William D. Lawrence (ship)

History
Canada
Name	William D. Lawrence
Owner	William Dawson Lawrence and James Ellis
Port of registry	Maitland, Nova Scotia
Builder	William D. Lawrence Shipyard, Maitland Nova Scotia
Laid down	1872
Launched	October 27, 1874
Maiden voyage	1874-1875
Identification	Code Letters NQDC
Fate	Stranded English Channel, 1891, converted to barge, sunk in Dakar.
Notes	Renamed Kommander Svend Foyn, 1883
General characteristics
Tonnage	2459 Gross Tons
Length	262 ft (80 m) between perpendiculars 335 ft (102 m) Sparred Length
Beam	48 ft (15 m)
Depth	29 ft (8.8 m)
Decks	2
Propulsion	Sail
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship

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William D. Lawrence was a full-rigged sailing ship built in Maitland, Nova Scotia, along the Minas Basin and named after her builder, the merchant and politician William Dawson Lawrence (1817–1886).

Built in 1874 at the William D. Lawrence Shipyard in Maitland, she was the largest wooden sailing ship of her day, one of the largest wooden ships ever built and the largest sailing ship ever built in Canada.^[a] William Lawrence was a fierce opponent of Canadian Confederation which he predicted would bring ruin to Nova Scotia's flourishing shipbuilding industry. Initially planning to build a smaller vessel, he deliberately increased the size of William D. Lawrence to create a landmark vessel for the province's shipping industry before it declined. The vessel defied critics who claimed that a wooden vessel of its size would be unmanageable and lose money.

After several profitable years, the ship was sold to Norwegian owners in 1883 and renamed Kommandør Svend Foyn. She was stranded in the English Channel in 1891 and converted to a barge, later sinking in Dakar, Senegal.

In 1930, William D. Lawrence and his great ship were commemorated by the Bank of Nova Scotia, which placed a stone carving of the ship above the door of the head office building in Halifax, Nova Scotia (located on Hollis Street, directly across from Province House). A monument dedicated to Lawrence's ship as a national historic treasure was erected on the grounds of his home in 1967, and his home was opened to the public as a provincial museum site on August 11, 1971. The ship has also been commemorated by the Canada Post with a postage stamp (1975) and the Royal Canadian Mint with a coin (2002).

The ship was the subject of at least three formal ship portraits, one at the Nova Scotia Museum displayed at Lawrence House in Maitland,^[2] one at the Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management in Halifax^[3] and one by Edouard-Marie Adam at the Musée national de la Marine in Paris, France.^[4]

The vessel's achievement is commemorated in Maitland by a National Historic Site monument at the restored home of her builder, Lawrence House, part of the Nova Scotia Museum.^[5] Maitland celebrates the launch of William D. Lawrence every September at a weekend festival called "Launch Days".^[6]