فرگشت فرهنگی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

تکامل یا فرگشت فرهنگی (به انگلیسی:Cultural evolution) یک نظریه تکاملی دربارهٔ دگرگونی اجتماعی است. تکامل فرهنگ از تعریف فرهنگ نشات گرفته‌است. فرهنگ «اطلاعاتی که می‌توانند بر رفتار افراد تأثیر بگذارند تعریف می‌شود. این اطلاعات از طریق آموزش، تقلید و سایر اشکال انتقال اجتماعی از سایر اعضای همنوع انسان به دست می‌آید».^[۱] تکامل فرهنگی تغییر این اطلاعات در طول زمان است.^[۲]

تکامل فرهنگی، که از لحاظ تاریخی به عنوان تکامل اجتماعی-فرهنگی نیز شناخته می‌شود، در ابتدا در قرن نوزدهم توسط انسان‌شناسانی برخاست که از تحقیقات چارلز داروین در مورد تکامل تأثیر پذیرفته بودند. امروزه، تکامل فرهنگی به پایه و اساس یک زمینه رو به رشد تحقیقات علمی در علوم اجتماعی، از جمله انسان‌شناسی، اقتصاد، روان‌شناسی و مطالعات سازمانی تبدیل شده‌است. قبلاً اعتقاد بر این بود که تغییرات اجتماعی ناشی از سازگاری‌های زیستی است، اما مردم شناسان اکنون معمولاً پذیرفته‌اند که تغییرات اجتماعی در نتیجه ترکیبی از تأثیرات اجتماعی، تکاملی و زیستی ایجاد می‌شود.^[۳]^[۴]

چندین رویکرد مختلف برای مطالعه تکامل فرهنگی وجود داشته‌است، از جمله نظریه وراثت دوگانه، تکامل اجتماعی-فرهنگی، یاده‌شناسی، تکامل گرایی فرهنگی و انواع دیگر در نظریه انتخاب فرهنگی. رویکردهای تکامل فرهنگی نه تنها در تاریخ توسعه و رشته‌ای منشأ خود، بلکه در نحوه مفهوم سازی فرایند تکامل فرهنگی و مفروضات آن و نظریه‌ها و روش‌هایی که برای مطالعه آن اعمال می‌شود، متفاوت هستند. در سال‌های اخیر، همگرایی در دسته‌ای از نظریه‌های مرتبط به سمت مشاهده تکامل فرهنگی به‌عنوان یک رشته یکپارچه در نوع خود وجود داشته‌است.^[۵]^[۶]

مستندات درون خطی

↑ J., Richerson, Peter (2005). Not by genes alone: how culture transformed human evolution. Boyd, Robert, 1948-. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-71284-0. OCLC 54806438.
↑ "What is Cultural Evolution". Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 2018-06-22.
↑ "cultural evolution | social science". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
↑ "Cultural Evolution Theory Definition". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
↑ Mesoudi, Alex; Whiten, Andrew; Laland, Kevin N. (2006-08-01). "Towards a unified science of cultural evolution". The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 29 (4): 329–347, discussion 347–383. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.612.2415. doi:10.1017/S0140525X06009083. ISSN 0140-525X. PMID 17094820.
↑ Mesoudi, Alex (2011). Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian theory can explain human culture and synthesize the social sciences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-52044-5.

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پیوند به بیرون

[1] J., Richerson, Peter (2005). Not by genes alone: how culture transformed human evolution. Boyd, Robert, 1948-. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-71284-0. OCLC 54806438.

[2] "What is Cultural Evolution". Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 2018-06-22.

[:1-3] "cultural evolution | social science". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-03-30.

[:0-4] "Cultural Evolution Theory Definition". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2017-03-30.

[5] Mesoudi, Alex; Whiten, Andrew; Laland, Kevin N. (2006-08-01). "Towards a unified science of cultural evolution". The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 29 (4): 329–347, discussion 347–383. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.612.2415. doi:10.1017/S0140525X06009083. ISSN 0140-525X. PMID 17094820.

[6] Mesoudi, Alex (2011). Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian theory can explain human culture and synthesize the social sciences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-52044-5.

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