping rock strata near the center of the dome

Panoramic photo of the dome taken from the second overlook point on the Upheaval Dome overlook trail

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Upheaval Dome.

• Upheaval dome on PASSC Earth Impact Database Archived 2016-03-02 at the Wayback Machine
• U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service Upheaval Dome
• Shocked Quartz discovery
• Aerial Exploration of the Upheaval Dome impact crater