West Fourth Street–Washington Square station

 West 4 Street–
 Washington Square
 "A" train​"B" train​"C" train​"D" train​"E" train​"F" train"F" express train​"M" train
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
The station's mezzanine
Station statistics
AddressWest Third Street & Sixth Avenue
New York, New York
(main station entrance)
BoroughManhattan
LocaleGreenwich Village
Coordinates40°43′54″N 74°00′03″W / 40.731682°N 74.000945°W / 40.731682; -74.000945
DivisionB (IND)[1]
LineIND Sixth Avenue Line
IND Eighth Avenue Line
Services   A all times (all times)​
   B weekdays during the day (weekdays during the day)​
   C all times except late nights (all times except late nights)​
   D all times (all times)​
   E all times (all times)​
   F all times (all times) <F> two rush hour trains, peak direction (two rush hour trains, peak direction)​
   M weekdays during the day (weekdays during the day)
TransitBus transport NYCT Bus: M8, M55, SIM7, SIM33
Port Authority Trans-Hudson PATH: JSQ–33, HOB–33, JSQ–33 (via HOB) (at Ninth Street)
StructureUnderground
Levels2
Platforms4 island platforms (2 on each level)
cross-platform interchange
Tracks8 (4 on each level)
Other information
OpenedSeptember 10, 1932; 92 years ago (1932-09-10)[2] (upper level)
December 15, 1940; 83 years ago (1940-12-15) (lower level)
AccessibleThis station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ADA-accessible
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Traffic
202310,011,362[3] Increase 22.9%
Rank19 out of 423[3]
Services
Preceding station New York City Subway New York City Subway Following station
14th Street
A all times ​C all except late nights ​E all times
northbound
Express 		Canal Street
A all except late nights
toward Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue or Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard

Local 		Spring Street
A late nights ​C all except late nights ​E all times
via Canal Street
34th Street–Herald Square
B weekdays during the day ​D all times
via 59th Street–Columbus Circle
Express 		Broadway–Lafayette Street
B weekdays during the day ​D all times ​F all times <F> two rush hour trains, peak direction ​M weekdays during the day
southbound
14th Street
F all times <F> two rush hour trains, peak direction ​M weekdays during the day
via 47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center
Local
Location
West Fourth Street–Washington Square station is located in New York City Subway
West Fourth Street–Washington Square station
West Fourth Street–Washington Square station is located in New York City
West Fourth Street–Washington Square station
West Fourth Street–Washington Square station is located in New York
West Fourth Street–Washington Square station
Track layout

Legend
Upper level (Eighth Avenue Line)
to 14th Street
6th Av local to lower level
6th Av local to lower level
to Spring Street
to Canal Street
Lower level (Sixth Avenue Line)
to 34th Street–Herald Square
to 14th Street
6th Av local to upper level
6th Av local to upper level
from Broadway–Lafayette Street
to Broadway–Lafayette Street
Street map

Map

Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times except late nights Stops all times except late nights
Stops all times Stops all times
Stops late nights only Stops late nights only
Stops weekdays during the day Stops weekdays during the day
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only (limited service) Stops rush hours in the peak direction only (limited service)
West 4th Street Subway Station (IND)
MPSNew York City Subway System MPS
NRHP reference No.05000223[4]
Added to NRHPMarch 30, 2005

The West Fourth Street–Washington Square station (also known as the West Fourth Street station) is an express station and transfer stop on the IND Sixth Avenue and IND Eighth Avenue Lines of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of West Fourth Street and Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas) in Greenwich Village, Manhattan. It is served by the A, D, E, and F trains at all times; the B and M trains on weekdays; the C train at all times except late nights; and the <F> train during rush hours in the peak direction.

The West Fourth Street station was built as an express station for the Independent Subway System (IND)'s Sixth Avenue and Eighth Avenue Lines. It has four island platforms and eight tracks, split evenly across two levels, which are connected by a mezzanine. The Eighth Avenue Line platforms on the upper level opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the IND's first segment, while the Sixth Avenue Line platforms on the lower level opened on December 15, 1940. The West Fourth Street station contains elevators, which make it compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

[edit]

Construction and opening

[edit]

New York City mayor John Francis Hylan's original plans for the Independent Subway System (IND), proposed in 1922, included building over 100 miles (160 km) of new lines and taking over nearly 100 miles (160 km) of existing lines, which would compete with the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) and the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT), the two major subway operators of the time.[5][6] On December 9, 1924, the New York City Board of Transportation (BOT) gave preliminary approval for the construction of the IND Eighth Avenue Line.[7] This line consisted of a corridor connecting Inwood, Manhattan, to Downtown Brooklyn, running largely under Eighth Avenue but also paralleling Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan.[7][8] The BOT announced a list of stations on the new line in February 1928, with an express station at Fourth Street and Sixth Avenue.[9]

An additional line, the IND Sixth Avenue Line, was approved in 1925, running from Midtown Manhattan underneath Sixth Avenue, Houston Street, Essex Street, and the Rutgers Street Tunnel to Downtown Brooklyn.[10] The IND Sixth Avenue Line was designed to replace the elevated IRT Sixth Avenue Line.[11] The transfer hub between the Eighth Avenue and Sixth Avenue lines, at Sixth Avenue and West 4th Street in Greenwich Village, was named "West Fourth Street" as opposed to merely "Fourth Street" because the planners of the Independent Subway System believed there would be confusion between this station and "South Fourth Street", a proposed transfer station on the never-built IND Second System in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[12] Real estate developers expected that the construction of the West Fourth Street station would spur development around Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan.[13]

Eighth Avenue Line

[edit]

Work on the IND Eighth Avenue Line began in 1925.[14] Most of the Eighth Avenue Line was dug using a cheap cut-and-cover method.[15] The West 4th Street station was to be one of three Eighth Avenue Line stations underneath Sixth Avenue in Lower Manhattan; the other two stations were to be at Spring Street and Walker Street.[9] As part of the construction of the Eighth Avenue Line in Lower Manhattan, Sixth Avenue was extended south to Church Street starting in 1926.[16] This required the demolition of dozens of buildings along the route, including a hotel and several houses within the vicinity of the West Fourth Street station.[17] By August 1930, the BOT reported that the Eighth Avenue Line was nearly completed, except for the stations between Chambers Street–Hudson Terminal and West Fourth Street, which were only 21 percent completed.[18] The entire line was completed by September 1931, except for the installation of turnstiles.[19]

A preview event for the new subway was hosted on September 8, 1932, two days before the official opening.[20][21] The upper level of the West Fourth Street station opened on September 10, 1932, as part of the city-operated IND's initial segment, the Eighth Avenue Line between Chambers Street and 207th Street.[22][23] When the station opened in 1932, express (A) and local (AA) trains served the line; expresses did not run during late nights or Sundays.[2] When the IND Concourse Line opened on July 1, 1933,[24] the C express train started operating, while all locals became CC trains to the Concourse Line.[25] The E began using the local tracks on August 19, 1933, when the IND Queens Boulevard Line opened.[26]

Sixth Avenue Line

[edit]

The first portion of the Sixth Avenue Line to be constructed was the Houston–Essex Street Line south of the West Fourth Street station. The contract for the line was awarded to Corson Construction in January 1929,[27] and work officially started in May 1929.[28] The Houston–Essex Street Line opened on January 1, 1936. Two local tracks split from a junction with the Eighth Avenue Line south of West Fourth Street–Washington Square, running east under Houston Street and south under Essex Street to a temporary terminal at East Broadway. The E train, which had traveled to Chambers Street, was diverted along the new line south of West Fourth Street.[29] When the Houston–Essex Street Line was completed in April 1936, E trains ran to Church Avenue.[30]

The Midtown section of the Sixth Avenue Line was much more difficult to construct because part of this stretch of Sixth Avenue was already occupied by the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (H&M)'s Uptown Hudson Tubes, which ran between Eighth and 33rd Streets.[31] As a result, negotiations between the city and the H&M continued for several years.[32] The IND and H&M finally came to an agreement in 1930. The city had decided to build the IND Sixth Avenue Line's local tracks around the pre-existing H&M tubes, and add express tracks for the IND underneath the H&M tubes at a later date.[33]

The Midtown section of the Sixth Avenue Line did not begin construction until March 1936.[34][35] The line was to connect with the lower level of the West Fourth Street station, which had already been constructed.[36] The line's Midtown section opened on December 15, 1940.[37][38] The F train, which made local stops along the Sixth Avenue Line, replaced the E train along the Houston–Essex Street Line and started serving the lower level of the West Fourth Street station.[39]

Modifications

[edit]

The Sixth Avenue Line's Midtown section, comprising the section between the West Fourth Street and 34th Street–Herald Square stations, originally did not have express tracks.[40] On April 19, 1961, ground was broken for a $22 million project to build two express tracks between these two stations.[41] On November 26, 1967, the express tracks started to be used by the B and D trains. At that time, the first part of the Chrystie Street Connection opened, connecting the express tracks at the Broadway–Lafayette Street station one stop south to the Manhattan Bridge.[42] On July 1, 1968, another section of the Chrystie Street Connection opened, allowing Sixth and Eighth Avenue local trains to use the Williamsburg Bridge.[43] The Williamsburg Bridge connection has been used by the M train since 2010.[44] The Sixth Avenue Line station was also served by the JFK Express from 1978[45] to 1990 when it was discontinued.[46]

As early as 1965, Manhattan borough president Earl Brown requested that mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. add funding for an escalator at the West Fourth Street station to the city's capital budget.[47] Two up-only escalators were installed in the station in 1970, connecting the Sixth Avenue Line platforms to the Eighth Avenue Line platforms; one escalator was installed on the northbound side, while the other was installed on the southbound side. As part of a $4.3 million project, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) closed the escalators for renovations in 1998.[48]

In 2002, the MTA announced that elevators would be installed at the West Fourth Street station.[49] The elevator installation was delayed by over a year and was finally completed in April 2005, but the elevators then suffered from frequent breakdowns.[50] In 2005 alone, the three elevators were out of service for a cumulative nine months,[51] and one elevator was closed off for 134 days.[52] That year, passengers made 57 complaints about the elevators, including seven instances in which riders were trapped in the elevators.[53] Consequently, disability-rights groups sued the MTA over the elevators.[54]

The upper level (at left) serves Eighth Avenue Line trains, while the lower level (at right) serves Sixth Avenue Line trains.

Station layout

[edit]
Ground Street level Exit/entrance
Basement 1 Mezzanine Fare control, station agents
Disabled access Elevator at northeast corner of Sixth Avenue and 3rd Street
Basement 2 Northbound local ← "C" train toward 168th Street (14th Street)
← "E" train toward Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer (14th Street)
← "A" train toward Inwood–207th Street late nights (14th Street)
Island platform Disabled access
Northbound express ← "A" train toward Inwood–207th Street (14th Street)
Southbound express → "A" train toward Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue, Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard
or Rockaway Park–Beach 116th Street (Canal Street) →
Island platform Disabled access
Southbound local → "C" train toward Euclid Avenue (Spring Street) →
→ "E" train toward World Trade Center (Spring Street) →
→ "A" train toward Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue late nights (Spring Street) →
Basement 3 Mezzanine Connection between platform levels
Basement 4 Northbound local ← "F" train"F" express train toward Jamaica–179th Street (14th Street)
← "M" train weekdays toward Forest Hills–71st Avenue (14th Street)
Island platform Disabled access
Northbound express ← "B" train weekdays toward Bedford Park Boulevard or 145th Street (34th Street–Herald Square)
← "D" train toward Norwood–205th Street (34th Street–Herald Square)
Southbound express → "B" train weekdays toward Brighton Beach (Broadway–Lafayette Street) →
→ "D" train toward Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via West End (Broadway–Lafayette Street) →
Island platform Disabled access
Southbound local → "F" train"F" express train toward Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue via Culver (Broadway–Lafayette Street) →
→ "M" train weekdays toward Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue (Broadway–Lafayette Street) →
Tile caption below trim line

The West Fourth Street station was built by the Independent Subway System as the major transfer point between its two Manhattan trunk lines. It is the location of the zero point on the IND chaining. It is a bi-level station with a connecting concourse between the two platform levels. The Eighth Avenue Line occupies the upper level, while the Sixth Avenue Line uses the lower level. Both levels use identical platform arrangements–two island platforms between four tracks, allowing for cross-platform interchanges between local and express trains in each direction.

The Eighth Avenue Line's express tracks are used by the A at all times except late nights, while the Eighth Avenue Line's local tracks are used by the A at night,[55] the C at all times except late nights,[56] and the E at all times.[57] The Sixth Avenue Line's express tracks are used by the B on weekdays during the day[58] and the D at all times.[59] The Sixth Avenue Line's local tracks are used by the F at all times, the <F> during rush hours in the peak direction,[60] and the M on weekdays during the day.[61] The next stop to the north is 14th Street/Sixth Avenue for Sixth Avenue local trains, 34th Street–Herald Square for Sixth Avenue express trains, and 14th Street/Eighth Avenue for all Eighth Avenue trains. The next stop to the south is Broadway–Lafayette Street for all Sixth Avenue trains, Spring Street for Eighth Avenue local trains, and Canal Street for Eighth Avenue express trains.[62]

There are three fare control areas – two at the northern end of the station, and one at the southern end. All lead directly to the Eighth Avenue Line on the upper level platforms; access to the Sixth Avenue Line on the lower level is via stairs and elevators from the upper level and/or the full-length mezzanine between the two levels. Several escalators are present, which go directly between one of the lower level platforms to its corresponding upper level platform. The elevators, added in April 2005 to make the station ADA-accessible, provide access to both levels and to the mezzanine.[63]

The walls of the station contain green-tile bands with green borders; since West 4th Street is an express station, it has a wider tile band than local stations.[64] The tile colors were designed to facilitate navigation for travelers going away from Lower Manhattan; on the Sixth and Eighth Avenue lines, the tiles change color at the next express station to the north. As such, the green tiles used at the West Fourth Street station were also used on local stations to the north on Sixth Avenue, 14th Street and 23rd Street. The next express stations on either line, 14th Street on the Eighth Avenue Line and 34th Street–Herald Square on Sixth Avenue, used a different tile color.[65][66] When the station was under construction, New York University (NYU) officials had requested that the station contain purple tile bands because that was NYU's official color. However, this was not done because it would not have fit with the color-coded tile system used on the rest of the IND.[15] Small tile captions reading "WEST 4" run below the trim lines at regular intervals. Hunter green I-beam columns run along all the platforms, alternating ones having the standard black station name plate; The signs read "West 4 Street", replacing the older signs which simply read "W4".

Exits

[edit]
Street stair

The station does not have an exit to Fourth Street itself anymore, though an exit formerly existed there.[67] The northern exits are on the northern side of 6th Avenue and Waverly Place. Two staircases go up to the northeast corner, both built into alcoves of stores, and one to the northwest corner. The southern exits are at West Third Street, on the east and west sides of 6th Avenue.[68]

  • Two to the northwest corner (within building), one to the northeast corner (within building) of Sixth Avenue and Waverly Place[68]
  • One to the east side of Sixth Avenue north of Waverly Place[68]
  • Disabled access One elevator and staircase on the northeast corner of Sixth Avenue and West Third Street[68]
  • One on the west side of Sixth Avenue at West Third Street[68]

There are also four additional closed exits that directly led to the mezzanine. Two went to Washington Place, and the other two went to West 4th Street itself.[67] There is a fifth closed exit at one northern fare control area; it led to the southwestern corner of Greenwich Avenue and Sixth Avenue.

Nearby points of interest

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "List of the 28 Stations on the New 8th Av. Line". The New York Times. September 10, 1932. p. 6. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  4. ^ "NPS Focus". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2012.
  5. ^ "Two Subway Routes Adopted by City". The New York Times. August 4, 1923. p. 9. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  6. ^ "Plans Now Ready to Start Subways". The New York Times. March 12, 1924. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "Hylan Subway Plan Links Four Boroughs at $450,000,000 Cost". The New York Times. December 10, 1924. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  8. ^ Raskin, Joseph B. (2013). The Routes Not Taken: A Trip Through New York City's Unbuilt Subway System. New York, New York: Fordham University Press. doi:10.5422/fordham/9780823253692.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-82325-369-2.
  9. ^ a b "Express and Local Stations For New Eighth Avenue Line". New York Herald Tribune. February 5, 1928. p. B1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1113431477.
  10. ^ "New Subway Routes in Hylan Program to Cost $186,046,000 – Board of Transportation Adopts 22.90 Miles of Additional Lines – Total Now $345,629,000 – But the Entire System Planned by Mayor Involves $700,000,000 – Description of Routes – Heaviest Expenditures Will Be Made on Tunnels – No Allowance for Equipment – New Subway Routes to Cost $186,046,000". The New York Times. March 21, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  11. ^ "Delaney For Razing Elevated Line Now; Work in 6th Av. Could Begin in Six Months if Condemnation Started at Once, He Says. Sees Cut In Subway Cost Eliminating Need for Underpinning Would Save $4,000,000 and Speed Construction, He Holds". The New York Times. January 11, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  12. ^ Pollak, Michael (September 12, 2008). "F. Y. I." The New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
  13. ^ Walsh, J. Irving (January 30, 1927). "Two Down-town Districts Hold Great Future: Pleasant Living Conditions and Transit Facilities Promise Big Boom for Chelsea and the Village New Apartments Probable Removal of Railroad Tracks Likely to Enhance Value of Property in Section". New York Herald Tribune. p. C31. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1130562562.
  14. ^ "Will Break Ground Today for New Uptown Subway". The New York Times. March 14, 1925. p. 15. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  15. ^ a b Warner, Arthur (November 22, 1931). "The City's New Underground Province; The Eighth Avenue Subway Will Be Not Only a Transit Line but a Centre for the Shopper A New Underground Province of New York The Eighth Avenue Subway Will Be a Rapid Transit Line With Innovations and Will Provide Centres for the Shoppers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
  16. ^ Adams, Mildred (September 19, 1926). "Traffic Now Forces Huge Street Cutting; Sixth Avenue Extension to Focal Point on Canal, Street Is Perhaps the Most Extraordinary of Its Kind in the Entire History of New York City". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  17. ^ "Subway Wipes Out Landmarks In Lower Sixth Avenue Area". The New York Times. May 15, 1927. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 104159892.
  18. ^ "Eighth Av. Subway Nearly Completed; Basic Construction Work From Chambers to 207th St. Done Except on Few Short Stretches". The New York Times. August 24, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  19. ^ O'Brien, John C. (September 9, 1931). "8th Ave. Line Being Rushed For Use Jan. 1: Turnstile Installation on Subway Begins Monday; Other Equipment Ready for Start of Train Service City Has Yet to Find Operating Company Transit Official on Trip, 207th to Canal Street, Inspects Finished Tube". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1331181357.
  20. ^ "Sightseers Invade New Subway When Barricade Is lifted". The New York Times. September 9, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  21. ^ "8th Av. Subway Gets First 5c. by Woman's Error: She Peers Into a Station, Hears Train, Pays for Ride, but Is Day Too Early Preparing for Tomorrow's Rush on 8th Ave. Subway". New York Herald Tribune. September 9, 1932. p. 1. ProQuest 1125436641.
  22. ^ Crowell, Paul (September 10, 1932). "Gay Midnight Crowd Rides First Trains In The New Subway: Throngs at Station an Hour Before Time, Rush Turnstiles When Chains are Dropped" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
  23. ^ Sebring, Lewis B. (September 10, 1932). "Midnight Jam Opens City's New Subway: Turnstiles Click Into Action at 12:01 A. M. as Throngs Battle for Places in 'First' Trains Boy, 7, Leads Rush At 42d St. Station City at Last Hails 8th Ave. Line After 7-Year Wait; Cars Bigger, Clean Transit Commissioner Officially Opening New Subway at Midnight". New York Herald Tribune. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1114839882.
  24. ^ "New Bronx Subway Starts Operation". The New York Times. July 1, 1933. p. 15. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  25. ^ Station Guide, Independent City Owned Rapid Transit Railroad (PDF) (Map). New York City Board of Transportation. c. 1937.
  26. ^ "Two Subway Units Open at Midnight". The New York Times. August 18, 1933. p. 17. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  27. ^ "East Side Subway Will Evict 10,000; Work on New Line, Likely to Begin in May, Will Force Many Tenants to Move. 200 Buildings Will Fall Transportation Board Notifies Property Owners—Condemnation to Coat Over $11,000,000. Expect Work to Start in May. Residents Recall Other Days". The New York Times. February 24, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  28. ^ "East Side Subway Started By Mayor; He Breaks Ground for Crosstown System at Second Av. and East Houston St. Miller Hails Project Sees Area Rejuvenated by Line and City's Plan to Raze Old Tenements". The New York Times. May 2, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  29. ^ "LaGuardia Opens New Subway Link". The New York Times. January 2, 1936. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  30. ^ "New Subway Link Opened by Mayor". The New York Times. April 9, 1936. p. 23. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
  31. ^ "6th Av. Subway Plan Hinges On Tubes' Use; City Must Reach Agreement With Hudson & Manhattan to Carry Out Project". The New York Times. November 20, 1924. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  32. ^ "Final Contracts To Finish Subway Awarded By City; Include $20,000,000 for Cars, Equipment and Substations for Manhattan Line. Operation Set For 1931 Board of Transportation Moves to Rid Sixth Avenue of Trolley Tracks. Seeks To Buy Franchise Line Willing to Exchange It for Bus Permit—Negotiations Pushed to Extend Tube". The New York Times. August 1, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
  33. ^ "Delaney For Razing Elevated Line Now; Work in 6th Av. Could Begin in Six Months if Condemnation Started at Once, He Says. Sees Cut In Subway Cost Eliminating Need for Underpinning Would Save $4,000,000 and Speed Construction, He Holds". The New York Times. January 11, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  34. ^ "Mayor to Start Work on Sixth Av. Subway; La Guardia to Use Pneumatic Drill at Ceremony at Noon Tomorrow in Bryant Park". The New York Times. March 22, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 10, 2022.
  35. ^ "Mayor Starts Construction of 6th Av. Subway: Demands Razing of 'El' as He Breaks Ground at Bryant Park Entrance Appeals for Unification Warns Rate War Is Likely to Follow Failure of Plan". New York Herald Tribune. March 24, 1936. p. 9. ProQuest 1222069808.
  36. ^ Harrington, John W. (May 5, 1935). "City Plans Its Costliest Subway; In a Short Two Miles Under Sixth Avenue the Engineers Will Encounter Many Intricate Problems". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  37. ^ "First-Day Traffic on 6th Ave. Line Greatly Exceeds All Expectations; But Real Test of New Subway Will Come in Today's Rush Hours--Mezzanine Corridor Evokes General Approval". The New York Times. December 16, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  38. ^ "6th Av. Subway Opens Complete Service Today: Rush-Hour Schedules On at 7 A. M.; Bronx and Queens To Be Affected". New York Herald Tribune. December 16, 1940. p. 10. ProQuest 1263396247.
  39. ^ "The New Subway Routes". The New York Times. December 15, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  40. ^ "New Tracks To Be Built in IND Subway: T. A. to Sign Contract For 6th Ave. Tunnel". New York Herald Tribune. April 3, 1961. p. 9. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1326925311.
  41. ^ Levey, Stanley (April 19, 1961). "Construction of New IND Tunnel For 6th Ave. Line Begins Today; Express Tracks Deep Under Street to Run From 4th to 34th St. – 1964 Finish Set for $22,000,000 Job". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  42. ^ Perlmutter, Emanuel (November 27, 1967). "BMT-IND Changes Bewilder Many – Transit Authority Swamped With Calls From Riders as New System Starts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
  43. ^ Hofmann, Paul (July 1, 1968). "Skip-Stop Subway Begins Run Today – KK Line Links 3 Boroughs – Other Routes Changed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  44. ^ "Modifications to 2010 NYC Transit Service Reductions" (PDF). mta.info. New York City Transit. March 19, 2010. pp. 4–5. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
  45. ^ Pitt, David E. (October 22, 1989). "Transit Agency Wants to End Airport Express". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
  46. ^ The New York Times (March 11, 1990). "JFK express subway to be discontinued". New York City: Observer–Reporter. p. 54. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
  47. ^ Farrell, William E. (February 10, 1965). "Wagner Pressed on Budget Items; Brown and Others Act on Points Raised by Public". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  48. ^ Allon, Janet (April 12, 1998). "Neighborhood Report: Greenwich Village; Escalator Repair Is Double Jolt to Riders at West 4th". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  49. ^ "NYC Transit's Goals for 2002" (PDF). The Bulletin. Vol. 45, no. 10. Electric Railroaders' Association. October 2002. p. 1.
  50. ^ Chan, Sewell (October 29, 2005). "New Elevators in Subways Are Delayed". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
  51. ^ Desai, Kapil (August 7, 2006). "Lovin' an Elevator - Or Not". Gothamist. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
  52. ^ Silverman, Justin Rocket (August 7, 2006). "Study: Subway elevators often broken". Newsday. p. 6. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
  53. ^ Neuman, William (May 19, 2008). "$1 Billion Later, New York's Subway Elevators Still Fail". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
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