Boxer Rebellion - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Boxer Rebellion
Part of the century of humiliation
A company of Boxers in 1901
Date 18 October 1899 – 7 September 1901 Location North China, Yellow Sea Result Eight-Nation Alliance victory
Belligerents
Eight Nation Alliance:  British Empire  Russia  Japan  France  Germany  United States  Italy  Austria-Hungary  Netherlands  Spain  Belgium Mutual Protection of Southeast China (after 1900)	Boxer movement  Qing dynasty (before 1900)
Commanders and leaders
Legations: Claude MacDonald Seymour Expedition: Edward Seymour Gaselee Expedition: Alfred Gaselee Coriolano Ponza di San Martino Vincenzo Garioni Yevgeni Alekseyev Nikolai Linevich Fukushima Yasumasa Yamaguchi Motomi Henri-Nicolas Frey Adna Chaffee Occupation Force: Alfred von Waldersee Occupation of Manchuria: Aleksey Kuropatkin Paul von Rennenkampf Pavel Mishchenko Mutual Protection of Southeast China: Yuan Shikai Li Hongzhang Xu Yingkui Liu Kunyi Zhang Zhidong	Boxers: Cao Futian  Zhang Decheng † Imperial government: Emperor Guangxu Empress Dowager Cixi Li Bingheng † Yuxian  Commander in Chief: Ronglu Hushenying: Zaiyi Tenacious Army: Nie Shicheng † Resolute Army: Ma Yukun Song Qing Jiang Guiti Gansu Army: Dong Fuxiang Ma Fulu † Ma Fuxiang Ma Fuxing
Strength
Seymour Expedition: 2,100–2,188[1] Gaselee Expedition: 18,000[1] China Relief Expedition: 2,500[2] Russian troops: 100,000[3]–200,000[4]	Boxers: 100,000–300,000 Qing troops: 100,000[5]

The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China from 2 November 1900 to 7 September 1901. It was led by the Boxers, a group of Chinese against the huge amount of Western influence in China.

The rebellion happened while many foreign countries (Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia) were scrambling for concessions in the Qing dynasty in the aftermath of the Opium Wars and the First Sino-Japanese War.

The Boxers were Chinese who were angry about the growing power of foreigners in China. They wanted to fight and drive out all foreigners and even the Chinese who helped the foreigners. The Boxers got many people to help them and drove their fight to Peking (now Beijing).

The interior inner city of Beijing was known as the Tartar city because most off its people were Manchus, and half of the Manchus in China lived there. Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made an alliance to invade China and to defeat the Boxers in Beijing. That made Empress Dowager Cixi declare war on all of them and send the Gansu Army to help the Boxers.

The first foreign expedition to Beijing, the Seymour Expedition, was defeated. The foreign legations in Beijing were surrounded for 55 days before the foreign reinforcements got through in the Gaselee Expedition, which got to the legations in Beijing. The Manchus suffered tremendously, as the foreign soldiers went around raping the women and killing the men. Outside Manchuria and Zhili Province, the rest of China was not affected since the Han governor generals like Yuan Shikai, Li Hongzhang, Liu Kunyi, and Zhang Zhidong signed a pact, the Mutual Defense Pact of the Southeastern Provinces, to keep their provinces out of the war and not to help the Qing court. That made the foreigners not attack them.

The foreigners were very angry with the Qing and said that China had to pay them even more money and execute the officials who responsible for supporting the Boxers like the Manchu Bannerman Governor Yuxian, Qixiu, Captain Enhai (En Hai), the Manchu Zaixun, Prince Zhuang, and thr Han General Dong Fuxiang. China agreed to execute all the Manchu officials like Yuxian, Qixiu, Enhai, and Zaixun but refused to execute Dong Fuxiang. A few years later, in 1911, the Qing dynasty collapsed, and China had a new government, the Republic of China, but the foreigners, especially the Japanese, still influenced the country.

• Opium Wars
• First Sino-Japanese War
• Qing dynasty
• Empress Dowager Cixi
• Imperial Japanese Army
• Open Door Policy
• Imperialism