International Socialist Workers Congress, Zürich 1893

The International Socialist Workers Congress in Zürich that met from 6 to 13 August 1893 was the third congress of the Second International. The congress passed the "Zurich resolution" which expelled anarchists from the congress.^[1] On 12 August, Friedrich Engels was designated the honorary president for the day and delivered the closing address,^[2] the only time that Engels addressed a Second International period congress.^[3] Notable participants included an official delegation from the British trade union movement, led by John Hodge.^[4]

Resolutions

Before deliberations could begin, the Congress voted to exclude the anarchists led by Gustav Landauer, who left in protest.^[1] Engels later emphasised the need to remain separate from the anarchists in his closing speech.^[1] The mandate of Rosa Luxemburg as a delegate of the Socialists of Poland and Lithuania, in opposition to the Polish Social Democratic Party, was also rejected.^[1]

Delegations

Country	# of delegates	Notes
Australia	1
Austria	27	Victor Adler
Bohemia	7
Belgium	17	Emile Vandervelde
Brazil	2	Brazilian mandates held by Wilhelm Liebknecht (Ger.) and Robert Seidel (Swiss)
Bulgaria	2	Yanko Sakazov
Denmark	2
France	41
Germany	92	August Bebel, representing the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Great Britain	65
Hungary	9
Italy	21	Filippo Turati
Poland	11	Stanislaw Mendelson; Ignacy Daszyński^[1]
Romania	5	Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
Russia	1	Pavel Axelrod
Serbia	1
Spain	2
Switzerland	101	Verena Conzett^[5]
United States	3

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Lenz, J. (1932). The Rise and Fall of the Second International. New York: International Publishers Co., Inc. pp. 16–23.
^ International Socialist Congress Zurich, Switzerland (1894). Protokoll des Internationalen sozialistischen Arbeiterkongresses in der Tonhalle, Zürich, vom 6. bis 12. august 1893 (in German). Grütlivereins. p. 52.
^ Hunt, Tristram (2009). The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels. London: Allen Lane. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-7139-9852-8.
^ Braunthal, Julius (1966). History of the International, 1864–1914. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 251.
^ Treichler, Hans Peter (2011). Die Arbeiterin in Zürich um 1900: Sozialgeschichtliches auf den Spuren Verena Conzetts (1861–1947) (in German). Conzett Verlag. p. 38. ISBN 978-3-03760-023-8 – via Issuu.com.

Bibliography

Braunthal, Julius. History of the International, Volume 1: 1864–1914.
Haupt, Georges. La Deuxième Internationale, 1889–1914: étude critique des sources, essai bibliographique.

External links

"The Times" newsclippings of the 1893 International Socialist congress

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[:0-1] Lenz, J. (1932). The Rise and Fall of the Second International. New York: International Publishers Co., Inc. pp. 16–23.

[2] International Socialist Congress Zurich, Switzerland (1894). Protokoll des Internationalen sozialistischen Arbeiterkongresses in der Tonhalle, Zürich, vom 6. bis 12. august 1893 (in German). Grütlivereins. p. 52.

[Hunt-3] Hunt, Tristram (2009). The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels. London: Allen Lane. p. 344. ISBN 978-0-7139-9852-8.

[4] Braunthal, Julius (1966). History of the International, 1864–1914. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons. p. 251.

[5] Treichler, Hans Peter (2011). Die Arbeiterin in Zürich um 1900: Sozialgeschichtliches auf den Spuren Verena Conzetts (1861–1947) (in German). Conzett Verlag. p. 38. ISBN 978-3-03760-023-8 – via Issuu.com.

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