List of animation studios owned by the Walt Disney Company

The Walt Disney Company has owned and operated several animation studios since the company's founding on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; the current Walt Disney Animation Studios in Burbank, California is the company's flagship feature animation studio and claims heritage from this original studio. Adding to the growth of the company and its motion picture studio division the Walt Disney Studios, several other animation studios were added through acquisitions and through openings of satellite studios outside the United States. These expanded the company's animation output into television, direct-to-video, and digital releases, in addition to its primary feature animation releases.

Currently Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Lucasfilm Animation (through Lucasfilm) and 20th Century Studios's animation division are parts of the Walt Disney Studios unit. This article does not include other animation studios whose films were released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (the company's distribution unit) and not acquired by the company, nor does it count the Laugh-O-Gram Studio (1921–23), Disney's first animation studio, which predated the founding of the Walt Disney Company. For example, certain Studio Ghibli films were distributed by Disney internationally but never owned by the company.^[1] Also, Miramax, an independently operating unit of the Walt Disney Studios, also purchased US rights to foreign animated movies.^[2]

DisneyToon Studios, formerly Disney Movietoons,^[4] was an American animation studio owned by the Walt Disney Company, responsible for producing direct-to-video and occasional theatrical films for Disney Animation Studios, a part of the Walt Disney Studios.^[3]

Circle 7 Animation, or Disney Circle 7 Animation, was a short-lived division of Walt Disney Feature Animation specializing in CGI animation and was originally going to work on making sequels to the Disney-owned Pixar properties, leading rivals and animators^[5] to derisively nickname the division "Pixaren't". The company released no movies during its tenure.^[6]

Steve Jobs, Pixar CEO, announced in January 2004 that Pixar would not renew their agreement with Disney and would seek out other distributors for releases starting in 2006.^[7] In 2004, Disney Circle 7 Animation was formed as a CG animation studio to create sequels to the Disney-owned Pixar properties.^[6] In late January 2006, new Disney CEO Bob Iger and Jobs agreed to have Disney purchase Pixar^[8] which led to Disney closing Circle 7.^[9]

The Secret Lab

The Secret Lab's former location in Burbank, California
Formerly	Dream Quest Images (1979–1999)
Company type	Division
Industry	Entertainment
Founded	1979 (as Dream Quest Images)[10]
Founders	Hoyt Yeatman Scott Squires Rocco Gioffre Fred Iguchi Tom Hollister Bob Hollister
Defunct	2002
Fate	Closed
Headquarters	Santa Monica, CA[5] Burbank, California , United States
Key people	Andrew Millstein (GM, VP)
Production output	VFX, Animation
Owner	The Walt Disney Company (1996-2005)
Number of employees	350 (2002)[11]
Parent	Walt Disney Feature Animation (1996–2005)
Divisions	DQ Films[12]

The Secret Lab was an American special effects company that operated from 1979 to 2005, and was the result of a merger between Dream Quest Images and Walt Disney Feature Animation's Computer Graphics division.

Dream Quest was founded in a Santa Monica, California garage in 1979^[12][10] by Hoyt Yeatman, Scott Squires, Rocco Gioffre, Fred Iguchi, Tom Hollister and Bob Hollister.^[13] Initially, they did piecemeal work on Escape from New York, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and One From the Heart^[13] before moving to Culver City. DQ Films, the company's television commercial production division, remained in Santa Monica. In 1987, DQI model-making operations moved into a Simi Valley industrial park with most of the company following them later on.^[12] Their work on The Abyss and Total Recall each earned the company an Academy Award^[14]

The Walt Disney Company purchased the company in April 1996 and subsequently moved it to Burbank, California.^[12] DQI was purchased to replace Buena Vista Visual Effects.^[15] Soon after 1997, Andrew Millstein was appointed general manager of the company.^[16]

In October 1999, Dream Quest Images merged with Walt Disney Feature Animation's computer graphics division to form The Secret Lab,^[17][10] with Millstein continuing as general manager and vice president.^[16][17] The DQI and WDFA units were moved into a new location at Disney's Northside facility on Thornton Avenue just east of the Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport, Lockheed Corp.'s former Skunk Works Building 90 until it was renovated for WDFA's headquarters in 1995. DQI's physical production facilities remained in Simi Valley.^[17]

The Secret Lab produced one CG animated motion picture, Dinosaur, in 2000.^[17] After Dinosaur, the Lab and WDFA began working on Wildlife, which was canceled that September.^[18]

The Lab being passed over for Disney work (and general industry decline) led to the unit being closed in 2005. The Secret Lab's last work with Disney was for the Touchstone Pictures/Spyglass Entertainment film Reign of Fire and the Castle Rock Entertainment/Warner Bros. comedy Kangaroo Jack.^[10] An artist at The Secret Lab purportedly confided to Harry Knowles of Ain't It Cool News that the studio was shut down by Disney when it proved to be too expensive.^[19]

VFXography

• Con Air
• The Rock
• Armageddon
• Mighty Joe Young
• Inspector Gadget^[11]
• Bicentennial Man
• Gone in 60 Seconds
• Mission to Mars
• 102 Dalmatians
• Shanghai Noon
• Tennessee^[17]
• Dinosaur
• Disney's The Kid
• Unbreakable
• Bubble Boy
• The Princess Diaries
• Golden Dreams
• Snow Dogs
• Big Trouble
• Reign of Fire
• Kangaroo Jack

Pixar (/ˈpɪksɑːr/) is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California. The studio is best known for its CGI-animated feature films created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, its own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface used to generate high-quality images. Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the computer division of Lucasfilm before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986 with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs, who became its majority shareholder.^{[citation needed]} Pixar and Disney had a seven feature agreement that allowed Disney to distribute the films with Disney owing the character rights. With the success of Toy Story 2 in 1999, then-Disney CEO Michael Eisner and Pixar CEO Steve Jobs began to disagree on how Pixar should be run and the terms of their continued relationship.^[6] Eisner claimed that Toy Story 2 would not count towards the "original" film count of the agreement.^[20] Jobs announced in January 2004 that Pixar would not renew their agreement with Disney and would seek out other distributors for releases starting in 2006.^[7] In 2004, Disney Circle 7 Animation was formed as a CG animation studio to create sequels to the Disney-owned Pixar properties.^[6] In late January 2006, new Disney CEO Bob Iger and Jobs agreed to have Disney purchase Pixar^[8] which led to Disney closing Circle 7.^[9]

With Disney's 2009 purchase of Marvel Entertainment, Disney acquired Marvel Animation, a component of Marvel Entertainment.^[21] which now has a studio in Glendale, California.^[22][23] The studio became a Marvel Studios subisdiary after Kevin Feige was named chief creative officer of Marvel Entertainment.

In July 2021, Marvel Studios opened an in-house animation division named Marvel Studios Animation, though which they would develop mainly animated projects set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe, in addition to stand-alone projects. Brad Winderbaum as Head of Television, Streaming, and Animation, and Dana Vasquez-Eberhardt as VP of Animation.

Lucasfilm Animation was added as an animation unit as part of the acquisition of Lucasfilm in 2012.^[24]

In August 1996, Disney and Tokuma Shoten Publishing agreed that Disney would internationally distribute Tokuma's Studio Ghibli animated films.^[1] In 2002, Disney signed a four-picture deal with Vanguard Animation,^[25] although, only one film was released under that negotiation.^[26]

Following the arrival of Michael Eisner,Walt Disney Pictures Television Animation Group was established on December 5, 1984. Following re-incorporation of The Walt Disney Company in 1986. The name of the TV animation unit was shortened to Walt Disney Television Animation. the following year in 1987. This name was used to 2011 when it was shortened to Disney Television Animation.

In January 2003, Disney initiated a reorganization of its theatrical and animation units to improve resource usage and continued focus on new characters and franchise development. TV Animation was transferred to Disney Channel Worldwide.^[27] Disney MovieToons/Disney Video Premieres unit was transferred from Disney Television Animation to Disney Feature Animation.^[28][29]

Animation unit which was acquired as part of Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney

With Disney's acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC in 1995 came another animated unit, DIC Entertainment L.P., a Limited Partnership with CC/ABC and Andy Heyward. Eventually, DIC management arranged for the studio to become independent from Disney in 2001.^[2]

Greengrass Productions is a unit of ABC at the time CC/ABC was acquired by Disney and produced some animation.^[2]

Disney purchased the Fox Family/Fox Kids Worldwide franchise on October 24, 2001, for the Fox Family Channel and also received ownership of several units and assets, including Saban Entertainment and Saban International.^[2] The Saban library also included the 75.7% majority stake in Fox Kids Europe N.V., the Latin American Fox Kids channel, Saban International Paris, Saban International Services, various original Fox Kids programming, and the acquired all-original and Marvel Comics-based DePatie-Freleng Enterprises/Marvel Productions and Marvel Films Animation/New World Animation libraries.^[30] Afterwards, Saban International Paris split from Saban and became independent, with the Walt Disney Company taking in a 49% minority stake of the company and a name change to SIP Animation on October 1, 2002.^[31][32][33] Jetix Animation Concepts was a joint-venture between Walt Disney Television Animation and Jetix Europe N.V. for shows that broadcast for the Jetix channels.

• Jetix Animation Concepts - joint-venture between Jetix Europe N.V. and Walt Disney Television Animation
• BVS Entertainment
  • BVS International, N.V.
  • BVS International Services, Inc.
• Sensation Animation – dubbing for the second half of Digimon Tamers and Digimon Frontier. Although, it was ceased and dissolved in 2003, Disney co-distributed the previously undubbed four Digimon movies in 2005 and the fifth TV season in 2007.
• SIP Animation - 49% minority stake owned by Disney
• Jetix Europe (formerly Fox Kids Europe N.V.) - 75.7% owned by Disney until 2008, full ownership afterwards. Currently dormant.

Three overseas animation studios (Australia, Japan and Canada) were set up to produce the company's animated television series. As direct-to-video increased in importance, the overseas studios moved to making feature films.^[34]

Disney Animation Australia (DAA), also DisneyToon Studios Australia,^[37] was a Disney animation studio located in Sydney.^[35]

DAA was started in 1988 at the former Hanna-Barbera overseas studio in St Leonards, Sydney. Initially, Animation Australia worked on various television shows including Aladdin, Timon & Pumbaa, and Goof Troop. As staffing increased, the studio moved to Castlereagh Street.^[36]

Disney began producing direct-to-video sequels of its Feature Animation productions, the first of which was the Aladdin sequel The Return of Jafar. When Aladdin was selected as a possible candidate as an animated TV series (before the film's release), as with many animated series, the first three episodes were one multi-part story which Disney used as a potential 'family movie special' for the Friday night before the series' premiere. With work handed out to the Australia animation studio, the opening story was instead greenlit for a direct-to-video release. Thus with "Jafar" and its success, the direct-to-video unit, Disney Video Premieres, started. A second sequel, Aladdin and the King of Thieves, provided work to both the Sydney and Japanese animation units.^[3]

Australia was assigned additional film sequels: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, An Extremely Goofy Movie and Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure. The company's first feature film was Return to Never Land in 2002 grossing over $100 million worldwide at the box office. In 2005, the studio produced three animated movies: Tarzan II, Lilo & Stitch 2 and Bambi II. Disney Animation Australia was closed in mid-2006 after finishing Brother Bear 2, The Fox and the Hound 2, Cinderella III,^[36] and The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning.

Walt Disney Animation Canada, Inc. (WDAC) was a Canadian animation production company and subsidiary of Disney Television Animation.^[34]

Walt Disney Animation Canada was opened in January 1996 to tap Canada's animator pool and produce direct-to-video. Industry Canada rules were dispensed by the Canadian Government with a multi-year commitment from Disney for the company.^[39]

WDAC produced in 1997 Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas then worked with Australia and Japan subcontractors on Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World.^[39] In fall 1999, Animation Canada stopped work on Peter and Jane, a Peter Pan sequel original designed as its first theatrical release but was changed to a video release.^[39] In Spring 2000, due to weak financial performance, Animation Canada was closed.^[39][40] With Canada's closure, work on Peter and Jane was moved to the Australia and Japan units.^[39]

Walt Disney Feature Animation, France S.A. (DAF), also credited as Walt Disney Feature Animation - Paris, France^[44] and originally named Brizzi Films, was an animation company based in Paris, France that operated from 1986 to 2007.

Brizzi Films was founded by Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi in 1986, in Paris, France. Brizzi worked on Babar in 1986 for Nelvana. In 1989, the Brizzi brothers sold the company to Disney Television Animation. The brothers continued on as general managers under the company's new name, Walt Disney Animation, France S.A.^[42] The first production they work on under Disney was DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp for Disney MovieToons.^[4] In 1990, WDA France worked on several TV shows and specials.^[42]

In 1994, the Brizzi brothers transferred to Walt Disney Feature Animation as sequence directors for The Hunchback of Notre Dame^[42] for which Disney France did 20 percent of the animation.^[43] By January 1998, David Stainton was heading up Disney Animation France, which was when he was promoted to senior vice president of creative affairs for Disney Feature Animation.^[45]

Stainton was promoted in January 2000, and moved to Walt Disney Television Animation.^[45] In summer 2003, Disney Animation France was closed.^[25]

Walt Disney Animation Japan (ウォルト・ディズニー・アニメーション・ジャパン株式会社, Kabushiki gaisha Woruto Dizunī Animēshon Japan) (WDAJ), officially Walt Disney Animation (Japan) Inc., and formerly known as Pacific Animation Corporation (パシフィックアニメーション株式会社, Pashifikku animēshon kabushiki gaisha), also known as Walt Disney Television International Japan (ウォルト・ディズニー・テレビジョン・インターナショナル ジャパン, Woruto Dizunī Terebijon Intānashonaru Japan) (WDTVI-J), an animation production subsidiary of Disney Television Animation, a component of the Walt Disney Company, which is in charge of Disney's television business in Japan.

Pacific Animation Corporation was one of two animation firms that formed after the end of Topcraft in 1984, with the other being Studio Ghibli. Pacific Animation did three TV series and 1 television film for Rankin/Bass. In 1988, the Walt Disney Company purchased Pacific Animation Corporation, which was renamed as Walt Disney Animation Japan.^[53]

The Japanese studio was set up to provide the animation services for Disney's animated television series in 1989.^[34][57] As direct-to-video increased in importance, the overseas studios moved to making feature films.^[34]

DAJ worked on The Tigger Movie (2000). In 2003, the company produced Piglet's Big Movie for DisneyToon Studios and 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure. In September 2003, Disney announced the closure of the studio, with Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005) to be its final work.^[57][56]

DAJ was closed in June 2004 with 30 employees expected to be transferred to one of the two Disney's remaining animation units.^[54] With the closure of the Japanese studio, its remaining work for DisneyToon Studios was split between its US and Australia animation units.^[56] Employees not transferred decided to launch a new company, The Answer Studio [ja].^[54][55]

Walt Disney Animation U.K., Limited (DAE), was an animation studio based in England, Great Britain, United Kingdom that operated from 1986 to 1991.

This short-lived unit was set up in Camden Town, London in 1986 for the animation production of The Great Mouse Detective produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Who Framed Roger Rabbit, using a combination of animators from Burbank, Richard Williams' associates and animators from all over Europe (many of whom would later join the prestigious Feature Animation unit in Burbank when Roger Rabbit had finished production). In 1990, the first production they worked on under Disney was DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp for Disney MovieToons and Walt Disney Animation, France S.A. In summer 1991, Disney Animation U.K. Limited; the last thing that the British animation studios ever animated were two episodes of TaleSpin and one episode of The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.

Walt Disney Animation Studios Vancouver is a division of Walt Disney Animation Studios. The division was open on August 4, 2021, and began operations in January 2022.^[61] Amir Nasrabadi, former finance lead at Disney Animation, is the head of the studio.^[61] The studio works on Disney Animation's future long-term series, specials, and movies, with its first work being Moana 2.^[61]

In 2007, The Walt Disney Company and ImageMovers set up a joint venture animation facility, ImageMovers Digital, a Marin County-based film company, where Robert Zemeckis would produce and direct 3D animated films using performance capture technology.^[2] ImageMovers Digital closed operations by January 2011, after the production was completed on Mars Needs Moms.^[62]

• Laugh-O-Gram Studio

• • Big Cartoon DataBase entry