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DeutschZheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
Zheleznogorsk Железногорск | |
|---|---|
 Checkpoint at the entrance to the town | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Zheleznogorsk  | |
  Zheleznogorsk Location of Zheleznogorsk  Zheleznogorsk Zheleznogorsk (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | |
| Coordinates: 56°15′00″N 93°32′00″E / 56.25000°N 93.53333°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Krasnoyarsk Krai[1] |
| Founded | 1950 [2] |
| Government | |
| • Head | Igor Germanovich Kuksin |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 84,795 |
| • Rank | 196th in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | closed administrative-territorial formation of Zheleznogorsk[1] |
| • Capital of | closed administrative-territorial formation of Zheleznogorsk[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Zheleznogorsk Urban Okrug[4] |
| • Capital of | Zheleznogorsk Urban Okrug[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (MSK+4  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 662970–662973, 662976–662978, 662980 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 39197 |
| OKTMO ID | 04735000001 |
| Website | admk26 |
Zheleznogorsk (Russian: Железного́рск), is a closed town in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, with a developed nuclear industry. The town has a population of 84,795 (2010 Census).[3]
History
[edit]The town was formerly known as Krasnoyarsk-26 (Красноя́рск-26).[7]
It was established in 1950 for the production of weapons-grade plutonium.[2] The history of the town and the associated defense complex are intertwined. In 1959, the government created the eastern office of OKB-1 (later known as NPO PM) under the supervision of M. F. Reshetnev. Defense plants included nuclear facilities built within caverns excavated in the granite mountain on the northern edge of the city, as well as space research enterprises.[8]
It was a closed city until President Boris Yeltsin decreed in 1992 that such places could use their historical names. Before then, the town had not appeared on any official maps. As is the tradition with Soviet towns containing secret facilities, "Krasnoyarsk-26" is actually a P.O. Box number and implies that the place is located some distance from the city of Krasnoyarsk. The town was also known as Soctown, Iron City, the Nine,[9] and Atom Town.[8]
Administrative and municipal status
[edit]Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with five rural localities, incorporated as the closed administrative-territorial formation of Zheleznogorsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the closed administrative-territorial formation of Zheleznogorsk is incorporated as Zheleznogorsk Urban Okrug.[4]
Settlements under juridistion of "CATF Zheleznogorsk" include: Zheleznogorsk, Dodonovo, Podgorny, Novy Put, Tartat and Shivera.
Geography
[edit]Zheleznogorsk is located 35 km north of Krasnoyarsk, in the foothills of the Atamanovsky Ridge, the spurs of the Sayan Mountains. The climate of the city, as in Krasnoyarsk, is Dfb according to Köppen. The average annual temperature is 2.2 °C or 36 °F. The city is located far from the southern border of permafrost due to the warmer climate than in most of Eastern Siberia. Mixed forests grow in the city itself, with a predominance of conifers, especially in mountainous areas. The city is also partially located in the steppe zone. Due to the high continentality of the climate, there are large temperature differences during the day and at night, as well as between winter and summer. At the same time, daytime temperatures are often higher than the average in Siberia, and nighttime temperatures from time to time are below average. The period with a positive daily average temperature slightly exceeds the period with a negative one. The maximum and minimum temperature ranges from -46°C (-51°F) to +39°C (102°F) degrees. The climate of the city is considered warmer than in Krasnoyarsk itself due to the lower elevation difference and greater penetration of warm western and southern air masses into the West Siberian Plain and the Yenisei Valley.
Economy
[edit]
Zheleznogorsk is the location of the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine, a combine that played a significant role in the early Russian nuclear weapons production campaigns.
Zheleznogorsk is also the location for the production of plutonium, electricity and district heat using graphite-moderated water-cooled reactors. The last reactor was shut down permanently in April 2010.[10] It is the location of a military reprocessing facility and for a Russian commercial nuclear-waste storage facility.
A significant employer in the city is ISS Reshetnev (Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems), Russia's largest satellite manufacturer and the prime developer of the GLONASS program.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1979 | 86,200 | — |
| 2002 | 93,875 | +8.9% |
| 2010 | 84,795 | −9.7% |
| 2021 | 82,723 | −2.4% |
| Source: Census data | ||
In popular culture
[edit]Krasnoyarsk-26 is the setting of a key episode in the 2001 novel The Sky Is Falling by Sidney Sheldon.
References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Law #10-4765
- ^ a b World Data Centers in Russia. Information about the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine (in Russian)
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #14-3412
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Zhigulsky, Anton (October 25, 1995). "Former Closed Cities Host International Fair". The Moscow Times. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
- ^ a b Atom Town, edited by Vladimir Medvedev, "Bear" Company, Zheleznogorsk.
- ^ The Siberia Chemical Building Company was located in Zheleznogorsk but had a different postal code, Krasnoyarsk - 9.
- ^ "Ceremony marks end of a nuclear era". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
Sources
[edit]- Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №10-4765 от 10 июня 2010 г. «О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края», в ред. Закона №7-3007 от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об изменении административно-территориального устройства Большеулуйского района и о внесении изменений в Закон края "О перечне административно-территориальных единиц и территориальных единиц Красноярского края"». Вступил в силу 1 июля 2010 г. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №33(404), 5 июля 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #10-4765 of June 10, 2010 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #7-3007 of December 16, 2014 On Changing the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Bolsheuluysky District and on Amending the Krai Law "On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Territorial Units of Krasnoyarsk Krai". Effective as of July 1, 2010.).
- Законодательное собрание Красноярского края. Закон №14-3412 от 26 мая 2005 г. «О статусе закрытых административно-территориальных образований Красноярского края», в ред. Закона №8-2948 от 19 февраля 2009 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 1 Закона края «О статусе закрытых административно-территориальных образований Красноярского края»». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ведомости высших органов государственной власти Красноярского края", №26, 23 июня 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Law #14-3412 of May 26, 2005 On the Status of the Closed Administrative-Territorial Formations of Krasnoyarsk Krai, as amended by the Law #8-2948 of February 19, 2009 On Amending Article 1 of the Krai Law "On the Status of the Closed Administrative-Territorial Formations of Krasnoyarsk Krai". Effective as of ten days after the official publication.).
External links
[edit]
Media related to Zheleznogorsk (Krasnoyarsk Krai) at Wikimedia Commons
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