非難

非難（ひなん、英：Blame）とは、人の欠点や過失・誤った言動などを取り上げて責めること。類語とし、糾弾などがある^[1]^[2]^[3]。

神経学

非難は、テンポラルテリトリー接合(TPJ)における脳活動を含むように関連している^[4]。扁桃は我々は肯定的な行動に応答するときではなく^[5] 我々が他の人を責めるときに見つかる^[6]。

社会学と心理学

自己責任

被害者の非難

→詳細は「Victim blaming」を参照

個別の非難とシステムの非難

非難のシフト

→「Buck passing」および「Psychological projection」も参照

プロパガンダ技術として

組織への

→詳細は「Blame in organizations」を参照

脚注

^ “非難／批難（ひなん）の意味 - goo国語辞書”. goo辞書. 2022年3月15日閲覧。
^ “＜Q＆A＞日本の国会でウクライナ侵略非難決議どんな意味があるの？：東京新聞 TOKYO Web”. 東京新聞 TOKYO Web. 2022年3月15日閲覧。
^ デジタル大辞泉. “非難決議とは”. コトバンク. 2022年3月15日閲覧。
^ Hoffman, Morris B. (2014). The Punisher's Brain: The Evolution of Judge and Jury. Cambridge Studies in Economics, Choice, and Society. Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN 9781107038066 2014年5月22日閲覧. "Our adult brains [...] have dedicated circuits devoted to the assessment of intentionality and harm, and to the calculation of blame based on those two assessments, using intent as the main driver and harm only as a tiebreaker. Part of those blaming circuits lie in a region called the temporoparietal junction, or TPJ. It is an area of the cortex roughly even with the top of the ears."
^ amygdala has been found
^ Ngo, Lawrence; Kelly, Meagan; Coutlee, Christopher G; Carter, R McKell; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter; Huettel, Scott A (2015). “Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality.”. Scientific Reports 5: 17390. Bibcode: 2015NatSR...517390N. doi:10.1038/srep17390. PMC 4669441. PMID 26634909. "Based on converging behavioral and neural evidence, we demonstrate that there is no single underlying mechanism. Instead, two distinct mechanisms together generate the asymmetry. Emotion drives ascriptions of intentionality for negative consequences, while the consideration of statistical norms leads to the denial of intentionality for positive consequences."

参考文献

Douglas, Tom. Scapegoats: Transferring Blame, London-New York, Routledge, 1995.
Wilcox, Clifton W. Scapegoat: Targeted for Blame, Denver, Outskirts Press, 2009.

外部リンク

Blaming
Moral Responsibility (also on praise and blame), in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Praise and Blame, in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

[1] “非難／批難（ひなん）の意味 - goo国語辞書”. goo辞書. 2022年3月15日閲覧。

[2] “＜Q＆A＞日本の国会でウクライナ侵略非難決議どんな意味があるの？：東京新聞 TOKYO Web”. 東京新聞 TOKYO Web. 2022年3月15日閲覧。

[3] デジタル大辞泉. “非難決議とは”. コトバンク. 2022年3月15日閲覧。

[4] Hoffman, Morris B. (2014). The Punisher's Brain: The Evolution of Judge and Jury. Cambridge Studies in Economics, Choice, and Society. Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN 9781107038066 2014年5月22日閲覧. "Our adult brains [...] have dedicated circuits devoted to the assessment of intentionality and harm, and to the calculation of blame based on those two assessments, using intent as the main driver and harm only as a tiebreaker. Part of those blaming circuits lie in a region called the temporoparietal junction, or TPJ. It is an area of the cortex roughly even with the top of the ears."

[Ngo_amygdala-5] ygdala has been found

[Ngo_blaming_study-6] Ngo, Lawrence; Kelly, Meagan; Coutlee, Christopher G; Carter, R McKell; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter; Huettel, Scott A (2015). “Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality.”. Scientific Reports 5: 17390. Bibcode: 2015NatSR...517390N. doi:10.1038/srep17390. PMC 4669441. PMID 26634909. "Based on converging behavioral and neural evidence, we demonstrate that there is no single underlying mechanism. Instead, two distinct mechanisms together generate the asymmetry. Emotion drives ascriptions of intentionality for negative consequences, while the consideration of statistical norms leads to the denial of intentionality for positive consequences."

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非難

神経学