紅圈表示大規模滅絕地,黑點則是規模未知的滅絕地 缺氧事件 或大洋缺氧事件 指的是海洋中氧氣 缺乏的一段時期,期間海水中的硫化氫 (H 2 S )含量大幅增加[ 1] 。它在地質史上曾多次發生,同時伴隨而來的是生物集群灭绝 [ 2] 。因此生物地層學 上將缺氧時間當成時間劃分的一個重要指標[ 3] 。它的成因可能是氣候變暖、溫室氣體增加及洋流速度變緩等,而釋放出大量二氧化碳的火山作用 是其主要外部成因[ 4]
絕大部分的缺氧事件都發生在侏羅紀 、白堊紀 等氣溫上升、二氧化碳含量增加的時期,缺氧事件中平均海水表面溫度超過25 °C(77 °F),而現代則不過13 °C(55 °F)。氣溫上升的原因可能是原本封存于地殼中的天然氣大規模釋放[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] 。
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