Viscum minimum
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (January 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Viscum minimum | |
---|---|
Viscum minimum leaf scales and flowers emerging from the host plant. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Santalales |
Family: | Santalaceae |
Genus: | Viscum |
Species: | V. minimum |
Binomial name | |
Viscum minimum | |
Synonyms[1] | |
|
Viscum minimum is a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae.[1][2] It is a parasitic plant native to South Africa.
Description
[edit]In its native habitat Viscum minimum uses two species of succulents, Euphorbia polygona and Euphorbia horrida, as host plants. However, given the opportunity, the plant uses a range of succulents, including cacti, as hosts.
A mature Viscum minimum consists mostly of haustoria within the host plant, with small stems of less than one millimeter in length each with a single whorl of 2-3 scale-like leaves. A single flower, and later a red round fruit with a diameter of 8-9 millimeters, emerges from these stems. The leaves and stems are capable of photosynthesis, making the plant technically a hemiparasite.
The Viscum minimum mitochondrial genome has been sequenced, showing an unusual loss of genes or their functions. [3]
Seed germination
[edit]- Day 1: The sticky seed has landed on the host plant.
- Day 4: Germination has commenced.
- Day 10: The shoot emerges from the seed.
- Day 23: The shoot has made contact with the host plant.
- Day 30: The primary haustorium has developed.
Literature
[edit]- William Henry Harvey: Flora Capensis 2: 581
- Robert Allen Dyer: Two Rare Parasites on Succulent Species of Euphorbia, Euphorbia Review Vol. I (4): 29-32, 1935
- Thomas Goebel: Viscum minimum Harvey in der Sukkulentensammlung der Stadt Zürich, Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 29 (1), 1978
- Frank K. Horwood: Two parasites of Euphorbia: Viscum minimum and Hydnora africana, The Euphorbia Journal, Vol 1: 45-48, 1983
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Viscum minimum Harv". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
- ^ "Viscum minimum Harv". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
- ^ Massive gene loss in mistletoe (Viscum, Viscaceae) mitochondria Nature Accessed 5.1.2018