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DeutschHyponatremia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Hyponatremia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hyponatraemia, low blood sodium, hyponatræmia |
 | |
| Sodium, as shown on the periodic table | |
| Medical specialty | Nephrology |
| Symptoms | Decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, poor balance, confusion, seizures, coma[1][2][3] |
| Types | Low volume, normal volume, high volume[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Serum sodium < 135 mmol/L[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Ethanol intoxication or withdrawal, high protein levels, high blood fat levels, high blood sugar[5][6] |
| Treatment | Based on underlying cause[4] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[6][7] |
Hyponatremia (British English: hyponatraemia) is when there is not enough sodium in the body (in the blood). It is mostly caused by the presence of too much water. Sodium is an essential mineral.
Causes
[change | change source]Hyponatremia is most often a complication of other medical illnesses in which excess water collects in the body faster than can be excreted. For instance, congestive heart failure is a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) use. Some runners who drink a lot of water before running a marathon also suffer this illness.[8][9] Drinking too much water can impair the ability of marathon runners.[10]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Babar, Sultan M. (2013-10-01). "SIADH Associated With Ciprofloxacin". Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 47 (10): 1359–1363. doi:10.1177/1060028013502457. ISSN 1060-0280.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Williams, David M; Gallagher, Maire; Handley, Joel; Stephens, Jeffrey W (2016-07-01). "The clinical management of hyponatraemia". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 92 (1089): 407–411. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133740. ISSN 0032-5473.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Henry, Dan A. (2015-08-04). "Hyponatremia". Annals of Internal Medicine. 163 (3): ITC1 – ITC16. doi:10.7326/AITC201508040. ISSN 0003-4819.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lee, Jennifer Ji Young; Kilonzo, Kajiru; Nistico, Amy; Yeates, Karen (2014-05-13). "Management of hyponatremia". CMAJ. 186 (8): E281 – E286. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120887. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 4016091. PMID 24344146.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Filippatos, T. D.; Liamis, G.; Christopoulou, F.; Elisaf, M. S. (2016-04-01). "Ten common pitfalls in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia". European Journal of Internal Medicine. 29: 22–25. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.022. ISSN 0953-6205.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Book sources - Wikipedia". en.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2025-04-21.
- ↑ Ball, SG; Iqbal, Z (March 2016). "Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 30 (2): 161–73. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2015.12.001. PMID 27156756.
- ↑ "Merck Manual: Hyponatremia". Archived from the original on 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ↑ Gina Kolata: Marathoners Warned About Too Much Water (NYTimes, 20 Oct. 2005)
- ↑ "Inverse relationship between percentage body weight change and finishing time in 643 forty-two-kilometre marathon runners". Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
- ↑ Ball, S. G.; Iqbal, Zohaib (2016-03-01). "Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia". Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Disturbances of water and electrolyte balance. 30 (2): 161–173. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2015.12.001. ISSN 1521-690X.
